Research report on migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses

Comprehensively understand the basic situation of migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses in the county, and correctly guide migrant workers to return to their hometowns for employment. The following is a research report I compiled on the return of migrant workers to their hometowns for entrepreneurship. You are welcome to read it!

In order to find out the employment and entrepreneurship situation of migrant workers who have returned to their hometowns in Xishui County, and to better provide employment and entrepreneurship development for migrant workers who have returned to their hometowns. To provide high-quality services, Xishui combined with the actual work, conducted statistical data analysis and investigated the situation of returning migrant workers in each village for Donghuang, Tucheng, Malin, Xianyuan and other towns. The research results are now published in "Government Affairs Information" for reference only.

1. The current situation and characteristics of migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses in Xishui County

(1) Basic situation

Xishui County is a large agricultural county. It governs 24 towns and towns with a population of 730,000, including an agricultural population of 660,000, and is rich in labor resources. The rural working-age population is about 380,000, and there are about 180,000 migrant workers all year round. The county has a total of nearly 56,000 migrant workers who have returned home, accounting for 35% of the total migrant workers. As of the end of June 2015, more than 25,000 migrant workers from Xishui have started their own businesses. The businesses mainly include planting, breeding, and self-employment. In the process of starting their own businesses, they raised more than 1 billion yuan in self-funded funds and borrowed money from the credit department. More than 30 million yuan.

(2) Analysis of the characteristics of migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses

Most of the entrepreneurs who return to their hometowns are young and middle-aged people. We conducted a survey on 50 migrant workers who returned to their hometowns to start businesses. From the survey results, we found that migrant workers in the age group of 30-45 have accumulated considerable surplus funds and mastered certain professional skills after years of hard work. , work with ease in technology, and thrive in interpersonal relationships and social networks. The most important thing is that their ideas and concepts are no longer conservative and backward after external experience, and they have the intention to stand up and start their own businesses. When they have the "right time, right place and right people" - sufficient entrepreneurial conditions, a sound entrepreneurial foundation, and a good entrepreneurial environment, returning home to start a business will be born smoothly. For example, people such as Feng Shiliang from Huangmuping Village in Donghuang Town, Chen Zongyi from Fulong Village, and Wang Chenglin from Damba Village each worked outside for four to five years and used the experience and technology they learned abroad to invest hundreds of thousands to millions. Without waiting, he returned to his hometown to set up home appliance production companies, beef cattle breeding plants, peach cultivation, rural tourism, etc., and successively resettled and promoted more than 570 rural laborers to start businesses and find employment, becoming an outstanding example of returning home to start a business.

Those who return to their hometowns to start businesses are small in scale and have a single structure, focusing on the secondary and tertiary industries. Through investigation, it was found that most of the enterprises founded by migrant workers returning home are small-scale enterprises, which mainly rely on their own surplus funds and funds from relatives and friends, and most of them invest 100,000 to 500,000 yuan. Among the 567 micro-enterprises developed in the county, 294 returned migrant workers accounted for 51.85% of the entrepreneurial types. In terms of business types, there are 265 sole proprietorships, 26 limited companies, and 3 partnerships. In terms of industry types, Look, there are 22 households engaged in the catering industry, 122 households engaged in the processing industry, 55 households engaged in wholesale and retail industries, 42 households engaged in the breeding and breeding industry, 10 households engaged in the accommodation industry, and 43 households engaged in other industries.

The economic benefits of returning home to start a business are obvious, but the stability is poor. Although most returning migrant workers have a higher education level than ordinary farmers, most of them are low-educated talents who have graduated from middle school and high school. They only have working experience and mostly master production technology. They have not received corresponding professional training in entrepreneurial skills. There is a problem in returning to their hometown to start a business. Some blindness, not knowing how to conduct market analysis and product positioning, and the ability to prevent risks are even more lacking in business management, resulting in obvious economic benefits but poor stability in the early stages of self-employment. According to data surveys, the initial average annual income of migrant workers who return to their hometowns to start their own businesses is between RMB 50,000 and RMB 100,000, usually lasting 2 to 3 years. However, there are also successful entrepreneurs whose income can reach around RMB 200,000 to RMB 300,000, which is similar to those who go out to start their own businesses. Compared with local employment, the income from migrant work is relatively high. In the past two years, the average annual income of migrant workers has been around 50,000 yuan, and the income from on-site employment has been between 20,000 and 30,000 yuan.

The service work is not in place. Affected by publicity and other public services, migrant workers have not been able to learn in time about the relevant preferential policies for returning to their hometowns to start businesses, and very few can enjoy them. Take the small-amount guaranteed loan policy to promote entrepreneurship as an example. The migrant workers in Xishui who returned to their hometowns to start businesses accounted for less than 20% of those who applied for loans. None of them enjoyed the one-time entrepreneurship subsidy or job subsidy, and they were not even aware of it. Such preferential policies. The intensity and breadth of policy propaganda needs to be strengthened.

2. Analysis of reasons for migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses and economic and social benefits

(1) Reasons for returning to their hometowns to start businesses

Most migrant workers return to their hometowns and choose to work in The reasons for employment in hometowns can be roughly divided into four categories: first, because there are elders and younger children at home, and no one can take care of them, so they give up the opportunity to work outside in order to take care of the family and choose to return to their hometowns for employment; second, because the number of college graduates continues to rise, and their own The level of vocational skills, knowledge and culture is low and cannot meet the employment needs of modern enterprises, resulting in an extremely severe employment situation for migrant workers. A large number of migrant workers have returned home because they could not find jobs. Third, coordinated urban and rural development has accelerated, and the local entrepreneurial environment has continued to improve.

In recent years, Xishui County's economy has shown a development trend of better quality, faster speed, and greater stamina. The development environment has continued to improve, activating the local labor market, effectively driving the growth of local employment, and providing rural labor forces close to the place. Transfers provide room for absorption. Fourth, as a major labor export county, there are a large number of migrant workers who have been working abroad for a long time. Through hard work, they have mastered certain skills and accumulated considerable income. At present, although the wage level of migrant workers in this county is on average 300-500 yuan lower than that of other developed provinces, cities and regions, after deducting the transportation, rent and other costs of employment outside, the actual income level of local migrant workers is basically the same as that of employment outside. In addition, returning to your hometown to start a business or find a job locally allows you to take care of your family, and it is easy to establish social connections.

(2) Analysis of economic and social benefits

In recent years, the Xishui County Party Committee and *** have insisted on accelerating the promotion of entrepreneurship for all as a major issue to ensure growth, people's livelihood, and stability. , build a platform for returning home to start a business, strengthen the county's economic strength, and broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income. As of June 2015, Xishui County had 400 new private enterprises and 1,035 individual industrial and commercial households. Among them, 473 migrant workers returned to their hometowns to establish various entities, with more than 850 entrepreneurs and an output value of 260 million yuan, driving resettlement. The surplus rural labor force employs more than 6,000 people, driving the rapid development of the county economy.

3. Achievements

(1) There are clear priority preferential policies, which stimulate the enthusiasm of migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses

County Party Committee*** Specialized The "Implementation Opinions of Xishui County on Supporting Migrant Workers Returning to Their Hometowns to Start Businesses" was issued, clarifying the work goals and tasks of each township (district), and requiring the County Party Committee Organization Department, County Federation of Trade Unions, County Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, relevant county financial institutions and other departments to Integrating resources to ensure the implementation of policies and the development of work, various departments have provided ***12 priority preferential policies based on actual conditions to support migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses. All towns (districts) have implemented projects for migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses. The plan uses the advantages of industrial development and park construction to cultivate demonstration households that return to their hometowns to start businesses. Through the demonstration households, other migrant workers are driven to return to their hometowns to start businesses and find employment. The number of migrant workers who return to their hometowns to start businesses and find employment accounts for 20% of the number of migrant workers in the labor force. As mentioned above, the county has set off an upsurge of migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses.

(2) The demonstration effect of migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses is obvious

Each township (district) combined with industrial development and park construction has cultivated demonstration households for migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses. The types of demonstration households are mainly large households that develop farming in conjunction with county poverty alleviation projects and county agriculture and animal husbandry bureau planting projects; demonstration households such as agricultural product processing enterprises, handmade manufacturing enterprises, and service industries developed in conjunction with the construction of industrial parks. These demonstration households It has fully played its role in attracting and accepting employment of migrant workers, and is driving migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses.

(3) Relevant departments have taken the initiative and actively participated to promote the work of migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses

Relevant functional departments that have introduced priority preferential policies and services responsible for project approval The departments have gone deep into various towns (districts) to actively connect with each other, find the focus of work, and provide services for migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses, which has played a great role in promoting the work.

4. Difficulties and existing problems faced by migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses

(1) The government service environment needs to be further optimized, and there is still a certain gap between the services provided by the department and the needs of the people. The gaps

are mainly reflected in: First, the difficulty of obtaining administrative licenses still restricts the development of entrepreneurship. It is manifested in the emphasis on approval but not supervision, emphasis on management but not service, emphasis on fees but not education, and phenomena such as difficulty in getting things done, slowness in getting things done, and spring doors still exist to varying degrees. Some functional departments and staff still have insufficient understanding, inadequate work, and problems of "eating, taking, getting stuck, and asking for things." It often takes a lot of time, money and energy for returning migrant workers to apply for administrative licenses to start their own businesses. Some even fail to obtain the licenses for more than half a year. Obtaining administrative licenses is expensive because some administrative licenses need to be evaluated by intermediaries. However, intermediary agencies are for-profit units and charge relatively high valuation fees, causing some companies to spend thousands or tens of thousands of yuan to obtain valuation data. Entrepreneurs complained about this, which affected the production and operation of the company. Entrepreneurial passion for entrepreneurship. Second, the problem of difficulty in obtaining land use approval for enterprises cannot be solved well. Difficulty in land use has always been a bottleneck restricting the entrepreneurial development of returning migrant workers. In order for the entrepreneurship of returned migrant workers to develop and grow, they must expand the scale of production and add more workers. However, it is also difficult to obtain land. During the investigation, we learned that Wang Fuyi of Guanping Village had stalled the agricultural cooperative he led farmers to establish due to land approval issues. Third, it is difficult to connect priority preferential policies. 12 priority preferential policies have been introduced, but there is no convenient and quick procedure to enjoy the preferential policies. It is difficult for migrant workers to apply for them and implement them. Migrant workers are skeptical about the reliability of the policies. In particular, preferential policies provided by the county government, such as rural tourism incentive funds for which the tourism bureau is specifically responsible, entrepreneurial discount incentive funds, etc., the department’s explanation is that if the county finance does not provide funds, they cannot be honored, which affects the livelihood of migrant workers. Entrepreneurial motivation.

(2) Insufficient entrepreneurial funds and poor financing channels restrict the development of entrepreneurial enterprises returning to their hometowns

According to a survey of returning migrant workers, a large number of them have the intention to start a business. It is estimated that there are nearly 6,000 people in the county who are willing to start a business. Adding in the migrant workers who are willing to start a business among the surplus rural labor force that has not been transferred, it is conservatively estimated that there are at least 10,000 migrant workers in the county who are willing to start a business. In recent years, the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau The loan support policies of , agriculture, financial institutions and other departments have cumulatively supported less than 3,000 people, accounting for only about 30% of those willing to start a business. The initial investment of entrepreneurs who return home mostly relies on the funds accumulated by working abroad. The amount of funds is not large. They lack overall consideration when starting a business and invest in the project at one time. After the development reaches a certain stage, they lack follow-up funds and the ability to prevent risks. For example, Wang Chenglin from Dam Village, Donghuang Town. In 2009, he returned to his hometown and jointly invested more than 700,000 yuan to start a breeding industry. However, a natural disaster destroyed the facility and there was no follow-up funds for construction, leaving it paralyzed to this day. Another example is the "Hongyun Garment Factory" founded by Luo Weicheng in Xianyuan Town, the "Xishui Changyuan Plastic Products Factory" founded by Wang Changyuan in Donghuang Town, etc., etc., etc., are facing suspension of production due to financial difficulties, and are also restricted by the financial system, enterprise scale, and Restricted by credit conditions and other factors, it is very difficult for returning entrepreneurial enterprises to obtain bank loans. They can only rely on high-interest private loans to provide enterprises with the "blood" to maintain production and reproduction. This is costly and burdensome, and sometimes a lot of good things are lost due to lack of funds. business opportunities. Funding problems have become a bottleneck for entrepreneurs who have returned to their hometowns to start businesses that can hardly sustain their development.

(3) The overall quality of entrepreneurs who return home is not high, and entrepreneurship training needs to be strengthened

Most of the migrant workers who return home have entrepreneurial intentions, although they have mastered certain skills and skills when they went out to work. Experience, but lack of professional knowledge in industry and commerce, taxation, finance, management, etc., weak market analysis ability, organizational operation and management ability, lack of independent research and development, technological innovation awareness, difficulty in adapting to the market and controlling the market, resulting in difficulties on the road to entrepreneurship Heavy. Although entrepreneurship training has been organized and carried out in various forms in recent years, the number of participants is small, the training time is short, and it is especially not highly targeted. For example, returning farmers who are engaged in planting and breeding industry, in order to further improve the planting and breeding industry , hoping to provide more comprehensive training in agricultural technology, cultivation, pest control and livestock epidemics based on seasonal characteristics. Those engaged in the catering and hotel service industries also need counterpart training.

(4) Tracking services for migrant workers’ entrepreneurship need to be strengthened

After the introduction of a series of policies in Xishui to support migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses, the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of returning migrant workers has been It has greatly stimulated, especially various micro-enterprises that have sprung up one after another. But even under such favorable conditions, the number of returned migrant workers who signed up to establish micro-enterprises in Xishui County is insignificant compared to the number of micro-enterprises in other counties. The number of micro-enterprises founded by returned migrant workers so far is There are only 294 households. This reveals that we do not care enough about the entrepreneurship work of migrant workers, and our service work has not kept up. This is mainly reflected in the lack of policy publicity and help companies overcome development difficulties.

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