Sandy culture of Enshi city

I have always been attracted by the rich history and culture of Shadi Township in Enshi City. Shadi Township is surrounded by water (Baxi River, Qingjiang River, and Mashui River) to the east, south, and west. It is adjacent to National Highway 318 and the Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway to the north. The ancient pedestrian path along the Qingjiang River runs through the entire territory. It is a cornucopia of history and culture. An ancient road, two people, three ancient markets, four mountains, and five rivers constitute a cultural sandy land with beautiful mountains and clear waters and outstanding people. In ancient times, the Ba people traveled up the Qingjiang River and opened up a pedestrian avenue along the Qingjiang River. The sandy land became an important part of the ancient highway from Shizhou to Jingzhou.

There is another Bayan Ancient Road passing through the sandy land, starting from Hefeng Zhongying, passing through stone kilns and red soil, passing through Xindu Dam, and entering through Huajian, Sandi, Huangguangtian, Nanlidu, Baiyang, and Taiyang Rivers. Yunyang. The tomb of Zhu Zhenbang (1723-1792) in Huang Guangtian's Lion Mountain records: Yu Zu served as a salt merchant in the Imperial Academy and traveled to and from Chengdu. In the middle, he built his own town and became a disciple of Enshi. He worked diligently and started a business in a wide range of industries... From Jianyi to Chengdu, he traveled thousands of miles back and forth. The rocks are hidden, the waves are rough, the boat is going up and down, fate and nature are fighting for power, and what's more, salt matters are very important, and they are subject to lawsuits and official punishments. Merchants make profits, and their clever names are sold, while porters and shipowners are full of tricks. This is not a book in the Ming Dynasty. In order to achieve contingency, who can take risks and be cautious, and be cautious and cautious... It was established on the 11th day of the twelfth month of Bingyin in the fifth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty.

There are also six pedestrian thoroughfares between the four counties of Enshi, Xuanen, Hefeng and Jianshi, passing through Damayi, Huangcaopo, Renshanling, Mudutan, Hefengkou, Maitushang, etc. in Shadi. Laodukou, Luodu, Chehe, Huangjiaya, Yutankou and other places.

The ancient road has relatively complete preservation of the stone road and a large number of road construction steles, ferry steles, as well as place names such as shops and stores. Xiang Xietang (1865-1904) was a native of Longjiao Village, Shadi Township. In the fifteenth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1889), Catholic missionaries opened a Catholic church in Saudi Arabia. On July 17, the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1904), the French missionary Bishop Dexi visited Shadi, and he was accompanied by priests Dexixian, Dong Mingde and Christian Jia Qingcheng. When passing by the flower quilt, the farmer Xiang Xinyuan stood by the roadside out of curiosity, wanting to see the appearance of the foreign bishop. Jia Qingqing, a parishioner, thought he had blasphemed the bishop, so he slapped him several times and threatened to send him to the county court. After apologizing to Xinyuan, Jia Qingcheng still made things difficult in every possible way. The onlookers were very angry. Under the leadership of Xiang Xietang, they reasoned with Dexi Saint. During the argument, they pushed and scuffled with each other, and killed French Bishop Dexi Saint on the spot. Seven people, including priests De Xixian, Dong Mingde, and parishioner Jia Qingcheng, burned down the church artifacts and the houses of parishioners including Li Jiabing.

After the teaching incident, 10 people including Xiang Xietang were arrested by the Qing government and killed in Enshi, Yichang and other places. The people in western Hubei admired Xiang Xietang's heroic spirit in opposing imperialism and compiled "Song of Xietang": "In the first month, Xietang was full of joy, Xietang was training troops and making guns, and the Qing soldiers were like sifting chaff"; "In June, the fog was thick, Bishops and priests go to the killing ground, woe to see the king of hell."

On September 30, China and France signed the "Articles of Agreement on the Shi Nan Mission Project". The Qing government "compensated for losses" with 145,000 taels of silver and built two more churches within a year. The Shadi Catholic Church and Xiang Xietang Tomb are located in Shadi Market Town and Longjiao Village respectively. They were announced as cultural relics protection units by the provincial government in 2008.

Liu Zunwu, a member of the Tutu Hall in Shadi, accepted Han brothers and poor people from all over the country in the name of learning opera together in the Tutu Hall. With the slogan "Brothers, conquer the world", they made swords and spears, made earthen cannons, made gunpowder, and developed secret armed forces. In the winter of 1917, Liu Zunwu led more than a thousand people to attack Enshi City. In Guanpo, he used earthen artillery to blast the east gate tower, blowing off a corner of the city gate and destroying several city walls. After landing on the dam, they tried to open a gap, but were shot by the armed fast-gun team of the merchant group in the city. The flag bearer was killed, and Liu's tribe fled in all directions. Liu Zunwu fled to Sancha before getting rid of the pursuit of the merchant group. After that, Liu Zunwu withdrew to the Hefeng, Sangzhi, and Fengjie areas. In early 1920, Liu Zunwu returned to his hometown and used the Shouting Cave under Huazui Rock in Xintang Mountain as a base to seek revenge. In early June, he was captured by Jiao Bu of the Second Division of the Jingguo Army and went to Enshi. He was soon killed on the river beach outside the east gate. . Shadi is one of the five rural markets formed in Enshi during the Ming Dynasty. It is said that the Meng surname was the first to come here, build thatched houses and open up wasteland for farming in the northeast of today's market town. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, people surnamed Huang came to Shadi and built houses in the center of today's market town, and the market town gradually formed. In 1990, "Enshi City Supply and Marketing Business Chronicle" recorded: "Shashadi was developed by the Meng family in the 13th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1380), and the surname Huang was Jianji", "More than 30 households, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 were Field period". Until the 1940s, a neat straight street was formed, with more than 20 shops selling salt, homespun cloth, tobacco, wine, and small general merchandise. Merchants from Sichuan, Hunan, Jingzhou and other places often came here to do business. In 1952, a fire destroyed the market, and in 1954, a traditional wooden structure with hanging eaves was rebuilt.

Maizitu Shang is one of the five rural markets formed in Enshi during the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Huang came here and planted a piece of wheat in the flat land southwest of today's market town. It was named Maizi Tushang. It was also called Swan because of the terrain of Maizi Tushang. A trading point was established on a mountain pass 1.5 kilometers southwest of today's market town. Later, Maizi Tushang gradually formed a small street. People moved the trading point to the street and called the original trading point Laochang. The ruins still exist today.

Huajian is a village square 300 meters northwest of Shadi Market Town. It was the original material trading point, and some old houses and slate yards are now preserved.

In the 15th year of the Republic of China, Tan Shuyong, the leader of the Huabian Tuan, proposed that ten households including Xiang Hengfeng, Xiang Jingcheng, and Zhu Tongyi buy land in Huabian, unify the design, unify the standards, divide it into sections, and build houses by households. , forming a straight street 100 meters long from east to west and 5 meters wide and a 50-meter long side street. It has a grain store, a pig market, an inn, and a restaurant. The shops mainly sell local handicraft products such as ironware, copperware, pottery, woodware, bambooware, gold and silver jewelry and other commodities. There were frequent exchanges of merchants, laborers, and mule and horse teams. There is an ancient bridge on the street.

Most of the main buildings on Huabianzhi Street have preserved their original appearance. They are all wooden columns, purlins, rafters and cloth tile structures. The bay is 4 meters, the depth is 7.5 meters, and the fan has nine columns (five columns and four cavalry) and eleven The purlin has a ridge height of 6.3 meters, and the eaves on both sides are 1.2 meters apart. Several eaves pavilions still exist, and the shop facades are intact. There are many new buildings on the side streets, and the length and width of the streets remain the same. Baiyanzhai is located on the north bank of Qingjiang River, 2.5 kilometers southwest from Shadi Market Town. It is a limestone wall with a length of 320 meters, a height of 200 meters and an altitude of 1590 meters. It is the commanding height of the sandy land and its geographical location is very important. The "Enshi County Place Names Chronicle" in 1983 recorded: "During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the White Lotus Rebellion Army marched westward to Sichuan. Passing here, they saw that the rock wall was steep and it was advantageous to hold on. It naturally formed the trend of 'one man can guard the pass, and ten thousand men cannot open it'. That is to say, they set up camp under the cliff, and dug a horizontal trench about 3 meters wide and 750 meters long from the lower half of the rock wall. They sent troops to guard it and control the east, south and west. It can be said that 'Pingshan is as high as a military state since ancient times'. Because the rock walls are white, people call it Baiyan Village. "During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Zhengtong, a native of Lianghekou in Jiangxia, fled to Shadi after the failure of the Qinjiayao Bailian Sect uprising. He recruited troops and regrouped. 40 followers took refuge here. The officers and soldiers rounded up and resisted for several months. Later, the officers and soldiers blocked the entrance of the cave with stones and attacked them with fire, killing all of them. The ruins in the cave still exist.

Yufeng Mountain is located 4 kilometers east of Shadiji Town, with an altitude of 800 meters. It is composed of three independent peaks. The Jade Emperor Temple was originally built on the highest peak, and the Yufeng Academy was originally built in the temple. There are stone steps on the mountainside. The stairs spiral up, and there is a pavilion on each of the three peaks, named Jinding.

Renshan Ridge, also known as Renshan Mountain, is located at the foot of Laoxiong Slope, 5 kilometers south of Shadiji Town, with an altitude of 800 meters. The peaks are aligned with the slopes, but the slopes are invisible when viewed from a distance. One peak is as tall as a human figure, hence the name. There is a small stream behind the mountain ridge, and it faces the Qingjiang River in front. The two rivers are surrounded by each other, making it difficult to attack. "Enshi County Chronicles·Historical Sites" recorded in Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty records: "Renshan is at the foot of Laoxiong Slope in Chongning. Looking from the slope, the peaks are aligned with the slope. As far as ten or twenty miles away, they are invisible. One peak towers like a human figure. The rebels went to the tomb of Neng's ancestors in Yan, near Juandong in Rongjiao Village. There was a woman's figure with a stone orifice in the village. There was a daughter of the Liao family who was also talented in martial arts and could marry her. In the Chenghua period, they rebelled against the second surname of Liao and plundered her. Wu built all the counties and fought against the soldiers many times. In the fifth year of Zhengde's reign, he commanded Tong Chang to attack and capture dozens of the evildoers. The stone orifice of Juandongzhai is dug into the back of the mountain, and the thunder is repeated, especially the interaction between heaven and man."

Longjiao Mountain looks to the south of the Qingjiang River, and there are more than a dozen of them extending from the halfway slope. It consists of independent and towering limestone pillars and two undulating white rock walls on the east and west. The main peak is 1,412 meters above sea level. More than 600 years ago, the ancestors surnamed Huang discovered that this location is like a corner of the city wall. Viewed from the east and west sides, the stone pillars stand upright in the mountain like dragon horns. According to legend, the two rock walls in the northeast and southwest are the incarnations of two green dragons after they met. The mountain where the two walls are connected is where the dragon's head appears. People praised this place as an auspicious place and named it Longjiao Mountain. To the northwest of the mountain is the Big Flower. The southeast part is the small perianth, which is collectively called the dragon horn perianth. At the foot of the mountain are the former sites of Dazhaibao and Xiaozhaibao where the Bailian Rebel Army once set up camp.

Longjiao Mountain and Rongjiao Mountain face each other across the Qingjiang River. The scenery on both sides of the Qingjiang River is picturesque. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, the Xiang and Liao families in Rongjiao Village rebelled, and the imperial court sent troops to suppress them. During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, the villagers of Rongjiao rebelled, and the commander Tong Chang suppressed the rebellion. Guangxi rebelled, and commanded Tong Chang to lead the Rongjiao native soldiers with meritorious service. In the first lunar month of the tenth year of Yongli in the Ming Dynasty (1656), the prince of the puppet Jing Kingdom came to visit Rongjiao Village. In 1659, he burned the acropolis and drove the local people into Rongjiao. The governors of Hu and Sichuan called for peace twice, but they refused to listen and killed their envoys. . In 1664, fear was about to subside. In the first month of 1665, Wang Guanxing drove the Shi people out of the mountains and went to Jingzhou to beg for surrender. The Qingjiang River was named Yishui in ancient times. It passes through Enshi from west to east, and flows into the sandy area from the Sancha Fenshui River. It passes through Liuchi Village, Huabeng Village, Nanmu Village, and Luodu Village, and enters Jianshi at Fengsiling in the south. The total length of the territory is 25 kilometer. In 2008, the water storage in the Shuibuya reservoir area reached 390 meters, and the waters within the area are in the form of high gorges and flat lakes with vast expanse of blue waves.

Mashui River originates from Jianshi Tiechangping, flows from north to south from Nanlidu to Yutankou in the township, passes through Huangguangtian Village and Qiumu Village, and merges into Qingjiang River at the foot of Guishan Mountain, with a total length of 12.5 kilometers. In 2009, after the Laodukou Power Station impounded 485 meters of water, overlooking the river, the sky and water were the same color.

The Baxi River originates from Cuiba Maotianping, flows from west to east through Ma Tian, ??enters the sandy land, passes through the tea garden slope of Hefengkou, and joins the Tuanbei River in Jianshi County at Sanxikou, then turns southeast through the sandy land. It goes from Di Piao Long and Luo Du to Feng Fuling Rock Root and merges into Qingjiang River. The river flows through the mouth of Sanxi. There is a rock here that is shaped like a human chin, hence the name.

The Qiaotou River originates from Xiangjiawan, Nanmuyuan Village, Shadi Township, passes through Leech Creek and Daonong Dam, and flows into the Qingjiang River. During the Anti-Japanese War, father and son Li Kaiwen and Li Shengyuan from Hunan opened channels in Qingcaotang to divert water from the Qiaotou River. They used water energy to make paper, press oil, and process grain. They were the first water energy processing in the country.

The Shualongba River originates from Zuisangou in Maitushang Village, passes through Huangjiwuchang and Shuolongba and enters Cuiba.

Shuulongba is surrounded by mountains and has a beautiful shape, like a playing lantern dragon. The river is clear, and Tujia stilt houses are built along the river, with graceful eaves and corners.

There are five ferry crossings on the Qingjiang River in Shadi: Damayi, Xinduba, Mudutang, Zhonghe River and Guishan River. There are two ferry crossings on the Mashui River: Yutankou and Laodukou.

The sandy land belongs to the limestone area, the secondary mineral is black gravel, and the soil contains many rock sand fragments, hence the name sandy land.

There are many records in the historical records about the landscape, temples, monuments, figures, military affairs and other items in the sandy area, which are rare among the towns in Enshi City