Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province is a famous domestic tea producing area in China. What are its characteristics?

1 has a long history and a solid foundation.

(1) Hangzhou has been a famous tea producing area since ancient times, and the tea culture has a long history.

There is a lake in Jingjiang, Hangzhou. It has West Lake in the west and Qiantang River in the south. Influenced by the steam regulation of one river and one lake and the southeast Asian monsoon, the climate is warm and humid, sunny and drizzling, and the unique microclimate is very conducive to the growth of tea trees. Therefore, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Hangzhou was a famous tea-producing area. According to Lu Yu's Tea Classic, "Qiantang (tea) was born with Tianzhu and Lingyin Temple", and "Hang Lin 'an and Yuqian County were born with Chaoshan Mountain, just like Zhou Shu".

During the Southern Song Dynasty, tea business flourished in Hangzhou, and tea shops in the city flourished. At the same time, tea etiquette has become a system from temples to palaces to the people. The famous Jingshan Tea Ceremony was formed in this period.

(2) Many famous teas have built a solid foundation for Hangzhou tea culture.

Hangzhou has been a famous tea producing area since ancient times. For example, three famous teas from Ming Dynasty 13 were produced in Hangzhou. Today, the famous teas in Hangzhou mainly include: West Lake Longjing in West Lake District, Jingshan Tea in Yuhang District, Thousand Island Jade Leaves in Chun 'an County, Snow Water Cloud Green in Tonglu County, Thousand Island Silver Needle in jiande city, Tianmu Ding Qing in Lin 'an City, Fuchunming Road in Fuyang City, Marble Sanqing Tea in Xiaoshan District and osmanthus tea in Binjiang District. It is these famous teas that have built a solid foundation for Hangzhou tea culture.

2, the types are diverse and colorful.

(1) Beautiful tea country scenery

From Longjing Tea Town to Jingshan Tea Town and Tianmu Ding Qing Tea Town, all the tea towns in Hangzhou are beautiful and lush.

A tea garden is green as dye, and a layer of tea mountains is sky-high. During the spring tea, it was drizzling, covered with mountains and plains, and covered with clouds. The tea garden is surrounded by shade. Whenever the temperature rises in early spring, tea buds are like bamboo shoots awakened by winter thunder, spitting out salary buds, green tea bushes, azaleas all over the mountain, mountain streams, paths, birds singing, flowers and tea songs, and beautiful, exquisite and lively tea-picking girls shuttle among the tea bushes. It is not an exaggeration to call Chashan a fairyland on earth at this time.

Modern people live in a bustling city and yearn for a tea town as beautiful as a fairyland. After visiting Longjing Tea Village, Tang Tao, a modern poet, put forward that "a poet should not be a tea farmer". He said in the poem "Visiting meijiawu Tea Village in West Lake": "meijiawu Village is green and dry, and a wisp of smoke surrounds Xiufeng. Therefore, lakes and mountains return, and poets do not become tea farmers. "

(2) Exquisite tea-picking technology.

After hundreds of years of practice, Hangzhou tea farmers have accumulated a set of exquisite tea picking and tea making techniques.

Generally, before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, according to different grades, the standards of tea picking are also different. For example, the best Longjing tea has delicate buds and leaves, and the picking standard is to show one bud and one leaf first. There are about 80,000 tea buds per kilogram of dry tea.

The frying technology of Longjing tea is unique, and the frying techniques include shaking, taking, taking, throwing, pressing, expanding, buckling, pressing, grinding and pushing, which are called the top ten techniques. When frying, it changes from time to time, and it is very clever.

(3) Unique quality, style and taste.

Many famous teas in Hangzhou have their own unique quality and style. For example, West Lake Longjing is famous for its "green color, strong fragrance, sweet taste and beautiful shape". Its shape is like a bowl nail, its color is green or brown rice, it is fresh and oily, its aroma is fresh and lasting, its taste is sweet and delicious, its leaves are yellow and green, and it is tender and smooth. Camellia has delicate appearance, compact knot, green color, lasting chestnut fragrance, refreshing taste, light green soup color and tender and smooth leaf bottom; Thousand-island jade leaves are flat in shape, similar to jade leaves, with strong buds, mellow taste and foam resistance, bright soup color and thick and uniform leaf bottom; Snow clouds are straight and flat in green shape, pale green like lotus seeds, wrapped in silver velvet, fragrant and elegant, and so on.

Because most of the famous teas in Hangzhou are green teas, they taste unique. Taking Longjing tea as an example, it is advisable to brew it in a transparent glass. Looking through the glass, it looks like a blooming orchid, fresh as a flower, with flags and guns standing, bringing out the best in each other and being delicate and vivid; The tea soup is light green, clear and bright. Raise your glass and taste it. It is fragrant and delicious. Regarding the tasting of Longjing tea, Lu Ciyun once had a subtle admiration in the Qing Dynasty: "Longjing tea is really sweet as blue, quiet but not bitter, and it seems tasteless when sipped indifferently. After drinking, I feel a kind of harmony. There is no pearl flavor or even no taste between my teeth and cheeks. "

(4) Ancient and touching tea legends and anecdotes.

As the birthplace of many famous teas, Hangzhou has had many legends about tea since ancient times, including the legend of "Eighteen Emperors Tea" and the legend of the origin of the name "Longjing".

Famous tea also left many anecdotes with many celebrities. From Emperor Qianlong, who said that "tea is indispensable for a day", to revolutionaries of the older generation such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, to American President Nixon, North Korean Prime Minister Kim Il Sung, Japanese Prime Minister tanaka kakuei, Queen Elizabeth, and French President Pompidou, they all have deep roots with Longjing Rong.

These allusions and anecdotes are an indispensable part of tourism, which increase the cultural connotation and interest of the substantive landscape and can achieve fascinating results.

(5) Various forms of tea ceremony

The distinctive tea ceremony in Hangzhou tea culture is mainly composed of court tea ceremony, folk tea ceremony and temple tea ceremony.

The palace tea ceremony in Hangzhou has been quite large in the Song Dynasty and has a strong representation. Zhao estimates that there is a "Wen Hui map". At the bottom of the screen are four waiters serving tea and wine, with tea on the left and wine on the right. This huge plan can accommodate 12 people. There are precious humiliations, fruits and flower arrangements on the banquet table. There is a censer and a harp on the stone table behind the tree. The whole banquet was set in a spacious hall, and the atmosphere was more formal than ordinary tea drinking. This is a formal court tea party.

The folk tea ceremony in Hangzhou has developed rapidly since the Southern Song Dynasty (the Song Dynasty was the period when tea culture expanded from the middle class to the bottom, making tea culture gradually become the etiquette and fashion of the whole nation), and a considerable part of it has continued to this day. The main manifestations are: welcoming guests and seeing them off with tea, giving priority to courtesy, especially at the level of marriage sacrifice.

For example, Wu's Dream describes the "tea ceremony" in the wedding custom in Hangzhou at that time, commonly known as "tea ceremony", that is, the dowry for a man to propose to his wife. Of course. Longjing tea is the main content of bride price. Tea ceremony is an important form for men and women to finally determine their marriage relationship.

In many places in Hangzhou, on New Year's Eve, bodhisattvas are invited to take the first tea picked in that year as an offering, and pray for good weather and a bumper harvest of tea in the coming year. On the morning of New Year's Day, every household should let men get up first, make a cup of Longjing tea with an annual output, take two golden balls and put them in front of the Kitchen God Hall to pay homage to the God of heaven and earth. Every year, before the new tea goes on the market, it is also necessary to sacrifice to the gods and ancestors of heaven and earth, in order to let them taste the new tea first and give it to relatives and neighbors with fine fruits of various colors, which is called "seven teas". Tea farmers are most afraid of drought and insect pests. In case of drought and insect disaster, they must sacrifice pig heads to the Dragon King Bodhisattva and Jiang Meng Bodhisattva, and sometimes carry the throne of the Dragon King, beating gongs and drums all the way, and go for a ride on Chashan. It's called ecstasy. The purpose is to ask for rain and eliminate pests.

Tea ceremony in Hangzhou Temple is a unique tea culture etiquette in Hangzhou. Tea culture in Hangzhou is closely related to Buddhism. According to records, the earliest tea garden in Hangzhou was a temple. Lu Yu wrote in the Book of Tea: "Qiantang (tea) gives birth to Tianzhu, Lingyin Temple." Baoyun Temple, Baishi Temple and Cooking Temple in the mountainous areas of the two lakes in Hangzhou all produce tea. Moreover, the health preservation and meditation in tea science are consistent with Buddhism, which promotes the development of temple rituals. One of the most famous is the Jingshan Temple Tea Banquet in Yuhang. Jingshan Temple in Song Dynasty is named after Buddha and tea, and is known as the crown of the mountains in the south of the Yangtze River. At the tea banquet, we should sit and talk about Buddhist scriptures, tea ceremony and poetry. Jingshan's tea banquet has certain procedures.

(6) Tea poems, tea words and tea couplets that appeal to both refined and popular tastes.

There are many famous tea poems and words in Hangzhou, which run through ancient and modern times. For example, Jiao Ran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, drank Tianmu tea for Lu Xun, Huang Fuzeng, a contemporary of Lu You, sent Lu Hung-chien back to pick tea every day, and Gan Long wrote a tea-picking song, a tea before the rain in Longjing, and a well in Youlong. He accidentally sat on Longjing to make tea. In particular, "Longjingchun, the new tea of Longjing, is called cooking", "The fire is tender before, and the fire is old after, but riding a fire is the best. West Lake Longjing is famous for its time-honored brand. It's time to try it. Modern times, such as Zhou Xiangjun's "Longjing Tea Tiger Flowing Water", are fascinating.

Tea couplets in Hangzhou mainly focus on tea affairs, and are often hung in Hangzhou teahouses, teahouses, tea rooms, tea shops, teahouses or on stone pillars. There used to be many tea couplets in Linhaiting, Jiuxi Tea Farm and Ouxiangju in several streams in Hangzhou. Now there are many tea couplets in Xiucuitang Tea Room in Longjing, Jiuxi Eighteen Stream Tea Hall and L Xihu International Tea Village, the home of tea people. Such as: "It is better to stay in a small place and eat Zhaozhou tea; Life can slow down, try to sing the same song as an all-consuming love. ""Nothing to do, Linxi, have a cup of tea; There are springs to fill, and then come back when you are free. The spring comes from the stone, and the tea white peak is more round. Tigers run in spring, and the famous tea is Longjing. If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, it is definitely not as beautiful as famous tea. These tea couplets often give people the beauty of simplicity and elegance, as well as righteousness and wisdom, and can also increase the taste of tea.

(7) Hangzhou Teahouse with Unique Charm

Teahouses in Hangzhou have a long history. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the tea business flourished, the Jin people destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty made Hangzhou its capital, which brought Confucianism and court culture of the Central Plains here and made this this beautiful city tea shop prosper. "Dream of Liang Lu" contains: "Hangzhou tea shop arranges flowers at four o'clock, celebrities paint and decorate the facade, and sells strange tea and soup at four o'clock." At that time, there were many kinds of teahouses, some drank tea while listening to Qin telling stories, some literati gathered for tea parties, and some street vendors often talked about the land while fighting tea at street tea stalls. Zhao specially recorded this scene in "Dou Cha Tu". Teahouses were very common in Ming Dynasty, and both Zhang Dai and Wu described them in detail in their literary works. In The Scholars, a Mr. Ma Er went to Wu Shan and saw that "there are more than 30 tea sellers in this street alone". /kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, there were more than 200 teahouses in Hangzhou, including the suburbs.