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Yimeng Mountain is a human geography concept, which refers to the Yimeng Mountain District, an old revolutionary area with Mengshan Mountain and Yishui River as regional symbols. It is a famous red tourist attraction. Jinggangshan, Yan'an and Yimeng Mountain were the three most important old revolutionary base areas during the Chinese Revolutionary War. Later, Yimeng was hailed as the "Holy Land of World War II, Red Yimeng" by countless revolutionary descendants. Linyi City, Shandong Province, located in the hinterland of Yimeng Mountain, was the world-famous "Two War Holy Land" during the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation. It is also the political and cultural center of Yimeng Mountain. During the Anti-Japanese War and the Liberation War, it was one of the famous revolutionary bases. It was known as the Holy Land of World War II and Red Yimeng

Yimeng is a magical land and a piece of red fertile soil. In the area around Yimeng Langya, talents have emerged in large numbers since ancient times, with beautiful people and outstanding people. For this reason, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited Shandong and left a poem praising "the beautiful ancient city of Lunan and the many famous people in Langya". He was full of praise for the history of Langya area in Yimeng that produced numerous talents. History has also proven that there are indeed many talents in the Langya area of ??Yimeng. From ancient times to the present, countless sages and wizards were born in Yimeng, a magical fertile land with beautiful bells and spirits, such as the military strategist Zhuge Liang, who is known as the "Sage of Wisdom", and the calligrapher Zhuge Liang. Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, who are known as the "Sages of Calligraphy", Yan Zhitui, the famous educator and author of "Yan Family Instructions", Liu Hong, the astronomer of the Eastern Han Dynasty who is known as the "Sage of Calculation", Wang Xiang, the filial piety saint, and Confucius' disciples are known as It is the hometown of Zengzi, Xunzi, Tanzi, the famous Qin general Meng Tian, ??the Qing Dynasty national heroes Zuo Guogui, Yang Hu, Liu Xie, He Chengtian, and the famous Tang Dynasty calligraphers Yan Zhenqing and Kuang Heng. Confucius had seventy-two wise disciples, thirteen of whom were born in Linyi; the famous twenty-four filial piety, seven of which were in Linyi. They are as bright as stars, shining for thousands of years, twisting and turning

Yishan - the first of the five major towns in China [1] a national forest park and a scenic spot in Shandong Province, with a total area of ??65 square kilometers. Yishan Scenic Spot is 230 kilometers away from Qingdao in the east, close to the provincial highway Yanglin Road; 140 kilometers away from Tai'an in the west, with the west exit connected to Taixue Highway; 150 kilometers away from Linyi City in the south; and 65 kilometers away from Jiqing Expressway in the north, with very good road traffic. convenient. Yishan, known as "Haiyue" in ancient times and "East Taishan", ranks first among the five major mountain towns in China. It has always enjoyed the reputation of "Mount Tai is the lord of the five mountains and Mount Yi is the head of the five towns". It is known as the "Fairy Mountain in Central Shandong". Yishan is a famous cultural mountain with a long history. "Historical Records" records that the Yellow Emperor once ascended Yishan. Shun Zhaozhou closed the mountains and made Yishan an important town. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty personally visited it and ordered the ceremony officials to worship it. In the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, titles were added many times, and the sacrificial rituals were not abolished. Celebrities in the past dynasties admired Yishan and came one after another. Li Bai, Li Daoyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan, Su Shi, Su Che, as well as Ma Yu and Zhao Bingzhong, the champions of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Yong, the Tirenge scholar of the Qing Dynasty, etc. all came here to visit, leaving behind a large number of famous poems and inscriptions on tablets. Mengshan - Chinese History and Culture Famous Mountain

Mengshan has been a famous historical and cultural mountain in China since ancient times. For more than 2,000 years, it has been attracting the attention of literati, emperors and generals. Famous historical mountain - "Daizong's Asia" Mencius said: "Confucius climbed to the east mountain and made Lu small, and climbed to Mount Tai to make the world small." - "Mencius: Chapter 1 of the Heart" Mengshan Mountain has been a famous historical mountain since ancient times. It is the second highest peak in Shandong Province. It is known as the "Ya of Daizong" and is known as "Yadai". Mengshan Mountain is now a national AAAA-level tourist scenic spot and ranks second among the "Top Ten Most Beautiful Places in Shandong". Mengshan Mountain, known as Dongmeng and Dongshan in ancient times, is a branch of the Taiyi Mountain System, spanning the four counties of Mengyin, Feixian, Yinan and Pingyi in Linyi City. The Mengshan Mountains run northwest and southeast, stretching for more than a hundred miles (about 75 kilometers), with a total area of ??1,125 square kilometers. The main peak, Guimengding, is 1,156 meters above sea level and is located in Pingyi County. It is the second highest peak in Shandong Province and is known as the "Adai of Daizong". The natural scenery of Mengshan Mountain is beautiful, combining the majesty of Taishan Mountain, the beauty of Huangshan Mountain, the steepness of Huashan Mountain, and the wonder of Yandang Mountain. Mengshan has distinct four seasons and abundant rainfall. There are more than 1,200 kinds of rare plants, many ancient, rare and special tree species, and the forest coverage rate is as high as 95%. In March 1998, the Environmental Assessment Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences determined that the negative oxygen ion content in the air of Mengshan Mengyinyunmeng Scenic Area was 2.2 million/cubic centimeter, which was 176 times the highest value in the Beijing Ecological Center. It is known as a "natural "Big Oxygen Bar" and "Forest Bathing Beach" provide unique conditions for leisure and recuperation. Mengyin Mengshan National Forest Park was established with the approval of the Forestry Department of the former National Tourism Administration in December 1994. In June 1995, it was listed as a "Provincial Scenic Area" by the Shandong Provincial People's Government. In September 2002, it was awarded the "Provincial Scenic Area" by the Provincial Tourism Bureau. "Top Ten New Attractions in Shandong Province". It is now a national AAAA tourist area. Second place among the “Top Ten Most Beautiful Places in Shandong” In 2005, Mengshan was ranked second among the “Top Ten Most Beautiful Places in Shandong” by Chinese news media and senior experts. The park has a total area of ??55,000 acres and is rich in natural resources. There are wild animals: 15 species of mammals from 10 families, 76 species of birds from 28 families, more than 900 species of plants from more than 100 families, and a forest vegetation coverage rate of more than 95%. It is known as "a hundred miles of forest, a natural classroom". In 1999, the Ecological Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences monitored again and found that the negative ion content in the air in the scenic area was 854,167 per cubic centimeter, 195 times that of Beijing, ranking first in the country, and the highest value ever measured by the center. Known as a "natural oxygen bar" and "super clean area", it has become "China's best green fitness tourist attraction". Mengshan Mountain has been a famous historical and cultural mountain in China since ancient times.

Mengshan during the Warring States Period: "The Book of Songs: Song of Lu" records that "there was a tortoise on the verge of death, so Dadong was desolate"; the "Analects of Confucius" records that King Zhuanyu, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, once presided over the sacrifice of Mengshan. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Mengshan left the footprints of Confucius, Zhuang Zhou, Lao Laizi and Gui Guzi, representatives of Confucianism, Taoism and political strategists. Confucius "climbed Dongshan and Xiaolu", leaving behind relics such as Huimaling, Shengqi Stone, and Xiaolu; Guiguzi once practiced and taught disciples in Mengshan, with more than a hundred disciples, the famous ones include Sun Bin and Pang Juan. my country's earliest regional geography work "Shu Yu Gong" said: "Meng Yu's art." It is believed that as early as the Xia Dynasty, crops were planted in the Mengshan and Yushan belts. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, dozens of sites of Dawenkou Culture, Shandong Longshan Culture, and Yueshi Culture have been discovered in the foothills of Mengshan Mountain, confirming this. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Cheng granted Zhuan Yu the title of "Yang" in Mengshan Mountain to worship Mengshan Mountain. This shows that Mengshan Mountain was already one of the famous mountains in my country at that time. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Doctor Moss of Lu wrote in his ode to the Palace: "The rocks of Mount Tai, as Lu Bang looked, were about to be covered with turtles and turtles, so Dadong was desolate." He regarded the possession of Mount Tai and turtles as the state of Lu. of glory. Mengshan during the Western Zhou and Han Dynasties Cai Yong, a historian of the Han Dynasty, once lived in seclusion in Mengshan. The Western Zhou Dynasty sealed the states of Qi and Lu in the north and south of Mengshan Mountain. At the same time that these two great powers entered the country militarily and politically, Chinese culture also began to spread here. It and the local Dongyi culture went from being isolated from each other to integrating with each other, which brought unprecedented prosperity to the culture of Mengshan and its surrounding vast areas, and this phenomenon continued and developed through the dynasties. The Han Dynasty stone tombs discovered in the Mengshan area are breathtaking for their architectural and carving skills. Others, such as the stone tablets of the Western Han Dynasty, the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Xuzi Ji tripod from the Spring and Autumn Period, some of which are national cultural relics protection units, and some of which are national first-class cultural relics, are all witnesses of the above phenomenon. Mengshan in the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties Confucius "climbed Dongshan (Mengshan, called Dongshan and Dongmeng in ancient times) and became a small Lu" (Mencius said). Li Bai, Du Fu, Xiao Yingshi, Su Shi, Zhang Yanghao, Wang Shizhen, Wumeicun, Kangxi, Qianlong, Gongnai and many other historical celebrities have left their footprints on Mengshan Mountain. Li Bai and Du Fu traveled to Mengshan together and left behind some good lines such as "Drunk in autumn under the quilt, walking hand in hand with the sun". Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty visited Mengshan and wrote a poem: "Don't be alarmed by the changes in the mulberry fields in the Bohai Sea, but look at the clouds and Meng leaking spring". Gong Nai, a writer of the Ming Dynasty, wrote "Ode to Mengshan" and lamented about Mengshan. Emperor Kangxi's winter visit to Mengshan left behind the poem "Horses' hooves broke the Qiongyao Road and cut off the top of Mengshan Mountain"; Emperor Qianlong left a poem when he visited Mengshan Mountain during his southern tour. There is a hymn that says, "The mountain spirit cover does not disobey Yao's order, showing my poetry in Yufeng"! 1. The literati and poets climbed Mount Meng. The magnificence and profundity of Mount Meng have attracted the attention of some famous thinkers and set foot there. There are traces of Confucius and Guiguzi here. Since the Tang Dynasty, Meng Shan has formed an indissoluble bond with poets and poets. On the historical road of Mengshan, Li Bai, Du Fu, Xiao Yingshi, Su Shi, Zhang Yanghao, Wang Shizhen, Wumeicun and many others left their footprints. They traveled to enjoy the scenery, visited roads and visited ancient times, and wrote a large number of gorgeous poems. Su Dongpo, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, climbed Mount Meng and wrote the famous line "Don't be alarmed by the changes in the mulberry fields in the Bohai Sea, but come and see the spring in the turtles and Mengluo". Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, traveled to Mengshan with Du Fu. Du Fu wrote a beautiful line: "I was a guest in the East, and pitied you like a brother. I slept drunkenly in the autumn, and walked hand in hand on the same day." During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Mengshan left the footprints of Confucius, Zhuang Zhou, Lao Laizi and Gui Guzi, representatives of Confucianism, Taoism and political strategists. Confucius "climbed Dongshan and Xiaolu", leaving behind relics such as Huimaling, Shengqi Stone, Xiaolu; Guiguzi once practiced and taught disciples in Mengshan, with more than a hundred disciples, the famous ones include Sun Bin and Pang Juan. Cai Yong, a historian of the Han Dynasty, once lived in seclusion in Mengshan Mountain. 2. Emperors and Generals Climbed Mengshan Mountain During their southern tours, the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty and Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty stopped at the foothills of Mengshan Mountain several times to admire the mountain scenery and recite poems to praise it, which made the cultural heritage of Mengshan Mountain even more profound. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once led his ministers to Mount Mengshan; Emperor Kangxi wrote "Morning Snow in Mengyin" for Mount Meng. Emperor Kangxi visited Mengshan Mountain in winter. Because of the high altitude of Mengshan Mountain, the beautiful peaks, and the joy of the dragon's face, he toured Mengshan Mountain and The magnificent poem "Horse hoofs crush the Qiongyao Road and cut off the top of Mengshan Mountain" is left behind. Qianlong wrote poems such as "Looking at the Snow Color of Mengshan Mountain" for Mengshan, and left a line of praise "The mountain spirit cover does not violate Yao's order, showing that my poetry is in Yufeng", praising Mengshan. In addition, there are numerous folk allusions and legends, and there are many relics such as Qin bricks and Han tiles, ancient temples, steles and stone carvings. Mengyin Mengshan National Forest Park has a warm temperate monsoon continental climate, with an annual average temperature of 12.8 degrees Celsius, a frost-free period of 196 days, and an average annual precipitation of 998 mm. It has four distinct seasons, a mild climate, and abundant rainfall. There has always been a folk tradition of "seventy-two waterings." The theory of "flower rain" forms a harmonious and ecologically virtuous cycle between heaven and earth. The mountains, water and forests in the park are interdependent, and the organic levels of large and small, high and low, dynamic and still, living and inanimate are integrated, making every plant, tree and stone a perfect scenic spot. Majestic, strange, special, rare, handsome and simple, all originate from nature and blend into nature. Ancient temples in the mountains, small bridges and flowing water, trees blocking out the sun, the fragrance of flowers and hooves, birdsong in the valley, and the sound of waves make people return to nature and enjoy it. During the National and Democratic Liberation War, Mengshan Mountain was an important part of the revolutionary base area in Yimeng Mountain Area. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Shandong Party, Government and Military Headquarters and the 115th Division Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China led the Shandong army and people to fight bravely here, and established and expanded various anti-Japanese base areas in Shandong. During the War of Liberation, the East China Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the East China Field Army Command organized the world-famous Menglianggu Battle here.

Today, the places where some major revolutionary historical events occurred, famous battlefields, and revolutionary martyrs' cemeteries have been well protected, and some have newly built commemorative buildings. Among them, the Menglianggu Battle Memorial Hall is a national key martyrs memorial building, and many others are provincial key cultural relics protection units. Some are designated as youth patriotism education bases in Shandong Province. Buddhism and Taoism in Mengshan Historically, Buddhism and Taoism in Mengshan were very prosperous. Monks and Taoists have a special liking for Mengshan Mountain and regard it as a holy place for cultivating Zhengtong and maintaining health and longevity. The main Taoist temples include Qingxu Temple, Wanshou Palace, Jiulong Palace, Guanyin Palace, Chengtian Palace, Cining Palace, etc. The most popular temples include Mingguang Temple, Conch Temple and Yuntai Temple. As early as the Five Dynasties period, He Kang, who served as Wailang of the Later Jinshui Ministry, practiced Taoism in Mengshan. Su Dongpo in the Northern Song Dynasty had a relationship with his 80-year-old disciple Qiao Tong and wrote poems to each other. Jia Wen, the abbot of Yuxu Temple in Mengshan during the Song Dynasty, was summoned to Bianjing by Song Huizong in the first year of Xuanhe (1119) and was given a certificate and purple clothes. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Mengshan Qingxu Temple belonged to the Huashan School of Quanzhen Taoism, and was closely related to the Taoist Baiyun Temple in Beijing, the "No. 1 Jungle in the World". It is these religious activities that have left many grand palaces and pavilions in Mengshan, filled with a mysterious atmosphere of yellow scrolls, green lanterns and ringing bells. The towering Mengshan Mountain, majestic and beautiful, combines the advantages of many famous mountains. It is majestic, strange, dangerous, beautiful, green and secluded. It is known as "seventy-two main peaks and thirty-six caves". Guimeng Scenic Area is famous for its It is famous for its ten major landscapes, including Donglu in sight, ancient road wonders, Yuquan pillow stream, Eagle Peak wonders, and a path leading to the sky. Mengshan has beautiful scenery in all four seasons, each with its own merits. Spring comes to Mengshan, with flowers in full bloom and colorful butterflies flying; in midsummer, the clouds are steaming and the waterfalls are hanging in the sky; in the golden autumn, the red leaves are intoxicating and the fruits are abundant; when climbing in the middle of winter, the eucalyptus trees and branches are covered with silver, which is a northern scenery. Whenever you climb Mengshan Mountain, you will feel the freshness, comfort and leisure and openness of returning to nature. Mengshan has four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, fertile soil and dense vegetation. There are more than 1,200 types of plants, including ancient, rare and special tree species, and the forest coverage rate is as high as 90%. In March 1998, the Environmental Assessment Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences measured the negative oxygen ion content in the air of the Mengshan Mengyin Yunmeng Scenic Area. With a capacity of 2.2 million per cubic meter, it is known as the "natural oxygen bar" and "forest bathing beach", providing unique conditions for leisure and recuperation. Mengshan's rich natural resources have nurtured rich cultural connotations. Due to the development of social economy and the cultivation of advanced culture, Mengshan area has seen numerous celebrities, including Xunzi, Zengzi, Meng Tian, ??Liu Hong, Kuang Heng, Zhuge Liang, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing, Many outstanding figures such as Gong Nai and Zuo Baobao have made outstanding contributions to the development of our country's society in different fields.

In autumn and winter, "Gu" will suddenly bring humans a kind of desolate beauty of the desert. Beautiful "flower bones" on the hills - Gu, fallen leaves, setting sun, and sharp corners of the mountains, everywhere give people a sense of wonder. With the beauty of the clouds. Summer is approaching, and after the thunderstorm, it makes people feel like they are in a fantasy land, a paradise! The landforms of Daigu are graceful and graceful, and the miraculous square mountain shapes have created countless wonderful scenery, as if they were magical pearls given by God to human beings.

Daigu landform - located in Daigu Town, Mengyin County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, there are more than 30 "gu"s distributed in them. They are large in number, beautiful in shape and densely distributed. They are second to none among the shaped landforms in my country. It is also very rare in the world's modeling and landforms. The main cause of the formation of "Gu" is that the Cambrian limestone in the Paleozoic Era has experienced strong crustal cutting and uplifting movements. The crustal cutting and uplifting movement areas have undergone multiple dynamic effects such as erosion, dissolution, gravity collapse and weathering, forming the current round appearance. It is a gu with a flat top, sharp cliffs around it, and the steep slope below the cliff gradually changes from steep to gentle, mostly in the form of camels, hats, tables, and cockscombs. This type of landform, which is extremely rare in the world, is not known by most geography experts and scholars in world geology. "Gu" are mainly distributed in the southern mountainous areas of central Shandong such as Mengyin, Yishui, and Yiyuan. There are hundreds of well-known ones. There is a saying of "Yimeng 72 Gu", forming a beautiful Yimeng "Gu" group, among which the famous Mengliang Gu is one one.

Edit this paragraph: Cultural Holy Land, Brilliant Yimeng

Yimeng Mountain is a beautiful place with celebrities emerging in large numbers and shining like stars. It is the representative and leader of Qi culture. In terms of the output of celebrities, Yimeng The region holds the top spot. The Qi culture represented by the land of Yimeng and the Lu culture represented by the land of Confucius and Mencius echoed each other, stimulated and influenced each other, and together formed the two spiritual cores of Qi and Lu culture. The fortune teller—Liu Hong (Eastern Han Dynasty) and the wise saint—Zhuge Liang (Three Kingdoms)

Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming (181-234 AD), named Wolong (also known as Fulong), Han nationality, Langya Yangdu (now Shandong) Born in Yinan County, Linyi City, he was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty and an outstanding statesman, strategist, inventor and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, posthumously named Zhongwu Hou. Later, in order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, the Eastern Jin Dynasty regime named him King Wuxing. His representative works include "The Former Teacher", "The Later Teacher", "The Book of Commandments", etc. Invented wooden cows and flowing horses, Kongming lanterns, etc. There is the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, where the great poet Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty wrote the famous poem "The Prime Minister of Shu".

Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms": Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of the country. He cared for the people, showed rituals, appointed officials, obeyed the authority, was open-minded, and imparted justice. Those who were loyal and beneficial would be rewarded even if they were enemies. Those who broke the law and neglected them would be punished even if they were close relatives. They must plead guilty. Those who lose love will be relieved no matter how serious they are; those who use rhetoric and clever rhetoric will be killed no matter how light they are; good deeds will not be rewarded if they are small, and evil will not be devalued if they are not trivial; common things should be refined, stick to their roots, adhere to names and responsibilities, and be disdainful of hypocrisy; in the end, we will be together. Within the territory, those who are fearful but love them, and those who have no resentment despite severe punishments and administrations, use their calm intentions and clear warnings. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern, and Guan and Xiao are inferior to each other. Historical evaluation: Liu Bei: "There is a hole in a solitary person, just like a fish in water. I hope you will not say anything more." "The king is ten times more talented than Cao Pi. He will surely be able to stabilize the country and achieve great things. If the heir can assist him, he will assist him; as he does If you are not talented, you can take it yourself." Sima Hui: "How can Confucian scholars know the current affairs? Those who know the current affairs are the heroes." Meng Huo: "My lord, the power of heaven is gone. Go ahead." Jia Xu said: "Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country." Kong Ming is a crouching dragon." Sima Yi said: "He is really a genius in the world. Yang Xi's "Ode to the Assistant Ministers of the Han Dynasty" praised Prime Minister Zhuge: "He is loyal and brave, he offers advice by the riverside, and he climbs Wu, Lianshu, and he has the power to be true in our world." After receiving the legacy of A Heng, he improved his martial arts and improved his writing, introduced moral education, studied physics and changed the wind, and the wise and foolish competed with each other in mind, and he forgot his body. In the country of Jingjing, the four descendants of Yisui came to the enemy's court many times, showing off their power, studying the great country, and hating the Weiyi. "Xi Long and Xiang Chong: "Kuang Liang's virtues are far-reaching, and his achievements are unparalleled throughout his life. Sima Yan: "How good that I have this person to help me, how can I not have the hard work today!" Fu Qian: "Zhuge Liangda knows how to manage changes, is upright and strategic, and acts as a prime minister." "Guo Chong: "Jincheng Guo Chong thought that he had great power, wisdom and strategy, but he exceeded Guan and Yan, and his achievements were not achieved. The commentators are confused. If the five things of Liang are hidden and not heard of by the world, the treasures and others cannot be restored. King Fufeng was generous and good at rushing. Liu Chan replied to the edict of Prime Minister Zhuge Liang: "The blame for the battle at the street pavilion lies with Ma Su, but the king made him wrong, deeply devalued himself, violated the king's wishes again, and obeyed the orders." The year before last, when the army was shining, Que killed Wang Shuang; this year, during the Yuan campaign, Guo Huai escaped; he surrendered the Di and Qiang, revived the two counties, and the town was powerful and ferocious, and his achievements were obvious. Just now, the people are harassing, and the original evil has not been eliminated. The king has received a great responsibility and is responsible for the country. Now that I have returned to you as Prime Minister, please do not say goodbye. "Liu Chan paid tribute to Zhuge Liang and wrote an edict: "You are the king of civil and military talents, wise and sincere, and you have been entrusted by me to assist me. To suppress the eight wastelands, he will make great contributions to Jihan and join in the great achievements of Yi and Zhou. How can you not be worried? When things happen, you will be overwhelmed by sudden illness and death! I mourn with sorrow, and my heart is as broken. The husband respects virtue and prefaces his merits, and records his life and posthumous titles. Therefore, the glory will shine in the future and his publication will be immortal. Today I envoy Chijie Zuozhonglang General Du Qiong to present you with the seal ribbon of the Marquis of Wuxiang, the Prime Minister, and posthumously title you the Marquis of Zhongwu. The soul has spirit, Jiazi favors it. Alas! Alas! "Emperor Kangxi: "Zhuge Liangyun: I have dedicated my life to death. As a minister, only Zhuge Liang can do this. Sun Qiao of the Tang Dynasty said: "Marquis Wu has been dead for five hundred years. Up to now, the people of Liang and Han have continued to sing songs and sacrifices in temples as if they were still there. They have loved the people for so long." " Chang Chu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: "If you govern the country with courtesy, the people will have no complaints, and if you don't abuse lynching, there will be no tears left. Wang Tong of the Sui Dynasty said: "If Zhuge Liang does not die, rituals and music will flourish." "Tang Wencui" recorded what Shang Chi said in the "Preface to the Inscription on the Zhuge Wuhou Temple Stele": "When the official wrote about the temple food, it became an unpublished canon. Within a mountain, every movement of wind and grass has a majestic appearance, like if When there is a severe drought every year, people in the country pray for it, and it will bring clouds and rain. This means that everyone will benefit from it, and life and death will be the same in ancient and modern times. Death and immortality are more valuable than life. "Lv Wen's "The Temple of Zhuge Wuhou": "The great honor has not been collected, but God will seize it. Sincerity is unforgettable, shining in the sun and moon, and the fierce energy never dissipates. Long as a thunderstorm. " Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once admired Zhuge Liang's deeds very much and wrote several poems about Zhuge Liang, including "The Prime Minister of Shu" (two of them have the same name as the Prime Minister of Shu), "Ode to Ancient Relics No. 4", "Zhuge Kongming", " "Eight Formations", "Gubaihang", "Wuhou Temple", "Zhuge Temple", and "Geye". Among them, "Three visits to the world have troubled the world, and two dynasties have helped the hearts of veterans." "Died before he left the army and made the hero burst into tears" has also become a famous saying about Zhuge Liang's life in the future. Other poets have also written many poems to praise Zhuge Liang, such as "Reading Zhuge Wuhou's Biography of Huai" by Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. "A Gift to Uncle Cui Shaofu of Chang'an to Feng Kunji", "Zhuge Wuhou" (two poems) by Wang Anshi, a statesman and writer of the Song Dynasty, "Visiting Zhuge Wuhou's Bookshelf" by the Southern Song Dynasty poet Lu You, "Visiting Zhuge Wuhou Temple" by Dou Chang of the Tang Dynasty ", "Zhuge Wuhou Temple" by Zhang Xiaobiao of the Tang Dynasty, "Wuhou Temple" by Ming Dynasty writer Yang Shen, "Shu Daoqi" by modern historian Guo Moruo, and modern politicians Dong Biwu and Lu Dingyi. While affirming Zhuge Liang's intelligence, the great man Mao Zedong once tried to analyze the reasons for Zhuge Liang's failure to unify China. Regarding the general strategy of Zhuge Liang's two-pronged attack on Jingzhou and Yizhou in the Northern Expedition to Cao Wei in "Longzhong Dui", he commented: "It started with a mistake. Longzhong is facing, thousands of miles away and the two forces are divided. In the end, Guan Yu, Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang had three separate forces and were undefeated. "The first sentence means that Zhuge Liang's strategy is inappropriate. Jingzhou is thousands of miles away from Yizhou. The division of troops between the two places will inevitably cause the Shu Han to lose its advantage in military strength. The latter sentence "three-thirds of troops" refers to Guan Yu's guarding Jingzhou and Liu Bei. After attacking Soochow and Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, the historical fact of "three-thirds force" ultimately caused the Shu Han's vitality to be severely damaged and the foundation for the unification of China to be lost.

However, some people disagreed with Mao Zedong's analysis. Longzhong originally hoped to "take full advantage of the South China Sea" and support the Jingzhou Army's Northern Expedition. In addition, Yizhou carried out a pincer strategy. However, Liu Bei failed to achieve it later because of the Nanjun. The loss caused Guan Yu to lose his advantage in the Battle of Xiangfan, not the result of dividing the force by two. On the other hand, regarding the historical events of losing Jieting and beheading Ma Su, Mao Zedong once commented: "In the first battle, it is better to prepare for the battle." He believed that Zhuge Liang should personally lead the army to advance and make arrangements before the battle, instead of dividing his troops and assigning responsibilities to others. The heart-attacking couplet hung in the Zhuge Liang Hall of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was written by Zhao Fan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. This couplet attracted the attention of Mao Zedong and others. Its content is: "If you can attack the heart, it will disappear on its own. It has been known from ancient times that soldiers are not warlike; they do not assess the situation." That is to say, both leniency and severity are wrong, and we need to think deeply about it later in governing Shu." The great revolutionary forerunner Sun Yat-sen praised Zhuge Liang in the "Principles of Civil Rights" of the "Three People's Principles": "Zhuge Liang is very talented, so he was able to establish a good government in Western Shu. He was able to go out of Qishan for the Northern Expedition six times, and he was three with Wu and Wei. "Chronicle of Zhuge Liang: Calligrapher - Wang Xizhi (Eastern Jin Dynasty)

1. Biographies:

Wang Xizhi, also known as Yi Shao. Named Danzhai, Han nationality, his ancestral home is Langya Linyi (now part of Shandong), he later moved to Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and lived in seclusion in Jinting, Shan County in his later years. He was a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China and is known as the sage of calligraphy. He successively served as secretary Ying, general Ningyuan, and governor of Jiangzhou. Later, he became the internal historian of Kuaiji, leading the general on the right, and was known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Kuaiji". His son Wang Xianzhi was also good at calligraphy and was collectively known as the "Two Kings". . Since then, there have been numerous calligraphy talents in the Wang family. Dongsheng died in the fifth year of Ping Dynasty and was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain (also known as Ziteng Mountain). His fifth generation Sun Heng's residence was Jintingguan, and the ruins still exist. Dong Qichang wrote in "Essays on Painting a Zen Room": "Youjun's "Orchid Pavilion Preface" has the best composition in ancient and modern times. Its characters are all reflected in the tape, whether small or large, and they all follow the rules, so it is a god. "Princess." Later generations cherished the beauty of its layout. Although copyists could not help but incorporate their own style of writing, no one changed the composition of it slightly. Just as Xie Jin said in "Chun Yu Miscellanies": "The right army's poem "Lanting" is both beautiful in calligraphy and especially good in layout. The so-called gain is too long, and the loss is too short." "Lanting Preface" The composition is like a natural beauty, dancing gracefully, and the beauty of its dancing posture is unparalleled. 2. Historical influence: descendants of Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy influenced his descendants. His son Xuanzhi was good at cursive calligraphy; Ningzhi was good at cursive calligraphy; Huizhi was good at Zheng cursive calligraphy; Cao Zhi was good at Zheng cursive calligraphy; Huanzhi was good at Zheng cursive calligraphy; and Xian was called "Little Sage". Huang Bosi's "Dong Guan Xu Lun" says: "Wang's four calligraphy works of Ning, Cao, Hui and Huan were passed down together with Zijing's calligraphy. They all have family styles, but their styles are different. Ning's calligraphy has its rhyme, and Cao's calligraphy has its own style. Its body, its emblem, its power, its glory, its appearance, and its origin." Later, the descendants of Wang's family continued to pass on their calligraphy. Wu Zetian tried to ask for Wang Xizhi's book, and Wang Xizhi's ninth great-grandson Wang Fangqing submitted ten volumes of the writings of twenty-eight people from the eleventh generation to his great-grandfather, and compiled them into "Long Live Tongtian Tie". In the Southern Dynasties, the Qi kings Sengqian, Wang Ci and Wang Zhi were all descendants of the royal family and had Dharma books recorded. Shi Zhiyong was the seventh grandson of Xi. He passed down the family method wonderfully and was a famous calligrapher in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Calligraphy Garden Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy has influenced calligraphy gardens from generation to generation. The establishment of Wang Xizhi's status as a calligrapher has its own evolution process. Yu He, a calligrapher during the Taishi period of the Southern Song Dynasty, said in "On Book Lists": "Between Han and Wei, Zhong (Yao) and Zhang (Zhi) were good at beauty, and the two kings in the late Jin Dynasty were called heroes." The title of Youjun's book Unparalleled at that time, the person with the highest status in calligraphy between the Song and Qi Dynasties was Wang Xianzhi. Xianzhi learned calligraphy from his father. He was extremely talented and quick to innovate. He turned to Zhang Zhi and created the cursive script that connects up and down. Meiyan even surpassed his father. He became a saint from humble beginnings and was called the "Two Kings" with his father. "Discussing Calligraphy with Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty" written by Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasties said: "Everyone in the world respects the calligraphy of Zi Jing," and "not only in China, we no longer know that there is Yuan Chang, but the same is true for Yu Yishao." What changed this situation was that Emperor Wu of Liang, Xiao Yan, admired Wang Xizhi. He changed the order of calligraphy at that time from "Wang Xianzhi - Wang Xizhi - Zhong Yao" to "Zhong Yao - Wang Xizhi - Wang Xianzhi". In "Guan Zhong Yao's Twelve Meanings of Calligraphy", Xiao Yanyun said: "Zijing is not in a hurry. Yi Shao, Yi Shao Zhi Bu Yuan Chang. "Bu Yu", or "bu catch", means less than. Xiao Yan's status gave his comments a special appeal, and thus public opinion was determined. The first climax of studying Wang Xizhi in history was in the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, and the second was in the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty highly respected Wang Xizhi. Not only did he widely collect the king's books, but he also personally wrote a eulogy for the "Book of Jin: Biography of Wang Xizhi". Commenting on Zhong Yao, he said "there may be some doubts about his perfection" and derogatory remarks about Zhong Yao's presentation. "The disease of calligraphy", other calligraphers such as Ziyun, Wang Meng and Xu Yan all say that they are "extremely praised". Through comparison, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty believed that Youjun was "perfect" and "he is the only one who admires and chases in his heart, and the rest are just trivial and useless"! From then on, Wang Xizhi's supreme position in the history of calligraphy was established and consolidated. Scholars of calligraphy in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all respected the "two kings" of the Jin sect. Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Xue Ji, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Di, Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty, Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty, all famous calligraphers in the past dynasties converted to Wang Xizhi. Although the study of stele in the Qing Dynasty broke the scope of the study of calligraphy, Wang Xizhi's status as a calligrapher remained unshaken. Although the "Sage of Calligraphy" and the "Emperor of Mo" are suspected of "sacralizing", generations of famous scholars and giants, through comparison and speculation, are all convinced and highly respected. Although Wang Xizhi is praised as the "Sage of Calligraphy" in the history of Chinese calligraphy, he is not regarded as a solidified icon, but only as a symbol of the "perfection" of calligraphy creation in Chinese culture.

Things are always developing and moving forward. Wang Xizhi reached the pinnacle of "perfection" in his era. This "holy image" will surely call upon those who come after him to reach new pinnacles of calligraphy in their respective eras.

A famous prime minister of a generation - Wang Dao (Eastern Jin Dynasty)

The courtesy name Maohong, Han nationality, was born in Langya Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong). He was a minister in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He served as an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, including Emperor Jin Yuan and Emperor Jin Yuan. The three generations of Emperor Ming of Jin and Emperor Cheng of Jin were one of the founders of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. They were known in history as "the king and his horse ruled the world". Wang Dao was the founding prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He served in three dynasties and was a famous politician. His brilliant achievements in establishing the Eastern Jin Dynasty and governing the south of the Yangtze River were even greater than those of Zhuge Liang's rule of Shu, which was highly praised by people. However, due to various reasons, Director Wang's status in Chinese history has not received the recognition it deserves. Throughout the history of our country, since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the economic and cultural center of gravity has gradually moved southward. There are multiple reasons for this situation, but it is also related to the success of Wang Dao in governing Jin and developing Jiangnan. The era that Director Wang lived in was the most chaotic era in Chinese history. The "Five Husbands Chaosed China", the Xiongnu, Xianbei and other ethnic minorities successively invaded the Central Plains. They attacked each other. There was no peace, starvation and death everywhere, and the people were in dire straits. Central Plains residents moved south in large numbers. Under such circumstances, Wang Dao assisted the mediocre Emperor Jin and Yuan in establishing the Eastern Jin Dynasty to resist the invasion of foreign tribes from the north and save Jiangnan from the scourge of war. It was Wang Dao who advocated uniting the Wu people, unifying the military and administration, and introducing northern civil and military talents, so that Jiangnan was full of talents. , managed the country well; it was Director Wang who resettled millions of refugees fleeing south in the form of establishing manors, opened up wasteland and cultivated land, developed handicraft workshops, and gradually made the economy of Jiangnan prosperous; it was Director Wang who did not remember honor or disgrace, was not afraid of slander, and assisted three generations The emperor quelled the civil strife, making the situation in Jiangnan stable and people's lives stable. Just imagine that without Director Wang, Jiangnan would have been destructively ravaged by the iron hoofs of the foreign tribes from the north. In this way, the prosperity of Jiangnan will be delayed for hundreds, or even hundreds of years. Therefore, it is indispensable for Wang to govern Jin and develop Jiangnan.

The mainstay of the Qin Dynasty - Meng Tian (Qin Dynasty)

Meng Tian (? - 210 BC): Ji's surname is Meng's family, and his given name is Tian. Han nationality, whose ancestral home is Langya, Qi State, and is now a native of Mengyin, Shandong Province. A famous general during the Qin Shihuang period, he was known as "China's No. 1 Warrior." Legend has it that he once improved the writing brush and was the earliest developer in the northwest of the motherland. He was also the first person to develop Ningxia in ancient times. In 215 BC, Qin Shihuang, with Meng Tian as commander, led 300,000 Qin troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north. On the bank of the Yellow River, the Qin army, dominated by infantry, and the Xiongnu cavalry launched a life-or-death battle. The army led by Meng Tian defeated the Xiongnu armies in the upper reaches of the Yellow River (today's Ningxia and Hetao areas in Inner Mongolia) with an unstoppable force, forcing the Xiongnu to flee seven hundred miles to the north of the desert. Jia Yi of the Han Dynasty commented on the state of the Huns at that time and said: "I dare not go south to herd horses." Meng Tian severely damaged the fierce and brave Huns in just one battle, causing them to collapse into an army and run everywhere. The Xiongnu did not dare to enter the Han Dynasty for decades, and Meng Tian's merit was the highest. Meng Tian led a large number of troops to sit in the town (today's Yulin City, Shaanxi Province). In order to strengthen the defense line in the Hetao area, he built pavilions and castles north of the Yellow River in the Hetao area (today's Wula Mountain area in Inner Mongolia) as an outpost of the Yellow River defense line. The battle brought a stable social environment to the north for more than ten years and created conditions for the development of the Hetao area. Meng Tian fought bravely, won by surprise, and defeated the Huns. This was the greatest achievement in his life. People praised him as "China's No. 1 Warrior." Sima Qian sighed in "Historical Records": "The Qin generals of the Meng family are loyal and virtuous in internal history. The Great Wall was first built, and the border was built thousands of miles away.

"" At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the princes were destroyed, the hearts of the world were not yet settled, and the injured were not yet injured, but Tian was a famous general, so he should not be strong at this time.