Exploration on the design idea of landscape bridge scheme?

With the development of urban construction, bridges, as a special carrier of urban landscape, have increasingly become a window for people to understand regional history and culture, and their landscape design has also been valued by local construction units.

In the initial stage of scheme design, most bridge designers focus on the aesthetic effect of the bridge itself, or start with the natural landscape around the bridge site, and strive to coordinate with the surrounding landscape. But sometimes the design results can't meet the requirements of the owners.

Based on the whole process of Jixi landscape bridge design, starting from the overall urban planning, combined with local natural and cultural characteristics, combined with the natural landscape around the bridge site and the aesthetic composition of the bridge itself, the idea of scheme design is put forward.

Figure 1- Existing Bridges and Characteristic Buildings

2 Project background

The two bridges involved in this paper are located in Jixi County, Anhui Province, and cross the Yangtze River, the mother river of Jixi.

Among them, Hechuan Bridge is the eastern end of the county planning landscape avenue (Longchuan Avenue), the west bank is the planning new city, and the east is adjacent to the natural mountain Lingshan.

Gu Lin Bridge is located in the north of the old town. It is a footbridge connecting residents on both sides of the Yangtze River, with the old city in the southwest and Zitong Mountain in the northeast.

Technical standards for bridges:

Planned revetment width:100m;

Design flood level: 16 1.4m (Hechuan Bridge)

168.2m (Gu Lin Bridge)

Bridge deck width: 25m (Hechuan Bridge)

7.5m (Gu Lin Bridge)

Load grade: Class B city (Hechuan Bridge)

The crowd load is 3.5kN/m2 (Gu Lin Bridge).

3 Bridge scheme design

In the scheme design of two bridges, a systematic scheme design idea of "project preparation-project design process-project evaluation" was put forward, and good results were achieved.

3. 1 Prepare

3. 1. 1 Understand the local natural, cultural and folk characteristics.

Jixi County, located in Anhui Province, belongs to ancient Huizhou area, and now belongs to Xuancheng City, adjacent to Huangshan Scenic Area. The county is adjacent to the tourist cities Shexian and Huangshan in the south; Tianmu Mountain in the east enters Zhejiang.

Jixi is a charming mountain city, and its beauty is deep and concrete, which is reflected in its rock town charm, humanistic charm, rural charm and local charm.

1) The charm of Yi Yan

Jixi is adjacent to Tianmu Mountain in the east and Huangshan Mountain in the west. The mountains are steep and the vegetation is dense and lush; There is often dense fog on the mountain, and the white wall tile emblem is dotted among them, just like a natural ink painting.

Dengyuan River and Yangzhishui in Jixi are the mother rivers of Jixi people. They gathered in the village to build a glorious history.

2) Humanistic charm

Jixi is one of the birthplaces of Huizhou culture, leaving many valuable cultural and architectural heritages: Huizhou opera, Huizhou cuisine, Huizhou ink, Huizhou carving, Huizhou paper and Huizhou customs; White walls, tiles, horse head walls, and scattered door covers.

In Jixi, a large number of literati emerged, leaving many memorial archways and ancestral temples with a long history (Figure 1).

3. 1.2 Understand the overall urban planning and the corresponding detailed regulations.

Jixi put forward in the latest round of urban master plan:

1) Adhere to the "characteristic principle", fully tap the natural ecological characteristics and historical and cultural characteristics of Jixi, and shape a city with local characteristics.

2) Jixi County, as a key tourist attraction, insists on "Huizhou culture" as the main body, highlights local characteristics and shapes Huizhou tourism brand.

3. 1.3 Understand the existing architectural style and bridge style of the town.

Architectural style: Yizhi Street is a typical example of the combination of modern architecture and ancient Huizhou architecture.

Revetment landscape: the revetment landscape of Yangzhishui is quite large, mainly reflecting Jixi landscape culture.

Bridge style: There are many types of bridges in Jixi County, among which arch bridge, simply supported stone slab bridge, diagonal wooden bridge, covered bridge and pavilion bridge are the majority.

Ancient arch bridges were mostly single-span stone arch bridges; Modern long-span arch bridges are mainly three-hole solid-web arch bridges or hollow arch bridges.

The latter types of bridges are mostly used for pedestrian bridges, among which the oblique wooden bridge has the most local characteristics and rich folklore.

3. 1.4 Understand the bridge culture and style of the river where the bridge is located.

Both bridges are bridges on the Yangtze River in Jixi County. It is necessary to understand the types of upstream and downstream bridges near the bridge site and sort out and coordinate the river bridge culture.

There are ***4 bridges across the Yangtze River in the county, including two Gu Lin bridges in the north, namely simply supported railway bridge and simply supported beam bridge; There are two arch bridges between Gu Lin Bridge and He Chuan Bridge, namely hollow arch bridge and solid arch bridge:

3. 1.5 Understand the natural environment where the bridge is located and the surrounding humanistic building environment.

1) He Chuan Bridge: The west bank of the bridge is a residential area in the new urban area, with a relatively compact building height of about 25m. The east coast is close to Lingshan, and the bridge head is only 120m away from the foot of the mountain. The banks of the Yangtze River are riverside landscape belts. At the same time, the upstream of the bridge is Yangliucun solid arch bridge, which is about 1000m apart.

2) Gu Lin Bridge: There are residential buildings on both sides of Gu Lin Bridge, surrounded by mountains in the northeast and north of the bridge, with green water gurgling, ancient trees standing on the shore and beautiful ecological scenery.

The bridge site is about 400m north of anhui-jiangxi railway Bridge and provincial highway bridge, and the downstream is about 500 m east gate hollow arch bridge. The banks of the Yangtze River are riverside landscape belts.

3. 1.6 Understand the traffic nature and function orientation of the road where the bridge is located.

Bridges should not only meet the functional requirements of the structure, but also have more and more obvious influence on the surrounding natural and social environment.

1) Hechuan Bridge: This bridge is located on Longchuan Avenue in the county landscape belt and is the main window of Jixi to the outside world.

2) Gu Lin Bridge: It is a pedestrian bridge as well as a non-motor vehicle bridge, which mainly connects the lives of residents on both sides of the Yangtze River.

3. 1.7 Understand the design boundary conditions and construction conditions of the bridge.

The understanding of this content is mainly to ensure that the bridge scheme can be implemented in the later stage. In addition, the design boundary conditions, such as the slopes on both sides, the requirements for river clearance, and the requirements for the longitudinal slope of the bridge, have a great influence on whether the structural proportion is coordinated and whether the alignment is beautiful, which needs to be seriously considered in the scheme stage.

3.2 Design process

3.2. 1 Establish the design concept in combination with the preliminary preparation.

The design of bridge should be combined with road system and landscape system, infiltrated with urban land, and become a space for cultural exchange, gathering and innovation.

The bridge scheme naturally blends with green mountains and green waters and white walls and tiles, inheriting the cultural heritage of the emblem and showing the landscape characteristics. Combined with the overall urban planning, the design theme of "brilliant continuation of charm Jixi" is put forward.

3.2.2 Determine the applicable bridge type and optimize the structural system.

This stage is mainly based on a lot of preparatory work in the early stage, closely surrounding the design theme, and puts forward the applicable types of bridge design.

Figure 2- Scheme of Hechuan Bridge

Figure 3- Gu Lin Bridge Scheme

Table 1 and Table 2 show several applicable bridge types of the two bridges.

After the bridge type is basically determined, it is necessary to compare and demonstrate the bridge span ratio, structural height and structural alignment for many times according to the bridge design boundary conditions and bridge geometric aesthetics, and finally determine the structural size of the scheme.

Structural detail design

Detail design in landscape bridges is particularly important. Many bridges are poorly designed in detail, and the final result gives people a feeling of shoddy construction. On the contrary, the detailed description can make up for some shortcomings of the overall design to a great extent, and play the role of finishing touch.

Both bridge schemes have actively integrated local cultural characteristics in the detailed description, and achieved good results.

1) Recommended Scheme of Hechuan Bridge (Figure 2)

This scheme is intended to combine bridges with mountains and rivers to create an ink painting Jixi, so the following techniques are mainly used in the detailed description:

A. On the facade treatment, the convergent line treatment method is introduced, and the flange variable cross-section adopts step transition;

B. The decoration of pier facade introduces the architectural form of horse head wall;

C. In the treatment of bridge color, white is the keynote, blue-gray is adopted to emphasize the width of structural outer wheel, and decal technology is adopted.

D. The railings are stone railings, highlighting the characteristics of local emblem carving.

The whole scheme is like a painted tile that blends into the green mountains and green waters, which makes people deeply understand the charm of Jixi in ink painting, and shows the cultural precipitation while satisfying the traffic function!

2) Recommended scheme of Gu Lin Bridge (Figure 3)

There are "small bridges and flowing water families" everywhere in Jixi Shuiqu Bridge, and oblique wooden bridges can be seen everywhere. This scheme takes Jixi skew wooden bridge as a model to form an ecological and natural landscape painting with the landscape:

A. The pier is designed with two columns inclining inward, and the continuous plate beam is supported on the pier cap beam.

B. Modern concrete materials replace wood to enhance structural stability and give new vitality to the ancient bridge.

C, modifying the concrete facade into a wood texture.

D the railings are made of wooden fences, and the lights are located inside the stumps protruding from the bridge deck.

E the plane design of the bridge is arc, which is more natural and light.

Quote a poem by Jixi poet Wang Jingzhi to summarize the bridge scheme:

Surrounded by mountains on three sides, a green water plays the piano.

The beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers makes me naive and childlike.

3.3 Project evaluation

At present, these two bridges have been completed and put into use, which basically realized the original idea, gained good social response and became local landmark buildings.

4 conclusion

With more and more attention paid to bridge landscape design, bridge designers are often in a relatively blind state in the initial stage of scheme design. Bridge design is often limited to the aesthetic effect of the structure itself and the coordination with the surrounding environment, ignoring the systematic scheme design ideas and the guiding role of the overall urban planning.

Through the design of two landscape bridges in Jixi, the design idea of landscape bridge scheme is put forward. This paper puts forward a systematic design idea of "project preparation-project design process-project evaluation", hoping to help landscape bridge designers.

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