Travel Notes of Dubrovnik City Wall Tour Guide

: Zagreb, 1. Travel notes of Dubrovnik ancient city

1

Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia, and its history can be traced back to the 2nd century. This is a city with rich historical background. The city is divided into upper and lower districts. Shangcheng District is an ancient city full of historical charm. Visitors can walk on cobblestone streets and visit ancient medieval churches, towers and palaces.

2. Korchula

Korchula, the birthplace of KylePolo, a famous businessman and traveler, was built on the cape, guarding the narrow passage between the island and the mainland. It is an ancient city in Croatia. Korchula has picturesque scenery, simple town, long history and charming traditional culture. It has Venice Renaissance architecture, colorful markets and a large number of tourist facilities. The most popular activity on the island is the Kyle Polo Festival, which is a pop music celebration in memory of this historical explorer. Besides, the food in Kolchula is also the most attractive place. The local staple food mutton, salty ham and fresh seafood roasted with olive oil and coriander are all worth a try.

3. Pula (Yugoslav port)

Pula, built in the 2nd century BC, is an important port city in western Croatia. For centuries, Pula has been ruled by different government forces. Today, Pula belongs to Croatia, where there are rich Roman historical sites and buildings. The 1 century Roman Colosseum in the park is one of the largest and best-preserved arenas in the world. Other important historical buildings include the old city gate, arches, monasteries, Byzantine churches, Venice Fortress and the main square of the city.

4. zadar

Zadar is an ancient city with a history of 3,000 years, located on the beautiful Adriatic coastline. The most popular scenic spots in this city are Rome Square and the round St. donat Square. Church,12nd century Santa Ana Garcia Cathedral, Archaeological Museum, the oldest zadar University in Europe.

5. Rovini

Rovini is located in the Estella Peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. It is an archipelago of 20 islands, and the old city is located in a small part of the island. On the surface, it looks like a quiet fishing village, but a large number of historical sites and beautiful natural scenery make it the most popular tourist destination. Some historical treasures of the old city include the seven medieval city gates, the town clock in the12nd century, the Balbi Arch and the Mia Cathedral in St. You Fei.

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Split is the second largest city in Croatia and is known as the flower of the Mediterranean. The ancient Roman buildings and houses with orange roofs are in sharp contrast with the green oceans and mountains. The most famous building in this city is Diocletian's palace. This Roman emperor's palace complex was built between 298 and 305 AD. It itself is more like a small city, a marble walkway and a labyrinth of buildings. There are also many striking buildings in the palace, such as St.Duet#039 Cathedral and Jupiter Temple.

7.Chval

Chval is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Adriatic Sea. Chval, the main city of Chval, is a charming city with13rd century walls, marble streets, Gothic palaces, churches and a magnificent castle. Town Square is one of the largest and most beautiful squares in Croatia, surrounded by many historical buildings, such as17th century arsenal and St. Stephen's Cathedral.

8. Dubrovnik

Dubrovnik, known as the Pearl of Adriatic Sea, is one of the famous tourist attractions in the Mediterranean. Dubrovnik, located in the Adriatic Sea, made a living by maritime trade in the 7th century. There are many historical buildings in the old city, such as ancient defensive walls, cobblestone streets, magnificent palaces and churches. This is also a game of power for the king #039s to land in the city.

2. Introduction to Dubrovnik

1998 plague broke out because the crew did not abide by the 40-day quarantine system initiated by Venice in 1374 and improved by ragusa (now Dubrovnik, Croatia) three years later. Venice * * * and China began to reject suspicious ships in response to repeated outbreaks of epidemic diseases in various ports. However, it was soon discovered that even if suspicious ships gave up the huge commercial profits brought by rejected goods, they might also bring the Black Death. So in 1377, the first batch of infectious disease hospitals were established in the Fifth Maritime Republic (the name at that time emphasized the degree of trade). All the crew and passengers, even if they are healthy, must stay on the hospital island in front of these ports for one month. This preventive measure showed its effectiveness and was adopted by all ports in the Mediterranean within a few years. Soon, the stay time became 40 days. Because according to Hippocrates, in theory, an acute disease (such as plague) can have symptoms within 40 days, otherwise it is a chronic disease (so it can be inferred that it is not plague). Since then, plagues have appeared many times. In Europe, the most serious and recent plague epidemic occurred in Messina, Sicily in 1743. The main reason is that the cargo ship did not comply with the quarantine period system. This ship is one of many ships in the Ottoman Empire. Sicily, where they docked, was declared a free port by the Bourbon dynasty in 1734, aiming at promoting economic development.

On March 20th, 743, a Genoa merchant ship loaded with grain and cloth (an ideal habitat for rats and fleas) went to Messina. Although the health supervisor found that one of the sailors on board had died, the merchant ship was allowed to dock and disembark. Captain Jacob Bozo claimed that the death of sailor S was caused by trauma, and the evidence was the bodies of some slight black spots on the deceased. In the next few days, other sailors and captains also appeared the same spots and then died. This fact exposed the lie, but it was too late. In just a few months, 70% of the residents of Messina died, accounting for half of Reggio Calabria's total population of 50,000. However, unlike the plague that broke out in Messina in 1347 and afflicted Europe for nearly five years, the plague was called the Black Death, and this time it did not spread.

3. Dubrovnik attractions

Dubrovnik refers to Dubrovnik University in Croatia, which is not bad. Located in Dubrovnik, a port city in southeastern Croatia, it is the largest tourist center and health resort. Located in the limestone peninsula south of Dalmatia coast, it has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. Surrounded by mountains and seas, it is an ancient city with medieval characteristics and lush trees. In addition to Dubrovnik University, there are a maritime college, a tourism college, the graduate center of Zagreb University, the American Institute of Technology Management and the History College of the Croatian Society of Science and Art.

4. Dubrovnik Castle

Country name

Republic of Croatia. Helvetica； ;

national flag

The American flag of Croatia is rectangular, with an aspect ratio of about 3:2. It consists of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, which are red, white and blue from top to bottom. There is a national emblem in the middle of the national flag. Croatia declared its independence from the former Yugoslavia on June 25th, 199 1, and the new national flag was put into use on February 22nd, 1990.

national emblem

The national emblem of Croatia is the coat of arms. The shield consists of 25 red and white squares. There is a stylized crown on the top of the shield, which consists of five small shields. The patterns on the five small shields are from left to right: a white crescent moon and a yellow six-pointed star; Blue and red bands; Three yellow lion heads decorated with crowns; A goat with red horns and hooves; A mink and a six-pointed star. The national emblem comes from the symbol of the ancient kingdom of Croatia in the 9th century. The five small shields symbolize the five provinces and regions of the kingdom at that time.

State dignitaries

President Stepan Mesic was elected President in February 2000. In June 2005, he was re-elected as president.

physical geography

It covers an area of 56,538 square kilometers. Croatia is located on the southeast edge of Central Europe, northwest of Balkan Peninsula and east of Adriatic Sea. Italy borders the Adriatic Sea, with Slovenia and Hungary in the north, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the east and south. Southwest is Dinara Mountain, with karst landform. It is the Dalmatian coast, with Slovenian hills and sava river coastal plains in the north. The coastal climate is Mediterranean, and the inland climate gradually transits to the temperate continental climate. Agriculture is concentrated in the plains on both sides of sava river, and its agricultural products include sugar beet, corn, wheat, tobacco and grapes. Produce coastal olives, lemons, citrus and other subtropical fruits. Animal husbandry is developed in mountainous and hilly areas. Coal, oil, natural gas and bauxite are all mined. There are many islands in the country, with large and small islands 1 185, so Croatia has always been called the country of thousands of islands. Due to its special geographical location, Croatia has two different climate types. Coastal areas have a Mediterranean climate, while inland areas have a continental climate with four distinct seasons. Croatia is divided into three geographical regions: the north, the northeast plain, the central mountainous area, the Istra Peninsula and the Dalmatian coastal area.

Human population

42822 16 persons (July 2000). Ethnic groups are mainly Croats (78. 1%), while others are Serbs, Muslims, Hungarians, Italians, Albanians and Czechs. The official language is Croatian. The main religion is Catholicism (76.6% of the total population). Dubrovnik, a Croatian seaport city, is located on the Adriatic Sea and is a famous tourist center and health resort in Croatia. With beautiful scenery and mild climate, it is known as the pearl of the Adriatic Sea and the city museum. The city is divided into two parts: the old city and the new city. Dubrovnik is not only a well-preserved city in medieval Europe, but also a famous cultural city. Dubrovnik's Summer Drama Festival is held every year. At present, there are still about 4 million Croats living in neighboring countries outside Croatia, as well as the United States and other regions.

Most residents believe in Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity.

Currency dinar

capital

Zagreb is located in the northwest of Croatia, on the west bank of sava river, at the foot of Mount Medvini. It covers an area of 284 square kilometers. The population is 770,000 (200 1). 65438+ 10 monthly average temperature-1.6, July average temperature 20.9, and annual average temperature 12.7. The average annual precipitation is 890 mm.

Important city

Ojek, located in the eastern plain, is Croatia's granary.

Located in the north, Varazdin enjoys the reputation of a baroque city.

Rijeka, located in the northwest, has the largest port in Croatia. During the Roman Empire, Rijeka was once the largest port in Europe.

Dubrovnik is located at the southernmost tip and is known as the pearl of the Adriatic Sea. Although the Balkans were ruled by different nationalities for thousands of years, Dubrovnik remained an independent republic until it was occupied by Napoleon.

festival

New Year (65438+1 October1)

Labor Day (May 1 day)

Army Day (May 28th)

National Day (May 30th)

Victory Day (June 22nd)

Thanksgiving Day (August 5th)

Halloween (1 65438+1October1)

Christmas Day (65438+February 25th)

Second, a brief history

At the end of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, Slavs moved to the Balkans to settle down. At the end of the 8th century and the beginning of the 9th century, Croats established an early feudal state. /kloc-in the 20th century, a powerful kingdom of Croatia was established. From 102 to 1527, it was ruled by Hungarians. From 1927 to 19 18, it ruled until the collapse of Austria-Hungary. 19 18 and 12 years, Croatia and some southern Slavic peoples established the kingdom of Serbia-Croatia, and 1929 changed its name to the kingdom of Yugoslavia. 194 1 year, German and Italian fascists invaded Yugoslavia and established an independent Croatian state. 1945 After the victory of anti-fascism, Croatia merged with Yugoslavia. 1963 was renamed as one of the six countries. 1990 in may, Croatia held its first multi-party general election after world war ii, and the croatian democratic body won the ruling. In 65438+February of the same year, Croatia adopted a new constitution, which stipulated that Croatia was a sovereign democratic country. 199 1 On June 25th, Croatia declared its independence, and on October 8th,1kloc-0 officially declared its secession from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This caused armed resistance from Croatian Serb residents. 1In February 1992, a resolution was adopted to send the United Nations Protection Force to Croatian Serb residential areas. Croatia is a partner of NATO and is actively joining NATO.

1On 22 May 1992, Croatia joined the United Nations.

Three. economy

There are also abundant forests and water resources. The national forest area is 2.079 million hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 43.5%. In addition, there are oil, natural gas, aluminum and other resources. The main industrial sectors include food processing, textile, shipbuilding, construction, electric power, petrochemical, metallurgical, machinery manufacturing and wood processing industries. Croatia's tourism industry is developed, which is an important part of the national economy and the main source of foreign exchange income. The main attractions are the beautiful Adriatic coast, Plitwich Lake Group, Brioni Island and other national parks. Important ports and cities include Osijek, Rijeka, Split and Pula.

Diocletian Palace in Split, a historic city in Croatia. Diocletian Palace, built in 305 AD, covers an area of 30,000 square meters. The walls of the palace are 17-2 1 m high and 2m wide. The six marble columns at the main entrance were shipped from the Middle East, and the project is magnificent. 1979, Diocletian Palace was included.

Four. culture

There are many museums in Croatia, many of which are privately owned; The history of Croatian National Theatre can be traced back to 1868. The performance level is very high, but the ticket price is very low, which makes people easily exposed to elegant art.

invent

Iron, in Croatian, the name of Croatia is very similar to the word iron. Croats are hrvata and ties are kravata.

Pen, the inventor's surname is Pekala, and the Chinese translation is Pekkara. Pen is called Pen in English, probably from the surname of the inventor Penkala#039s.

News publications

From 65438 to 0996, Croatia had 1760 publishing units and published about 3000 kinds of publications. There are two kinds of national newspapers: 205,000 copies a day; 055-7900042000 copies; 9 kinds of local daily newspapers, such as Express120000; 055-790004000 volumes, etc.

In addition to the National Television (HTV), there are currently seven provincial and municipal commercial television stations in China. In addition, there are 65,438+008 radio stations in Croatia, including 3 national radio stations, 65,438+02 provincial radio stations and 93 municipal radio stations.

At present, there are four news agencies in Croatia, including Croatian News Agency (HINA), Croatian News Agency (Fay), Catholic News Agency (IKA) and Split Private News Agency (Stina). Among them, Keke News Agency is a national news agency, which was established in July 1990.

Verb diplomacy

Attach importance to developing friendly and cooperative relations with big countries; On the basis of resolutely safeguarding national interests, equality and mutual benefit, we will comprehensively develop relations with other countries in the political, economic and cultural fields, integrate into European economic security and integration, and attach importance to strengthening relations with Central Europe and neighboring countries.

Relations with China

1On April 27th, 1992, China recognized the Republic of Croatia, and on May 3rd of the same year, China and Croatia established diplomatic relations. In May 2005, Croatian Prime Minister Sanad paid an official visit to China, and the two countries signed a joint statement on establishing a comprehensive cooperative partnership.

Practice of intransitive verbs

Croatia and the United States also won many world championships in water polo and handball.

Croatia has a football club league. Dynamo Zagreb and hejduk Sprite are famous clubs in Europe. 1998 In the World Cup in France, the Croatian football team was a dark horse and won the third place.

Croatia is an important force in the football of the former Yugoslavia. With their unique talent and diligence, they have created countless classics in the history of football. After independence, the national football team has made great achievements in the World Cup and the European Championship. Among them, 1998, Croatia won the third place in the World Cup for the first time, and Suk became the top scorer. The jerseys of Croatia and the United States are also the colors of their national flags, and the classic red and white uniforms are unique in international football.

In terms of basketball, Yugoslav basketball game was once called the most concerned basketball game except NBA by western media. In table tennis, Croatia has a good tradition. European athletes have a high level.

There are many outstanding tennis players. Croatian tennis star Ivan Ljubicic was able to compete with Federer, and he also defeated Agassi. Goran Ivani Savage served as many as 227 Ace balls in the 200 1 Wimbledon Championship and won the men's singles title. Won the American singles championship as a wild card player. He announced his retirement in 2004, but came back once in 2005 and helped Croatia win the Davis Cup as a substitute. Croatia won for the first time.

Seven. historical?figure

Kyle Poirot, he was born on the Croatian island of Kaul La Chu. At that time, this area was ruled by Venice. Because his travels were written in Italian at that time, many people in the world called him Venetian or Italian.

Croatian scientist nikola tesla made many inventions when he was young. After working in America, he made a great contribution-he invented alternating current. In the history of science and technology, Tesla is known as an important promoter of human beings entering the electrical age.

The famous geologist Mocjolovich named a stratum after him.

Maxim 1975 was born in Benic, a Croatian town on the Adriatic Sea. He began to learn piano at the age of nine and immediately showed great talent for piano playing. (1999) won the first prize of Rubinstein Piano Competition. Now he is the prince of neoclassicism in Europe, piano master.

5. Old Town of Dubrovnik, Croatia

According to a comprehensive BBC report, the huge stone wall was once the last line of defense of the ancient city. After years of baptism, many of these cities have been destroyed, but some city walls still exist today, silently protecting the lifestyle of the residents in the city.

Highest: OldCityofJerusalem: Although the wall around the old city was built in16th century, this historic city has been surrounded by stone walls since biblical times.

Biggest: Dubrovnik, Croatia: In recent years, it has become the landing city of King #039s, and the hit American TV series Free Dalmatia has further enhanced the popularity of this Mediterranean city. (From: Tencent International News)

Longest: Wan Li Great Wall, China!

6. The ancient city of Dubrovnik in Croatia

Croatia is located in the Balkans. Like most parts of Europe, Croatia has medieval cities and many historical sites. The following are the eight most beautiful cities in Croatia, which are worth visiting.

1. Zagreb

Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia, and its history can be traced back to the 2nd century. This is a city with rich historical background. The city is divided into upper and lower districts. Shangcheng District is an ancient city full of historical charm. Visitors can walk on cobblestone streets and visit ancient medieval churches, towers and palaces.

2. Korchula

Korchula, the birthplace of KylePolo, a famous businessman and traveler, was built on the cape, guarding the narrow passage between the island and the mainland. It is an ancient city in Croatia. Korchula has picturesque scenery, simple town, long history and charming traditional culture. It has Venice Renaissance architecture, colorful markets and a large number of tourist facilities. The most popular activity on the island is the Kyle Polo Festival, which is a pop music celebration in memory of this historical explorer. Besides, the food in Kolchula is also the most attractive place. The local staple food mutton, salty ham and fresh seafood roasted with olive oil and coriander are all worth a try.

3. Pula (Yugoslav port)

Pula, built in the 2nd century BC, is an important port city in western Croatia. For centuries, Pula has been ruled by different government forces. Today, Pula belongs to Croatia, where there are rich Roman historical sites and buildings. The 1 century Colosseum in the park is one of the largest and best-preserved Colosseum in the world. Other important historical buildings include the old city gate, arches, monasteries, Byzantine churches, Venice Fortress and the main square of the city.

4. zadar

Zadar is an ancient city with a history of 3,000 years, located on the beautiful Adriatic coastline. The most popular scenic spots in this city are Rome Square and the round St. donat Square. Church,12nd century Santa Ana Garcia Cathedral, Archaeological Museum, the oldest zadar University in Europe.

5. Rovini

Rovini is located in the Estella Peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. It is an archipelago of 20 islands, and the old city is located in a small part of the island. On the surface, it looks like a quiet fishing village, but a large number of historical sites and beautiful natural scenery make it the most popular tourist destination. Some historical treasures of the old city include the seven medieval city gates, the town clock in the12nd century, the Balbi Arch and the Mia Cathedral in St. You Fei.

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Split is the second largest city in Croatia and is known as the flower of the Mediterranean. The ancient Roman buildings and houses with orange roofs are in sharp contrast with the green oceans and mountains. The most famous building in this city is Diocletian's palace. This Roman emperor's palace complex was built between 298 and 305 AD. It itself is more like a small city, a marble walkway and a labyrinth of buildings. There are also many striking buildings in the palace, such as St.Duet#039 Cathedral and Jupiter Temple.

7.Chval

Chval is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Adriatic Sea. Chval, the main city of Chval, is a charming city with13rd century walls, marble streets, Gothic palaces, churches and a magnificent castle. Town Square is one of the largest and most beautiful squares in Croatia, surrounded by many historical buildings, such as17th century arsenal and St. Stephen's Cathedral.

8. Dubrovnik

Dubrovnik, known as the Pearl of Adriatic Sea, is one of the famous tourist attractions in the Mediterranean. Dubrovnik, located in the Adriatic Sea, made a living by maritime trade in the 7th century. There are many historical buildings in the old city, such as ancient defensive walls, cobblestone streets, magnificent palaces and churches. This is also the landing city of the new newspaper Wang #039s.

7. Bristol tourist attractions

Bristol is 0/90km from London/Kloc.

Bristol, which faces the Irish Sea to the west, is the largest city in southwest England and one of the eight core cities in England. After World War II, Bristol developed into the space center of England. The suspension bridge is the most famous scenic spot in Bristol. Such a great bridge was built 100 years ago, which is enough to witness the prosperity of the British Empire in the past. Every year, Bristol hosts the Balloon Festival, Sao Paulo Carnival and Carnival, attracting a large number of tourists to see the grand occasion and feel the vitality and charm of the city.