Zhuge Liang introduced

Zhuge Liang was a famous politician, strategist and diplomat during the Three Kingdoms period. The word Kongming, the word Wolong, was born in Yang Du (now yinan county, Shandong Province), Langye County, Xuzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang was born in Han Guang and four years ago. In the fourth year of his birth, that is, the first year of Emperor Zhong Ping (AD 184), the Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out. The warlord regime, war, Zhuge Liang lost his parents, and uncle Zhuge Xuan lived alone. At the age of fifteen, Zhuge Liang followed his uncle to Xiangyang, Jingzhou and attached himself to Liu Biao. He saw that Liu Biao was incompetent and not the master of the world, so he lived in seclusion in Longzhongshan, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and built a house. This was in the year 197. Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong for ten years. He made friends with celebrities in the south of the Yangtze River, "comparing himself to Guan Zhonghe every time", and loved to sing Song of Fu Liang, and made friends with celebrities such as Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Huang, Cui and Xu Shu. His intelligence has been recognized by everyone, and he has the ambition to conquer the world. He pays close attention to the development of the current situation, so he knows the world situation like the back of his hand. Known as "Wolong". Marry Huang's daughter.

In 207 AD, on the recommendation of Xu Shu, Liu Bei visited the Caotang, so please count Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation in the world and put forward that to unify the world, we must take the road of uniting with Cao Cao and Sun Tzu. This is the famous "Longzhong Dui". In 208 AD, Cao Cao conquered the south and defeated Liu Bei in Nagano. Zhuge Liang "was ordered by the defeated army and was ordered by danger" and sent messengers to Jiangdong to link Sun Quan. Zhuge Liang and Sun Quan negotiated the firm principle of Longzhong-China confrontation and concluded a bilateral alliance, not a subordinate relationship. Sun Quan realized that "unless he is Liu Yuzhou, he can't be Cao Cao", so he had to give in, agree to the three-point position and send his troops to refuse to practice. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan fulfilled his promise and lent Jingzhou to Liu Bei. Assist Yizhou, so that Shu, Wei and Wu Cheng can gain a foothold. After Cao Pi replaced Han as emperor, Liu Bei also became emperor, Zhuge Liang became prime minister and premier, and Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou.

In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was dying in Yong 'an, and called Zhuge Liang to take care of the affairs, saying, "You are ten times as good as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and achieve great things in the end. If the heir can be assisted, he will be assisted; If it is incompetent, you can replace it. " Zhuge Liang quickly cried: "I will try my best to bring out the best in each other, and I will be loyal to death!" " After the emperor ascended the throne, Zhuge Liang was appointed as the marquis of Wuxiang, and set up a prime minister's office to handle daily affairs, and also served as Yizhou shepherd. At that time, the military, political and financial affairs of the whole country, big or small, were decided by Zhuge Liang.

After Zhuge Liang came to power, the first important thing he did was to resume diplomatic relations with Soochow. After Liu Bei's death, Soochow continued to be a vassal of Wei, but on the other hand, it has not made up its mind how to deal with Shu, and it is still at the border of Shu. Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi, a minister, to persuade Sun Quan to unite with Shu and sever relations with Wei.

At that time, during Liu Bei's crusade, the counties in South China rebelled under the instigation of Wu Dong, which seriously threatened the backyard of Shu Han. After Zhuge Liang came to power, he resumed diplomatic relations with Soochow and cut off foreign aid to South China. After two years of aftercare, Zhuge Liang wrote to his late master, determined to quell the rebellion in southern China. In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led an army to conquer Nanzhong in three ways. In this war, Zhuge Liang used offensive tactics against Meng Huo, the rebel leader, which completely convinced him. After the war of counter-insurgency, Zhuge Liang divided the four counties in the south into six counties by learning from the experience of "vassal States building their own armies". Jianning county, the center of the rebel army, was divided into the smallest county, and a large number of local officials were used to achieve the goal of not losing troops and transporting grain and grass, but also managing the local area. More than 10,000 families of "Qing Qiang" in South China were recruited into Shu, and five cavalry units were formed with their youth and strength, which were called "flying troops": the commander-in-chief was set up to take charge of the military and political affairs in South China. In December of that year, Zhuge Liang led the army back to Chengdu.

In March of the fifth year of Wen (227), Zhuge Liang took the model to see his ancestors and led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui and Anding (Jichuan, Gansu) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to supervise the war, while Cao Zhen supervised the right army, and adopted the strategy of giving priority to defense. At first, the Shu army took Gu Jielu as a threat to capture the county seat, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi led the troops (now northwest of Shaanxi Baocheng) as suspected troops, and Zhuge Liang led the troops to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and was stationed in the street pavilion. Ma Su was bad, lost to Wei Jun and lost to the street kiosks. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to return to Hanzhong (there was no "empty city plan" to retreat Sima Yijun in official history). Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears in his eyes, wrote to himself three times, and became prime minister as a right general.

In the winter of 228, in the sixth year of Jianxing, Wei Jun attacked Wu in the third way, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went through the big three passes this time, besieged Chencang for more than 20 days, and all the food was gone. In the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the third Northern Expedition. The Shu army marched westward, occupied Weiwudu and Yin Ping counties, and then returned. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister.

During this period, the contradiction between Zhuge Liang and Li Yan became the focus of attention. It turns out that the two of them are entrusted by Liu Bei, and * * * is the assistant minister. Until lite four years (226), the relationship between them was relatively good. Zhuge Liang also praised Li Yan in his letter to Mengda. But soon, Li Yan wrote to Zhuge Liang, suggesting that he use the power of state affairs to become a king like Cao Cao and accept the "Nine Tin", so that he can also get some benefits. Zhuge Liang was very angry about this and severely criticized Li Yan in his reply. Soon, before Zhuge Liang prepared to attack Wei, he asked Li Yan to guard Hanzhong with his 20 thousand army. Li Yan bargained for Zhuge Liang to draw five counties from the eastern part of Yizhou to set up Jiangzhou, and let him be the secretariat of Jiangzhou, but the transfer failed. Zhuge Liang put the overall situation first and compromised; In the seventh year of lite, before Kyle went to Wu Dong, he specifically asked Zhuge Liang to report Li Yan's clever deception, especially about some misdeeds of Li Yan when he was an official in his hometown in his early years, but it did not attract enough attention from Zhuge Liang. In the eighth year of Jianxing (230), he wanted to attack Shu in three ways. Zhuge Liang once again asked Li Yan to take 20 thousand troops to Hanzhong, and Li Yan bargained again. Zhuge Liang immediately gave in and appointed his son as the governor of Jiangzhou, and took over the work after Li Yan was transferred. Li Yan carried out the transfer order. In the ninth year of Jianxing (23 1), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time and put Li Yan in charge of logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang that the emperor ordered the retreat. After Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops, he lied to the court that withdrawing troops was to lure the enemy. When Zhuge Liang came back, he pretended to be surprised and asked, "Is there enough rations? Why did you suddenly retreat? " So Zhuge Liang took out Li Yan's letters as evidence in court, signed them with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, transferred him from Shu Ren and exiled him to Zitong.

In February (234), the 12th year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang made the fifth northern expedition and led a large army out of the oblique valley, according to Wuzhangyuan (now 40 miles south of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). This time, I made an appointment to attack Wei at the same time. However, Wu Dong has been slow to send troops. Until May, Sun sent Lu Xun to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Hanzhen, Hubei) and attacked Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led the army to encircle the new town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Wu Dong first. He personally led the water army eastward, made Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insist on not fighting and let the Shu army retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned of Wei Zhu's intention, he thought that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons learned from the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled in the field, intending to be stationed for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army retreated across the board. Zhuge Liang left a will before his death: "If you are buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, just dig a grave on the hillside and the coffin can be placed in the grave. Wear ordinary clothes and don't bury objects. "

The path Zhuge Liang chose fully shows that he is an orthodox thinker who upholds feudal laws and advocates Confucian loyalty and morality. However, Zhuge Liang did not stick to Confucian dogma. He respects the king, but does not harass foreigners. He made a southern tour to appease foreigners and implemented the best ethnic policy among the three countries. Zhuge Liang fought to the last breath of his life with the spirit of "doing his best and dying".

Zhuge Liang's book contains the Catalogue of Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang Collection, 24 articles, with the word 104 1 12. Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Ji compiled by Zhang Shu in Qing Dynasty is relatively complete.

Respondent: high fever q 2008- assistant level 3 5-2 1 20: 10.

Zhuge Liang (181-234) was an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and diplomat in the Three Kingdoms period. The word Kong Ming,No. Wolong. Zhuge Liang was born into an official family in Langxie Yang Du in the fourth year of Han Dynasty (18 1). Zhuge family is a noble family of Langxie, whose ancestor Zhuge Feng served as a captain of Li Si in the Western Han Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, named Simon, worked as a county magistrate in Taishan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang lost his father in his early years and came to Zhang Yu with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, who was appointed as the magistrate by Yuan Shu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Xuan was replaced by Zhu Hao, and Zhuge Xuan went to his old friend Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao.

In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his siblings lost their livelihood and moved to Nanyang (1), Wollongong, Nanyang, Henan; Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei Province) lived in seclusion and cultivated in the countryside for a living. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied under Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

Later, in order to eliminate the historical controversy left by Zhuge Liang's seclusion, Gu Jiaping, a native of Xiangyang, Hubei Province, who was the magistrate in Nanyang, Henan Province in the Qing Dynasty, wrote: "Merit lies in the imperial court, regardless of one or two; There is no need to divide Xiangyang Nanyang. "

This was written by Gu Jiaping, the magistrate of Nanyang, Henan Province in the Qing Dynasty, who was from Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Because Zhuge Liang is famous all over the world, the two provinces are fighting for the location of Zhuge Liang's former residence. Gu Jiaping wanted to offend Nanyang, but he was afraid of disappointing the name of Sangzi, so he wrote this wonderful couplet, which not only praised Zhuge Liang, but also settled the dispute between the two provinces, which was fair. However, this controversy has not subsided. When the second set of "Longzhongdui" stamp sheetlet of Romance of the Three Kingdoms was issued on 1990, Hubei and Henan provinces organized a delegation to complain in Beijing for the first place of "Longzhongdui", which blocked the design. The Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties of Beijing Normal University specially organized an academic seminar on "Zhuge Liang plowing the fields". Zhuge Liang's statement that he plowed the land in X-Yang has been approved by most people, and historians also believe that Zhuge Liang's scenic spots in Xiangyang and Nanyang can completely coexist, just like Wenwu Chibi. Gu Jiaping's title couplet is really a masterpiece of famous couplet.

Zhuge Liang's reading was different from that of most people at that time. He doesn't stick to one chapter and one sentence, but looks at it roughly. He likes to recite the old ballad "Song of Fu Liang". Through painstaking research, he is not only familiar with astronomy and geography, but also with tactical art of war. He is ambitious and takes the world as his responsibility. Zhuge Liang also paid great attention to observing and analyzing the society at that time and accumulated rich knowledge of governing the country and using troops.

In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei "visited the Caotang" and asked Zhuge Liang about his plan to unify the world. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jing and turning it into a base area first, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, helping foreigners in the south, fighting wars in the west, and waiting for an opportunity to go north to unify the whole country. This speech is very famous.

After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts were suddenly enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talents were rare, so he earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang came out to assist Liu Bei, forming the momentum of the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang stepped forward in times of crisis, assisted Liu Bei and United his grandson against Cao. Chibi defeated Cao Jun and seized Jingzhou. Jian 'an sixteen years, captured Yizhou. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In twenty-six years, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs. In three years (223), Liu Bei was critically ill, and everything went well afterwards.

After Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Liang was named the marquis of Wuxiang and was in charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. Diligent and prudent, major and minor matters should be handled in person, rewards and punishments should be strict, relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China should be improved, land reclamation should be carried out, and combat readiness should be strengthened. In the fifth year of lite (227), Shangshu (the "model") was stationed in Liu Chan, and the army was stationed in Hanzhong. It explored the Central Plains six times before and after, and many of them failed with grain. Twelve years later, due to overwork, he died in the former army and entrusted Jiang Wei with the funeral.

Zhuge Liang was an outstanding politician, thinker and strategist in Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. For thousands of years, Zhuge Liang became the embodiment of wisdom, and his legendary story was told by the world. Zhuge Liang's writings, in the "Three Kingdoms", include "Catalogue of Zhuge Ji", 24 articles, 104 1 12 words. Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Ji compiled by A Qing Zhang Shu is a relatively complete work. Zhuge Liang's main works in his life are: Front Model, Back Model and Longzhong Dui. Zhuge Liang is ingenious, resourceful and thoughtful. He once innovated the crossbow and fired 10 arrows at the same time. As a "wooden cow flowing horse", it is convenient for military transportation in mountainous areas; He also derived Sun Tzu's Art of War and made an "eight-array diagram"

There are many memorial sites for Zhuge Liang, including dozens all over the country. There is an endless stream of tourists.

The earliest Wuhou Temple in China is located in Mianxian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Mianxian Wuhou Temple is the first Wuhou Temple in the world. Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jing Yao (AD 263). Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, was named "Wuxiang Hou" before his death (Wuxiang is now Wuxiang Town of Hanzhong City), and was later named "Loyal Wuhou Hou" by Liu Chan, so his temple was honored as "Wuhou Temple" in history. Now the Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County is magnificent and large-scale, with more than 60 halls in the courtyard, which is not only a place to mourn the sages, but also a place to visit cultural relics. More significantly, the location of Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was the former site of Zhuge Liang's "Hangyuan Xiangfu" during his northern expedition to Hanzhong.

At present, in addition to Chengdu Wuhou Temple and Mianxian Wuhou Temple, there are Nanyang Wuhou Temple, Baidicheng Wuhou Temple, Yunnan Baoshan Wuhou Temple and Qishan Wuhou Temple. In addition, there are Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Temple built before the Tang Dynasty, Wuhou Temple built in the Ming Dynasty (Puyin, Hubei) and Huangling Temple built during the Jian 'an period (Yichang, Hubei). Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, was named after Zhuge Liang's descendants lived here for generations. The Prime Minister's Temple was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, which has been more than 370 years. There are 52 ancient buildings in the Prime Minister's Temple, which contains Zhuge Liang's spiritual position. In recent years, the Prime Minister's Temple in Lanxi has gradually gained fame and influence. It is a great historic site in Lanxi and a land of Range Rover.

Zhuge Liang chronicle

Year, age, life and deeds

In the fourth year of Guanghe, Zhuge Liang was born in Langxie Yang Du (now yinan county) at the age of 18 1 0.

In the sixth year, at the age of 189, Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died.

Chuping 3 years 192 1 1 Zhuge Liang's father died.

In the first year of Xingping 194 13 years old, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

At the age of 65,438+095,65,438+04, in the second year of Chuping, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the prefect, and he and his sister-in-law went with his uncle (now Nanchang).

Zhuge Xuan died in the second year of Jian 'an at the age of 197 16. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother and sister moved to Nanyang.

In the fourth year of Jian 'an, 199 18 years old, Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

Jian 'an12 Liu Bei, 26, visited the thatched cottage. Zhuge Liang told Liu Beichen that there are three points in the world, which is the famous "thatched cottage pair". Go out to help Liu Bei at once.

Jian 'an13 Zhuge Liang, 27, persuaded Sun Quan to form an alliance with Liu Bei to win in Battle of Red Cliffs.

Jian 'an14 Zhuge Liang, 28, served as a corps commander.

Jian 'an 16 2 1 1 30-year-old Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were guarding Jingzhou together.

Jian 'an19214 Zhuge Liang, 33, left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou and joined forces with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to meet Liu Bei. Liu Bei entered Chengdu and took charge of Bashu. Zhuge Liang served as general Zuo, a strategist of the Shu army, and concurrently served as a government official.

Twenty years after Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang, at the age of 2 15, 34, rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 23rd year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu at the age of 2 18 to raise rations for Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

Shu was 22 1 year old in the first year of Zhangwu, and Liu Bei ascended the throne at the age of 40, establishing Shu. Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister.

In the first year of Shu Jianxing, in 223, 42-year-old Liu Bei breached Bai Di City and entrusted Zhuge Liang.

Liu Chan named Zhuge Liang as the marquis of Wuxiang and led Yizhou as a shepherd.

At the age of 224 and 43, Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu to stabilize the people who were confused by Liu Bei's defeat.

At the age of 225 and 44, Zhuge Liang led the army south and stabilized the four southern counties.

Shu Jianxing was 4 years old, and Zhuge Liang was 226 and 45 years old.

Zhuge Liang, 227 and 46 years old, submitted a "model" of the Northern Expedition to Liu Chan in the fifth year of Jianxing in Sichuan.

228 years old, 47 years old, the state of Shu was founded for six years, and the street kiosks in the Northern Expedition fell. Zhuge Liang shed tears and beheaded Ma Su, lowering himself to the rank of right general and doing the work of prime minister.

At the age of 229 and 48, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition, captured Wudu and Yin Ping, and resumed his position as prime minister.

At the age of 230 and 49, Zhuge Liang went to the North again.

At the age of 23 1 50 in the ninth year of Jianxing in Shu, Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan in the Northern Expedition, defeated Sima Zhong Da and defeated Zhang He, the general of Wei.

Zhuge Liang, 52, built a mansion in Gu Jie to collect food.

Shu Jianxing 12 234 53 years old (at the age of 54) Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan in the Northern Expedition again.

Responder: Tears of Blood Sacrifice-Trainee Magician Level 2 5-2 1 20: 13

Dude, it's not good to always copy other people's things.

Respondent: generally good-probation period 1 level 5-22 00:0 1

Five words, handsome and smart.

Respondent: Bao Linwei 123- Second Assistant 5-22 19:45.

Look at the history of the Three Kingdoms.

Respondent: yjplgyleq- probationary period level 1 5-24 0 1:53

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Responder: Xu Ye is fierce -5-24 02:08.

Zhuge Liang's "example" was that in 227 years after the founding of Shu Han, Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition. At this time, Shu was at the end of the road, and its national strength was exhausted. "The north was afraid of Cao Gongqiang and the east was afraid of Sun Quan's coercion." In order to realize Liu Bei's last wish to revitalize the Han Dynasty and unify the whole country, Zhuge Liang "crossed the Lugu River in May and went deep into the barren land", pacified the south, and had a relatively solid rear, seized the opportunity of Cao Wei defeating Qishan and Sun Wu defeating Shi Ting, sent troops to the Northern Expedition and seized Liangzhou of Wei. What is said here is "former teacher"

Since Liu Bei's "three visits to the thatched cottage" in 207 AD, Zhuge Liang has faithfully assisted Liu Bei to complete the great cause of reunification. After a long-term struggle, Liu Bei, who lives in Jingzhou, became the master against Wei and Wu, and became emperor in 22 1 year. After the Battle of Yiling in Wu Shu in 222 AD, Liu Bei fled Baidi City and died the following year. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. " I trust Zhuge Liang very much. Zhuge Liang replied, "I dare to use my strength, be loyal to the festival, and then die." Liu Bei said to Liu Chan, "If you work with the Prime Minister, you are like a father." Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, the late master. Liu Chan, who is weak and fatuous, is a trusted official, far away from talents and has no ambition. He is a "helpless dou". Zhuge Liang advocated sending troops to attack Wei and issued a statement, trying to dispel all doubts, affirm his sense of justice to save his stupidity, and express his loyalty and love to cure his stubbornness. He has both the vision of a politician and the mind of a militarist, and strictly abides by the status of his subordinates.

The first half of the Teacher's Watch is an exhortation when leaving, while the second half shows the determination to win this trip. Although he is the master of Shu, the success or failure of Shu depends on his body. Therefore, when leading the people to fight, we should urge the latter to keep a clear head, have a correct view and take effective measures to ensure the smooth progress; At the same time, it shows that your loyalty to the heart of death is not only encouraging yourself, but also preventing the villain from confusing the Lord.

Zhuge Liang put forward three suggestions to the late Lord: to clear the way, to enforce the law fairly, and to stay away from the sages. These three suggestions are not only measures to stabilize the rear area, but also due principles of governance. In order to cure stupidity and stubbornness, the author has to think deeply about his writing.

From the situation to the reason, I began to write. The first section of the table puts forward the suggestion of "opening a holy meeting" to the late Lord, but it can play an encouraging role and stimulate the feelings of inheriting the inheritance from the situation. At the beginning of the article, it is said that "the first emperor didn't start his business halfway, and the middle road collapsed", which deeply stung Liu Beining's ambition to die, and profoundly warned future generations not to waste his father's achievements. At the beginning, he began with a statement commemorating the achievements of the first emperor, and loyalty and righteousness dominated the full text. Then, with "three points today", point to the general trend of tomorrow and compete for the Central Plains. Who will win is still unknown; Frankly speaking, "Yizhou is exhausted", its own conditions are very poor, land is scarce, and people are poor and barren; Then he shouted: "This is the autumn of life and death!" In a crisis, there is great danger. If you don't save the country, there will be a tragic situation in which the country breaks down and the family dies, which is steep and majestic. In the case of highlighting the situation, the cushion is "the guards at home are unremitting, and the loyal ministers forget their bodies outside." They don't forget the kindness of their ancestors and change their loyalty to their ancestors. They still have strength and hope to turn the corner. On this basis, the author puts forward the suggestion of "opening a holy temple" and "leaving glory and the spirit of benevolent people for the virtue of the former emperor", and exhorts people not to "belittle themselves, cite false meanings and block the way of loyal ministers" from the perspective of national survival, which makes people feel shocked and tempted. If the epitaph only states the meaning of openness in general, it will obviously not touch a groggy monarch much.

From the main to the second, the texture is meticulous. Move people with emotion, but also convince them with reason. It is said that priorities should be clear and orderly. The inscription is mainly to give advice to the late Lord, so the first "holy meeting" opens the way for the suggestion. On the premise of getting through the road of loyalty and admonition, let's talk about the justice of law enforcement and get close to the sages. When talking about the fairness of litigation, I always mention that "the things in the palace and the things in the official are combined into one, and punishment is not appropriate", and then I divide it into two aspects: the palace and the official. When explaining things separately, we should also uphold the spirit of "opening a holy meeting." We should consult Guo Youzhi, Fei, and Dong Yun about the palace affairs, and we should be "big and primary school", so that we can "make up for the vacancy and gain something". For government affairs, you can ask Xiang Chong, who is in charge of German affairs. "Asking for advice about things in the camp" will also "make the lines harmonious and get the pros and cons right". Finally, the problem of "being close to saints and far from villains" is put forward. These three suggestions can be independent or interrelated. Broadly speaking, it is the way of loyalty and forgiveness, not the door of convenience is evil. The pro-virtuous ministers are far from villains, so they accept the kind words of Guo Youzhi and Xiang Chong, and "show the truth of the people" to prevent evil spirits from gaining power, so that there are differences inside and outside, and the rewards and punishments are unknown. The fatuity of the monarch mainly lies in his greed for selfish desires, ignorance of things, ignorance of loyalty and treachery, ignorance of good and evil, confusion of right and wrong, and improper reward and punishment. Zhuge Liang aimed at Huang Hao, the eunuch favored by his late master, and ignored the fault of the minister of entrepreneurship. He also said euphemistically and profoundly, and he was justified. Of the three listed items, opening the way is the premise, justice in law enforcement is the key, and pro-sages are the core. Strict reasoning will inspire even fools.

From near to far, open-minded. In order to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of loving the sages far away, the table text takes the historical facts of "prosperity" and "decline" of the former Han Dynasty as a lesson, the former emperors' sigh and hatred for Huan Emperor and the Lingdi's ignorance of the country as a warning, urging the later emperors to get close to the sages, and taking "the prosperity of the Han Dynasty can wait for the sun" as an encouragement, from near and far, from ancient times to the present, success and failure are simultaneous.

Zhuge Liang, because his late master was a fatuous person who "belittled himself and misquoted his words", should speak clearly and not use too many languages. We should not only enlighten him through persuasion, but also maintain a sense of respect among his deputies. Therefore, the "situation" has shaken the other side, clearly indicating that it is approaching the "critical autumn". If we do not do our best to govern, it will inevitably lead to national subjugation; Touching each other with "affection" and even crying to the first emperor, his industry is the first industry of the first emperor, and his ministers are the ministers of the first emperor, which must be called the will of the first emperor. How can it be not only the legacy of the first emperor, but also the legacy of the first emperor? Teaching them with "measures" and telling them the specific methods of governing the country are practical and effective; Encouraged by the "career" and warned, he mainly completed the career of "the first emperor started his business six months ago", which made the world unified and the Han family prosperous, prompting him to have great ambitions and complete the great cause in the future. The inscription admonishes the late master from all aspects, full of feelings and sincere words. Therefore, although it is a memorial card, it is touching.

The second part of the statement, from describing his life experience to the significance of attacking Wei, further shows his determination to "revive the Han Dynasty and return to the old capital", and is also generous, profound and touching.

From man to himself, the literary situation is ups and downs. From the first part to the second part of the admonition book, the sketch suddenly started from "I am the minister of cloth" and found another way. Describe your own situation in 2 1 year, and describe in detail the special experience of the first emperor-one is to take good care of the thatched cottage to serve the mountain, the other is to make it prime minister when it was overthrown, making it jump from the position of cloth to the position of extremely important minister, and to become the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces in one fell swoop. The narrative in this section seems to be scattered and not closely related to the context. In fact, it is out of context, clear and dense. This is because: first, tracing back to the extraordinary experience of 2 1 year reveals gratitude and gratitude, which shows that the above words are purely sincere and make the late master feel comfortable. Second, live up to the extraordinary experience of the late emperor, and serve as an example for the late emperor not to forget the legacy of his ancestors, thus further inspiring his efforts. Third, the extraordinary course of 21 years shows that starting a business is difficult, so we should not give up halfway, let alone give up all our previous efforts. Fourth, the example of the first emperor was not written by Kong Ming's "meanness". His accusation was self-defeating. He was concerned about the thatched cottage, regardless of the size of the matter. When he was defeated and in danger, he was still entrusted with an important task. It can be seen that he is meritocratic and meritocratic, calling the latter to follow the example of the first emperor. Fifth, it shows that you have been loyal and wise to SHEN WOO for 2 1 year, and will be loyal as always in the future, and spare no effort to make the late master entrust the thief with the heavy responsibility, so as to avoid being trusted and ruining the overall situation because you led the northern expedition and entered the customs. Zhuge Liang's narrative touched the heart of my late master, and he was willing to accept what he said before, which was also a confession when he left. It was really a heart. The article changed from a suggestion to a self-narrative life, which opened the pen and ink and made the writing more ups and downs and more impressive.

Tell the story with great promise and push it to a climax. After twenty-one years of suffering, the table continues to describe Bai Di's feelings and work after entrusting orphans, so as to show his determination to settle in the Central Plains in the north. The previous discussion about the world, advice and lyricism ended here, and the characteristics expressed by the teacher were completely clear. Tracing back to the story of entrusting orphans, this paper explains the historical roots of this mentoring relationship. "Since I was appointed, I have been worried and sighed every night, for fear that entrustment would not work, thus hurting the understanding of the first emperor." This explains the ideological basis of this apprenticeship. "The filter through May is barren. Today, the South has decided ",pointing out the material preparation for this beginning. On the basis of fully describing the conditions, it is put forward that "the three armies will reward each other, the north will set the Central Plains, the traitors will be eliminated in the turbid waves, the Han Dynasty will be revived, and the old capital will be returned". The police are brilliant. At this point, the "model" got off and went straight to the point. The previous suggestion is to ensure that you have the conditions to start a business, and the middle narrative is to explain that you have the conditions to start a business. At this point, the two lines are unified. Putting forward that you want to start a career is like a ripe melon, full of pregnancy.

Summarize the former meaning, the whole article. Before the end of the article, put the two meanings of teacher and suggestion together. On the one hand, it is suggested that "I hope your majesty will entrust it with the effect of recruiting thieves to save the nation, and if it doesn't work, I will punish it", on the other hand, it is also suggested that "your majesty should ask for help, consult a good prescription and judge your words". Zhuge Liang took the initiative to accept the task, saying that if he failed in his duty, he would be punished to show the principle of justice. Finally, I was not at ease, and earnestly warned the first major "deep pursuit of the posthumous edict of the first emperor." When the first emperor was dying, he instructed the second emperor: "Don't do it with small evils, don't do it with small goodness." Only virtue and virtue can serve others. "Finally, we returned to the issue of" opening a shrine ",which shows the relationship between Ming Xiu's internal affairs and the victory or defeat of the Northern Expedition. This also communicates the internal relationship between the first two parts.

The text ends with "I should be far away now, but I don't know what I said", and my voice is choked with tears, with rich feelings, diligent attitude as it is now, and honest and childlike.

"He died before he could conquer." Unfortunately, Zhuge Liang died first after his trip failed, and later generations felt a lot about it. Du Fu once wrote: "The three summonses put state affairs first, and the second generation takes sincerity. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. " (Book of Scholarship) In the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned and sang "Or Be a Model", and the ghosts and gods cried heroically. "(Song Zhengqi) Lu You mentioned the" teacher's watch "many times:" The teacher's watch is a guide to the past and the present, and it looks at it more carefully at midnight. " (I was in a book when I was sick) "Introduction to Millennium" ("You Zhuge Wuhou Taiwan"), "Who will continue the introduction" ("Singing at the Age of 72") and "List of Excellent Teachers" cannot be deleted. ("Feeling"), "Introduction" is a real name, and it can't compare with anyone in a thousand years. "In short, this" model "has always been loved by people because of its deep affection and kindness to send calligraphy, loyalty to the liver and bravery.

It is no accident that the model can be written now. These items are all useful. When the Northern Expedition was just around the corner, Zhuge Liang, as commander in chief, wanted to make a statement to the monarch, not as a routine, but from the overall situation of the Northern Expedition. Only by cultivating politics can the late ruler ensure the smooth northern expedition, so he advanced his words and expressed his determination to win. The epigraph also attaches great importance to the characteristics of the recipient, so it is by no means a generalization, but a fusion of discussion, narration and lyricism to enlighten stupidity. Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of the late Lord and the object of "trusting the orphans". It is inappropriate for him to write an article to the late teacher in a reproachful tone or humble voice. It is appropriate to write neither humble nor supercilious. In particular, it is most appropriate to call the first emperor in the article. The full text says that the first emperor has been there thirteen times, which shows that the love story is very sincere. Zhuge Liang told himself that "the first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to do great things when I was on the verge of collapse", and it was true that "Zhuge was cautious all his life." The meticulous display of this article, from the consideration of things to the wording, embodies the spirit of "caution", which is also an important reason why this table is called "Wen Zhi".