The ancient country of Gomachi is my home. Civilization is tied to you, me and him. Speech script. Urgent, I need to use it tonight.

Guangnan has a long history and rich cultural heritage. In the third century BC, in Guangnan County in southeastern Yunnan and its surrounding areas, there existed an ancient country called Gou Ding, which was the "ancient Zhuang dynasty". ". "Ju, the literal translation of Zhuang language is nine; Ding, the literal translation is kin, alliance, red. Ju Ding, Zhuang language means the alliance of nine tribes." Ju Ding country has existed in history for more than 500 years. What is the administrative center (capital) of the ancient Go Ding country? Where? This question that has troubled the historical community for many years has aroused great interest in Guangxi about the origin of the culture of the ancient country of Juding. Determining where the capital of the ancient country of Juding is is an immeasurable cultural boost. In many places, the discovery of history and culture has brought vitality to the local economy. As a cultural representative of the ancient Zhuang people, "Gouting Culture" will definitely bring a leap in productivity to Guangnan. Currently, Guangnan and Guangxi Xilin have very active research and exchanges on the ancient culture of Juding. The online "Dian-Guangxi quietly started a dispute over "Juding" and who owns the brand?" www.GX.xinhuanet.com attracted a lot of attention.

Gouding, this ancient country name, was first seen in "Hanshu Geography". "Hanshu·Geography·Annotation of Juding Town of Zangda County" Ying Shao said: Guju Town Country. Master Gu said: The sound and sentence are quite good. It is a mystery left by the ancients for future generations to dispute. Because it involves the question of the credibility of the ancient kingdom of Kotomachi today, that is, the question of whether it should be returned to its original historical appearance. Therefore, people have been searching for it since its name appeared in the "Book of Han". "Book of Han·Biography of Southwest Yi": There is a record that "the Marquis of Juding died and became the King of Juding because of his meritorious service." There is no record as to whether the Gouding Marquis was still in his territory after he was established as king. "Yunnan Tongzhi" Volume 17 contains: "In the fifth year of the first Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty (82 BC), Hou died and joined the army..." "Hanshu Biography of Southwest Yi": "The Hou Wubo of Gouding was given Becoming king began in the sixth year of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty (81 BC)." According to this, Zegu Ding was granted the title of Marquis Nübo, and he joined the army only after being granted the title. According to historical data, it can be inferred that the ancient country of Gouding not only existed during the Han Dynasty, but also existed at least before the Han Dynasty. However, due to the incompleteness of relevant information and the difficulty in finding physical evidence, the mystery has not been completely revealed and a definite answer has not yet been obtained.

This article focuses on the question of where is the ancient Gouding Kingdom today, and attempts to make a bold judgment on the research opinions of various academic circles on the location of the Gouding Kingdom, and gives the conclusion that the capital of the ancient Gouding Kingdom was originally in Guangnan. Within the territory, add a piece of historical evidence.

1. The birthplace of Juding State is in Guangnan

The birthplace and scope of rule of Juding State are clearly recorded in history books, and many experts have also made incisive research; "Historical Records· "Biographies of Southwest Yi" records: In the sixth year of Yuanding, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (111 BC), he "pacified Nanyi and established it as Zangda County", taking charge of seventeen counties including Yelang and Gouding. "Hanshu Geography" records: "In Juding, Wenxiang Water flows east to Zengshi (to the east of Jintian to Wuming area) and enters Yu, and there is Luweishui, which comes to thin the water and cut the water." Mr. Wang Xianqian's "Hanshu Supplement" Notes" says: Juding is "between Baoning (now Guangnan), Baise, Sicheng, and Zhen'an", "its land is the southern border of Zangdao, and is connected with Jiaozhi and Yulin counties." "Shui Jing·Wenshui" Notes" says: "Wen Xiangshui leads from Zangganju County. Wenxiang Shui, Meng Shui and Lu Weishui came to Xishui, cut water and poured it into Yuye from Yuguang in the east of the county to Zengshi County." "Xinyu Yunnan General Chronicle" records: "Wenxiang Shui is the current Xiyang River, Lu "The only water is the tributaries of the Xiyang River." According to the investigation, the Xiyang River originates from the foothills of Jiulong Mountain in Guangnan County. Its main tributaries include Babao River, Ayong River, Xiban River, etc., all of which are collected from the east of Guangnan City. It merges with the Tuoniang River to form the Youjiang River, and then merges with the Zuojiang River to form the Yujiang River in Yongning, Guangxi. It can be seen that the historical records are completely consistent with the objective reality. This fully proves that Guangnan is the birthplace of the Guju Town. The Liancheng Town area of ??Guangnan on the west side of Xiyangjiang River is the seat of the Guju Town Palace, which is the county seat of Guju Town. Jiulong Mountain, located at the junction of Zhetu, Diwei and Zhetai Townships in Guangnan, is the sacred "Dragon" of the Zhuang people. "The mountain is named after the nine streams flowing out of the mountain. In the primitive forest in the mountain, there are the Sun God Tree, the Ancestor God Tree, the Village God Tree, wild Panax notoginseng and Shizu. The locals say: "Gugu Ding Country is a land of mountains and rivers. This is its birthplace. This area has nurtured an ecological culture in which man and nature live in harmony since ancient times. The local Zhuang people sacrifice "Dragon" every year and use it as the spiritual pillar and spiritual pillar for the development of village communities. The bond of unity of this ethnic group. Professor Jiang Tingyu’s "Xilin Tonggu Tomb and the Juding Kingdom of the Han Dynasty" records: "The historical situation of the Xilin area in the early Western Han Dynasty is unknown. The local chronicles compiled in the past only generally stated that this was the "Guangxi General Chronicles·Geographical Edition" of Juding County, Zangqi County, Han Yizhou, 1949, a mimeographed version. According to "Hanshu Geography", the establishment of Juding as a county was in the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The name of Juding County, according to Ying Shao quoted in the annotation of "Hanshu", comes from " "Gu Ting Country" came from the country. Therefore, there should be the "Guting Clan" first, the "Guting Country" should be established, and then there should be the "Guting County". In other words, before the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the area in Juding County was originally the settlement area of ??the Juding people... Looking at the records of the activities of the Juding people in "Hanshu·Southwestern Yi Biography", we can know that the northern part of it is connected with Luowu (now Yunnan). Luoping, Guizhou (today's Maitreya, Yunnan), leading to the upper reaches of Nanpanjiang River. Its scope is huge.

"According to this, "Cihai" officially published by the state after liberation recorded: "Juding, the ancient name of the county. The word "sentence" is used as a hook, which is also the ancient sentence of Dingguo. The county was established in the sixth year of Yuanding in the Western Han Dynasty (111 BC). The administrative seat is now in Guangnan County, Yunnan Province. Liang was abandoned in the Southern Dynasties. ”

To sum up, the birthplace of Juding Kingdom should be in Guangnan, and the headquarters of Juding should be in today’s southeastern Yunnan and western Guangxi. As they entered Sang, Leowo formed an alliance with it and Guanbo was promoted to the nobility. After becoming the king, and after Dian and Yelang declined one after another, Gouding Kingdom once flourished, and its scope of rule also expanded, including all of Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan Province, the central and eastern part of Honghe Prefecture, as well as Yuxi, Qujing and Baise, Guangxi. Parts of this city

2. The existence time and territory of Juding Country

Juding entered class society earlier, and had established a slave regime before the Han Dynasty and had " "Yi Jun Chang people" and a relatively strong armed force, it is the largest country among the "tens of southern princes". By the first year of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty (86-80 BC), he assisted the Han Dynasty in pacifying Gu. Zhen and Ye Yu's rebellion were "meritful", and their leader Wu Bo was named "King of Gouding" ("Hanshu Biography of Southwest Yi"), which has a special status among the Southwest Yi "Huayang Guozhi·Nanzhong". "Zhi" records: "In Nanzhong, in the land where Yiyue was built in the past, there were Dianpu, Gouding, and Yelang... there were countless marquis kingdoms," and it was also recorded: "The Gouding Kingdom has been enfeoffed here since the Han Dynasty." The mention of being granted a title in the Han Dynasty refers to the conferment of the country on Nanyi when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conquered Nanyi in the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), so it should be an ancient country before the Han Dynasty; and the word "so far" refers to When Chang Ju wrote "Huayang Guozhi", it was during the reign of Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty (AD 344-360). According to historical records, starting from the sixth year of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, the Gouding Kingdom continued. By the time Xiao Qi was replaced by the Liang Dynasty (81 BC - 502 AD), it can be seen that the Gouding Kingdom existed for more than 583 years in history. Meng Wentong said in his "Cong Kao of Yue History": "Southwest. According to "Biographies of Yi", the greatest rulers include Yelang, Dian, and Qiongdu. However, looking at the history of the Han and Jin Dynasties, Gouding is actually the most powerful one."

Mr. Jiang Yingliang said in his "History of the Dai Nationality" Medium: The jurisdiction of Gouding State "from the south of Beipanjiang River to the Red River, that is, from the Xingyi area in present-day Guizhou, through Shizong and Maitreya in Yunnan to Jianshui, and down to the southeast to the territory of Wenshan Prefecture and around Guangxi. Part of the upper reaches of the river. According to the investigation, the original territory of Juding State was in Xilin, Longlin, Tianlin, Leye, Lingyun and northern Vietnam in Wenshan Prefecture and Honghe Prefecture in Yunnan and Baise in Guangxi. By the time Guanbo was crowned queen and entered its heyday, its ruling area had expanded to the northwest to the Dianchi Lake area, covering about 80,000 square kilometers, spanning the then Zanggao County and Yizhou County. "Hanshu Geography" records: "Juding, Wenxiang Shuidong reaches to the east to increase food and enter Yu." The ancient note of Tiao Shi, Juding County, Zangqi County in the book says: "It is the southern border of Zangqi, close to Jiaozhi and Yulin. The counties are connected." It is now known that the Yujiang River is formed by the confluence of the left and right rivers and is located in Yongning County in the Nanning area. It can be seen that the southeast of Gouding reaches the northwest of Nanning. In the Han Dynasty, Zangqi County was under the jurisdiction of the Yizhou Governor's Department. According to Meng Wentong’s review: “The Records of Emperor Ming in Hanshu records: Baxiang County in the fifth year of Yuanfeng’s reign (76 B.C.) was divided into Yulin and Zangqi, and Juding should be the one who belongs to Zangqi since Xiang County.” . It can be seen that the southern border of Gotun reaches northern Vietnam. "Three Kingdoms Territory Chronicles" written by Hong Liangji of the Qing Dynasty and "Three Kingdoms Territory List" written by Xie Zhongying both said: "Today's Xingyi County, Guizhou, is Guju Town County".

3. Gouding Kingdom and its people

Historians and ethnologists who have studied ethnic history have shown that the Zhuang people originated from the ancient Yue people in our country, and the ancient Yue people They are divided into two major ethnic groups, Xiou and Luoyue. The Xiou ethnic group is also called the Western Yue people. They mainly live in the vast area from Lingnan to Yunnan, Guizhou and northern Vietnam. Today, the Zhuang, Dai, Dong, Buyi, and Shui ethnic groups in our country , Gelao people, etc., are all descendants of the Western Ouyue people. The ancient Yue people who lived in ancient Yunnan, Guizhou, and the upper reaches of the Zuo and You rivers in Guangxi all called themselves Puhe Liao. However, the Zhuang people living in Guangnan today call themselves Pu Nong and Tao; the Sha branch calls themselves Buyi and Buyayi. , Bu Rui, etc., the Tu branch calls itself Bu Dai, Bu Liao, and he is called Tu Lao, etc., then "Pu" and "Pu" have the same origin, "Pu" and "Bu" have the same pronunciation, and "Liao" has the same origin as "Liao". "Liao" and "Lao" are homophonic, which fully shows that the ancient Pu and Liao have a direct relationship with today's Pu Nong, Bu Dao, Buyi, Buyayi, Bu Rui, Bu Dai, Bu Liao and Tu Lao. The Zhuang people who currently live in Guangnan undoubtedly developed from the ancient Dian Pu and Dian Liao people. The basis is as follows: "The General History of the Zhuang Nationality" records: "One Hundred Pus are Baiyue". In ancient times, the Yue ethnic group in the south of the Yangtze River had different names at different times; in ancient times, the Yue ethnic group in eastern my country included Yuyue, Shanyue, and Minyue (now Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and other provinces), Lingnan and southwest include Nanyue (now Guangdong and Guangxi provinces), Xiou, Luoyue (now most of Guangxi, southern Guizhou, southeastern Yunnan and other places), Dianyue (the area in western Yunnan), Yueshang (Northern Vietnam). "A Brief History of Ancient Yunnan" records: "Nanzhong (today's Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and parts of southern Sichuan) has been a land of barbarians and Yue since ancient times... Southeast Yunnan, southwest Yunnan, and western Guizhou are inhabited by Liao people ( Yue) and Pu people".

"Huayang Guozhi·Nanzhong Zhi" records: "Nanzhong, in the land where Yiyue was built in the past, Dianpu, Gouding, Yelang... there are countless Hou Kingdoms ", and also contains "Juding County, hence the name of the Juding Kingdom. It was located in Fengpu, and the king's surname was Wu. He has been granted the title since the Han Dynasty.

”

Mr. You Zhong, professor and doctoral supervisor of the History Department of Yunnan University, said: “During the Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty from the 16th century BC to 771 BC, Yue was also called Pu.” He also said: "In the third century BC... the Pu people who lived in present-day Guizhou and southeastern Yunnan at that time obviously mostly referred to tribes of the Baiyue system." Professor Fang Guoyu said more clearly: "Weiju "Ding Pu is the ancestor of the 'Punong', 'Pu Tong' and 'Pu Yi' in later generations." Judging from various records, Gouding is Zhuang, probably mainly Nong people; People may be mainly Sha people, while Jinsang people east of the Red River may be mainly Tu people. These groups all belong to the Zhuang language group and have close historical origins." It is also said: "The Zhuang people are the descendants of the ancient Yue people, who live in southeastern Yunnan The Nong people, Sha people and Liao people in this tribe are also branches of the Zhuang language tribe, and were called the Gouding tribe in ancient times." The indigenous residents of Gouching (the Zhuang people who call themselves Pu Nong, Buyue, Pu Dai, and Buyi in the border areas between Yunnan and Guangxi and the border areas between China and Vietnam), their traditional cultural symbols are rice farming, ganlans, and bronze drums... .... Research by many experts and scholars shows that the Gouding Kingdom is an ancient country established by the ancestors of the Zhuang people.

4. Textual research on Juding

"Hanshu Geography" records: "In Juding, Wenxiang Water flows eastward to increase food and enter Yu, and there is Lu Weishui, which comes to thin water. "Shui Jing·Wen Shuizhu" says: "Wen Shui flows eastward to Zengshi County, where Wen Xiang Water flows, and its water diversion source is Zangju Town County." The Wen Xiang Water noted in the data is today's Guangzhou. South, Xiyang River and Tuoniang River in Funing County. They all originate from Jiulong Mountain in Zhetu Township, Guangnan County. The "Historical Atlas of China" was published in 1982. All maps from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty also marked the present-day Xiyangjiang River as Wenxiangshui, and Guangnan as the seat of Gouding County. In the fifteenth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1810), the "Southern Yunnan Magazine" compiled by Shanghai Cao Shuqiao, after conducting some research on Gujuding Kingdom and Gujuding County, said: "Guching Kingdom is located in the east of Yunnan. , Yelang, remote in Nanyi, and the road is dangerous. "Here, the geographical location of Gouding Kingdom is worthy of consideration.

In ancient times, the so-called "country" originally meant tribe. (See Guo Moruo's "Ten Criticisms: Self-Criticism of Ancient Studies"). Therefore, the area under the jurisdiction of the ancient kingdom of Gomachi should only be a small tribe.

The ancient country of Guding and the county of Guding have a historical connection. Juding County was established in the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC) by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is possible that Juding County was located in the original Juding ancient country. It can also be said that Juding County originated from the ancient Juding country.

The Han Dynasty opened Yunnan into the counties of Yizhou, Yelang, and Zangda. (Zangqi was opened before Yizhou.) "Hanshu Geography" records: "Yizhou County was opened in the second year of Emperor Wu Yuanfeng (109 BC); Zangqi County was opened in the sixth year of Emperor Wu Yuanding (111 BC) "Year) opened." This proves that Xianggang County was opened two years earlier than Yizhou County. (The Yizhou County mentioned here refers to the Yizhou County that governs present-day Chuxiong, Qujing, Kunming, Honghe, Wenshan and other prefectures, not Shu, but the Yizhou County of Chengdu).

Page 195 of the "Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Chinese Place Names" compiled by Su Li of the Hong Kong Branch of the Commercial Press contains: "Guding County was established in the Han Dynasty. The old city is located five miles northeast of today's Tonghai County, Yunnan Province."

The 1979 edition of "Ciyuan", Volume 1, contains 471: "Guding, the name of Han County, belongs to Zangda County. It is located in Mengzi County, Yunnan Province today."

"Ancient and Modern China" According to the "Dictionary of Place Names": Juding was a country of southwestern barbarians in the Han Dynasty, and it is now the city of Mengzi Dao in Yunnan. "

The 1980 edition of Lingyun Study's "Dictionary of Chinese Historical Place Names" contains: "Juding, the old Juding country, was established as a county in the Han Dynasty and belonged to Zangdao County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yizhou County. Jin belongs to Xinggu County, Ningzhou. The Southern Song Dynasty was followed by the Southern Qi Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Tonghai County. It is five miles northeast of today's Tonghai County, Yunnan Province. "

Professor Fang Guoyu's "List of Counties and Counties in Yunnan in the Western Han Dynasty" lists: "Juding belongs to Zangda County, in today's Guangnan, Funing, and Baise, Guangxi. "

Volume 17 of "General Chronicles of Yunnan": "Gou Ding is also called Ju Ding. The Han Dynasty belonged to Zangqi County (near today's Guangnan---Guizhou area).

"Kunming News" June 4, 1987, "Spring City Ancient and Modern" Zhang Weizhen's "Anti-Mang Uprising": "Juding belongs to Zangda County, in the area north of present-day Wenshan Prefecture."

< p>The supplementary edition of "Guangnan Prefecture Chronicles" in the 30th year of Guangxu's reign contains: "...since ancient times. In the Yigo Town and Jinsang tribe areas in the southwest, counties were established in the Western Han Dynasty and belonged to Zangda County."

The above-mentioned schools have different opinions and there is no physical evidence to support it, which makes people confused. The author believes that there is well-documented evidence that the ancient Gouding country originally existed in today's Guangnan.

First, the August 1983 edition of "Cihai Dictionary" published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, page 328 contains: "The seat of Juding County is now Guangnan County, Yunnan."

Its 2. The fifth volume of "Wenshan Prefecture Cultural and Historical Materials", Dai Qilin's "Evolution of the Construction of Guangnan" quotes Wang Xianqian's "Hanshu Supplementary Notes": "Juding is in Baoning (today's Guangnan County)..."

Thirdly, the 1975 edition of the "Historical Atlas of China" states that the geographical location of Gouding in several historical periods such as the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms Shu Han, and the Western Jin Dynasty were all marked at the location of today's Guangnan.

Fourthly, on the stone wall in Tonghe Cave on the left side of Banyi Reservoir, about 5 kilometers west of Guangnan County, there is a person signed Gouding Xia Yuan

, in the fifty-first year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1712), there was a five-character ancient poem engraved: "At the beginning of the second spring of Renchen ① accompanied the old master Zhong of the county to visit Tonghe ②

Five horses looked towards the cliff ravine, and suddenly The wild birds are noisy. Sometimes the cave swallows speak without words.

The cliff is a mysterious picture, and there is no explanation of the fairy tale.

Southern Huangchun is better, Xinlanyuan Huatun.

If you don’t travel anywhere, choose Baiyunheng. The remote streams are flowing, and the birds are singing in the forest.

Picking pine trees to explore the illusory path, hitting rocks to get the sound of gold. The dust has gone away leisurely, and the haze has spring on its sleeves.

Poetry written by Xia Yuan③ of Gouding"

The word "Gouding" before the signature of the five-character ancient stone carving in Tonghe Cave is the right name for the ancient Gogucho town, which was originally in Guangdong. Nan's testimony is close to historical facts.

Fifth, in September 2007, a large-scale wooden coffin Han tomb was excavated in Muyi Village, Heizhiguo Township, Guangnan County. 5.1 meters wide, 4.2 meters wide, and 1.95 meters high. Its scale is comparable to that of ancient Dian and the tombs of ancient Dian kings. This tomb has three floors made of ancient wood from top to bottom. There are also head boxes and wooden horse models in the tomb chamber, indicating that this tomb is Used by princes and nobles; more than 40 precious cultural relics such as yellow-glazed pottery, bamboo tubes, and lacquered wood ear cups were unearthed from the tomb. The yellow-glazed pottery pot was extremely rare at the time and was probably the "golden altar" used for reburying the bones; neatly written Chinese characters. The bamboo tube (wooden tablet) should be the "dispatch book" that was buried with him at that time; the lacquer fungus cup and the bottom of the lacquer plate also have the words "王" and "王成" in Zhu's script. This tomb is most likely that of Wang Cheng of Gouding. The tomb is less than 1,000 meters away from the "Azhang Bronze Drum" unearthed in 1919 at Baiyanjiao, Zhanghuaguo Village, Heizhi Goa (now kept in the Yunnan Provincial Museum and is the treasure of the town), and there are also other unearthed objects there. There are many exquisite bronzes such as bronze tripods and copper axes, and there are many ancient tombs and mounds to be excavated. All this shows that Guangnan is the place where King Gouding has lived for generations. The Zhuang people call it "Honggu". It means the residence of the old king. Accordingly, many experts and scholars said: "This is the cemetery of the king of Juding. The capital of Juding should be Guangnan. This is reflected in historical records and unearthed cultural relics." The mystery of Guangnan, the seat of the capital of Gomachi Kingdom, is based on facts. This is an unquestionable topic.

Since there are currently divergent opinions among various schools of thought, historical facts should be restored to the truth. I am writing this article to provide some guidance. My humble opinion is inevitably biased. I look forward to experts and scholars who will give me their advice.

Note: ① Renchen: the fifty-first year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1712 AD). ②Old Master Zhong: Zhong Yunyuan, whose courtesy name is Xinghua. Yi Zi Ru Boring, a native of Tieling, served as the prefect of Guangnan Prefecture in the Renchen year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. ③Xia Yuan: A native of Guangnan.

(The author is: Chairman of Guangnan County Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Executive Vice President of Juding Historical and Cultural Research Association, Editor-in-chief of "Bamei" magazine, Director of Yunnan Zhuang Society, Guangnan County Zhuang Society Vice President)