Attractive tourist attractions in Jordan

Attractive tourist attractions in Jordan

Jordan is located in the west of Asia, northwest of Arabian Peninsula, bordered by Palestine and Israel in the west, Syria in the north, Iraq in the northeast, Saudi Arabia in the southeast and south, and the Red Sea in the south. Aqaba Bay is its only seaport. I have collected attractive tourist attractions in Jordan for your reference only, hoping to help you.

Petra (Petra)

Petra is located in the desert of southern Jordan, between the high mountains and valleys on the east side of the Arabian Valley, and the Dead Sea extends to the Gulf of Aqaba. It is an ancient city with a long history and splendid culture. It was once the capital of Nabatai Kingdom.

Nabatai is a Bedouin, a nomadic people in Arabia. From the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC, Nabatai people moved to the northwest of Arabia, which is now Jordan. They established a series of cities in the desert oasis, controlled the most important trade routes in ancient times, mastered the trade of frankincense, myrrh and spices, and became rich.

Petra is the center of Nabatai people and occupies a key position in the trade channel between the two river basins and Egypt. In the 4th century BC, the kingdom of Nabatai took Petra as its capital.

Petra is a city that is easy to defend but difficult to attack. The city of Petra is partly protruding and partly embedded in rocks, surrounded by mountains, winding roads and deep canyons.

The Sikh Canyon, which entered the center of the ancient city of Petra, is1.2km long and naturally formed by deep cracks in sandstone rocks. Most places are only three or four meters wide, and cliffs 100 meters high stand on both sides. Nabatai people are proficient in hydrological engineering and stone carving art, and cut waterways along the cliffs on both sides of Sikh Canyon Road to guide the floods in Musa Valley out of the city.

Through the Sikh Canyon, you can see the magnificent Kazini Temple. Kazini Temple is the greatest building in ancient times. It is carved from rock, 40 meters high, with exquisite Corinthian stigma, exquisite figure carving and decoration. Kazini Temple was built in 1 century, and is considered as the tomb of Aretas IV, King of Naba, Thailand. Legend has it that there is the treasure of the Egyptian Pharaoh hidden there.

The era when Kazini Temple was built was the most prosperous golden age of Nabatai Kingdom. Although Nabatai Kingdom surrendered to the Roman Empire in 1 century BC, it remained an independent kingdom for more than 200 years. The huge wealth brought by trade enables Petra to attract elites from all over the world. 1 century, the population of Petra reached 20,000.

During the Byzantine period, Petra was still the capital, when many Nabatai temples were converted into Christian churches. Petra was still prosperous in the 6th century. After the rule of the Arab Empire, the commercial road changed, and the appearance of the frankincense road at sea cut off Petra's economic pillar. In addition, many earthquakes have caused great damage to urban infrastructure, paralyzing the waterway system and making the city unable to maintain it. Petra was gradually abandoned in the Middle Ages. Petra was rediscovered by the world until the19th century.

Jerash (jerash)

Jerash is located in the north of Jordan, 48km away from the capital Amman, and is an ancient city with a long history of civilization. According to archaeological discoveries, people began to live here in the Bronze Age (about 3200 BC-65438 BC+0200 BC). Alexander and his general Per Dickas founded the city in 330 BC. In 63 BC, the Romans conquered it and later became a part of Roman Arabia. 1 century later, the Romans built the Roman Avenue in Arabian Province, and the trade flourished, and jerash ushered in an era of social prosperity. 129 to 130, the Roman emperor Hadrian visited jerash, and the Arc de Triomphe in jerash was built to welcome Hadrian.

In 794, jerash was hit by an earthquake, and the whole city suffered great damage. Since then, the continuous war has intensified the decline of the city, and the ancient city has gradually been abandoned and buried under the wilderness and soil. It was not until 1860 that German archaeologists rediscovered it.

Jerash is one of the best preserved ancient Roman city sites in the Middle East. The walls of the whole city, including residential quarters, temples, churches, public entertainment facilities and historical sites, are well preserved, which clearly reflects the living conditions of a city in Roman times, so some people call jerash "Pompeii in the Middle East". Unlike Pompeii, jerash was not buried by volcanic ash, but gradually abandoned in constant use. Therefore, different historical periods have left their marks on this city.

Wadi rum (Wadi rum)

Wadiram Desert is located in the south of Jordan, near the border of Saudi Arabia, east of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa and south of the steep cliff in the middle of Jordan Plateau, with an area of 74 1.8 square kilometers.

This natural geological landscape reserve shows the special geographical landscape formed by the interaction of different factors in the long river of years. Wadiram, like a geological museum, interprets the different structural forms of rocks under the impact of the earth plate, including rapid uplift, numerous faults and abundant joints. During the evolution of millions of years, the surface of Ram Valley has experienced drastic climate change from wet to dry. Weathering and erosion are like uncanny workmanship, shaping rocks into strange postures. Sandstone mountains and canyons, through the interaction of water, salt, biology and wind, have weathered into various forms, such as towering cliffs, huge natural landslide arches and deep holes ... It has become the most spectacular display platform for honeycomb weathering geological phenomena in the world.

Desert not only records the process of natural evolution, but also leaves traces of the development of human civilization.

Twelve thousand years ago, humans began to enter this area, and many prehistoric rock paintings, inscriptions and archaeological sites remained in the Ram River. Archaeological discoveries span all ages from Neolithic Age to Nabatai civilization. Animal husbandry and trade, agriculture and cities in the Arabian Peninsula have left their marks on the local environment. Empire and conquest, commerce and migration, thousands of years of history seems to be a drop in the ocean in the desert, and soon disappeared. Nature and human beings are not in the same time-space sequence.

Amman Castle Hill (Amman Castle)

Amman, the capital of Jordan, is a city full of Middle Eastern customs. Amman is built on seven hills. Located on the highest Jebel Kara Mountain, Amman Castle is the oldest residential area in Amman, which was built in BC 1800. During the reign of Ptolemy II, the city was rebuilt. The city is called Philadelphia, and its name comes from Ptolemy II's nickname Philadelphia.

Archaeological findings show that Amman has become a human settlement in the Neolithic Age, and the oldest statue of human beings was unearthed from the site of human life in 8500 BC.

After the Romans conquered the Levant in 63 BC, Roman rule began for four centuries. Philadelphia was an important city on the trade route from Aqaba to Damascus in Roman times, and its urban economy was prosperous. The Temple of Hercules on Castle Hill and the Roman Theatre on the hillside are the remains of Philadelphia's golden age. Many churches built in Byzantine period now have many sites.

After Islam was captured by Byzantines in 630 AD, Philadelphia was named "Amman" and began to integrate into Arab culture. The Umayyad dynasty built a big palace on the castle hill, and the ruins of this Umayyad palace have been preserved to this day. In the middle of the 8th century, Amman experienced several earthquakes, the city was destroyed, and Castle Hill gradually became a ruin. The latest architectural remains on the mountain are castles from the Crusader era.

/kloc-After 0/3rd century, Anman City expanded to other places. Castle Hill is no longer a livable area for residents, but now it has become a historical and cultural protection area in Amman for people to visit.

Kulzer Harana

The Umayyad dynasty was the first hereditary dynasty of the Arab Empire, which was founded by Muammar. In the 7th century, the Islamic army seized the Middle East from Byzantium, and its leader Muawiyah became the Syrian governor. In 66 1 year, after the death of Khalifa Ali, Muawaye was acclaimed as the caliph, with Damascus as its capital, and began the hereditary rule of Umayyad dynasty until it was overthrown by Abbas dynasty in 750.

In the Umayyad era, the territory of the Arab Empire continued to expand and became a big country spanning Europe, Asia and Africa. Syria and Palestine are the areas directly controlled by the caliph, and also the main activity areas of the Umayyad royal family.

Kulzer Amra is a summer palace built during the period of Walid II of Umayyad Dynasty, which is located in the desert in eastern Jordan. This desert castle was built in 723-743, near Wadi Butan Valley. It is not only a fortress, but also the residence and entertainment palace of the caliph.

This compound palace used to cover an area of 25 hectares, but now there are only some palace ruins and surrounding buildings. The ruins of the palace include a reception hall and a bathroom with a dressing room. The most valuable thing is the large number of murals preserved in the palace.

These murals are unique art during the Umayyad Dynasty. The theme is mainly secular life and fairy tales.

The murals in the reception hall show hunting, fruit, wine and naked women. Some animals in the murals come from Persia and other places. The vault of the bathroom is painted with starry sky and ecliptic, and the walls are scenes of hunting, lovers, gardens and palm trees. This painting has absorbed Byzantine and Persian painting styles, and there are inscriptions in Greek and Arabic on the wall.

Murals reflect the secular Islamic culture in Umayyad period. Many of these early scenes of Islamic life were destroyed in the severe religious environment. This palace may be precious because it survived in the desert.

Umm Lachasse archaeological site (Umma al-Jimal site)

The archaeological site of Umm Lachasai is located in the southeast of Madaba, on the semi-arid grassland. Originally a Roman military camp, it began to develop into a town in the 5th century. After three historical periods: Rome, Byzantium and early Muslims, it has left extremely rich relics, but most of them have not been excavated.

The sites exposed on the ground include fortified Roman barracks, city walls and 16 church, as well as quarries, terraces, canals and reservoirs around the city.

Umm Rashas used to be an important place for Christian missionary work and roads. In the 5th century, it became a church center and established many Byzantine churches, monasteries and places where monks practiced penance. Christian activities here, even during the Islamic period in the 7th and 8th centuries, still enjoyed a relatively relaxed environment.

St Stephen's Church, built from 756 to 785. It was built on the basis of the original Bishop Sergius Church in 587, and the foundation of the original church can be seen underground. St Stephen's Church has a magnificent structure, and the mosaics on the floor show high artistic achievements. This is the largest and best preserved mosaic floor in Jordan. These mosaics depict hunting and fishing scenes, as well as important Palestinian and Egyptian towns in Byzantine period. It is very rare to use Greek letters to represent place names, such as Amman, Madaba, Hirshbang, Ma 'an, Alabama, Calaque, Jerusalem, Nablus, Caesarea and Gaza. Six mosaic masters signed the mosaic painting.

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