Afghanistan tourist attractions English introduction Afghanistan tourist attractions pictures.

Introduction to English Place Names in Specific English

A

Afghanistan

Albania Albania

Algeria Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

Armenia

Australia, Australia

Austria

Azerbaijani, Azerbaijan

B

Bahamas, Bahamas

Bahrain Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus Belarus

Belgium /Xtra page

Belize Belize

Benin Benin

Bhutan Bhutan

Bolivia Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana Botswana

Brazil Brazil

Brunei Brunei

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi, Burundi

C

Cambodia, Cambodia

Cameron, Cameroon

Canada Canada

Cape Verde, Cape Verde

Central African Republic

Chad is in Chad.

pepper

China, China

Columbia

Comoros Comoros

Congo (DRC) Congo (Congo-Kinshasa)

Congo Congo

Costa Rica, Costa Rica

C? te d 'Ivoire, C? te d 'Ivoire

Croatia Croatia

Cuba Cuba

Cyprus Cyprus

Czech/former Czechoslovakia

D

Denmark

Djibouti Djibouti

Dominic Dominic

Dominican Republic, Dominica

E

East Timor, East Timor

Ecuador

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea Eritrea

Estonia Estonia

Ethiopia Ethiopia

European Union (EU)

F

Fiji

Finland Finland

France

G

Gabon Gabon

Gambia

Georgia Georgia

Germany/Former East Germany Former East Germany

Ghana

Greece Greece

Grenada

Guatemala Guatemala

Guinea-Bissau

Guinea. Guinea

Guyana, Guyana

H

Haiti Haiti

Honduras Honduras

Hungary

I

Iceland Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq Iraq

Ireland, Ireland

Israel

Italy

J

Jamaica

Japan Japan

Jordan Jordan

K

Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan

Kenya Kenya

Kiribati Kiribati

North Korea (North)

South Korea (South)

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan

L

Laos Laos

Latvia Latvia

Lebanon Lebanon

Lesotho, Lesotho

Liberia

Libya, Libya

Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg, Luxembourg

M

Macedonia

Madagascar Madagascar

Malawi Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives, Maldives

Mali Mali

Malta Malta

Marshall Islands, Marshall Islands

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mexico

Micronesian amnesia

Moldova Moldova

Monaco

Mongolia Mongolia

Morocco Morocco

Mozambique Mozambique

Myanmar Myanmar

ordinary

Namibia

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Nauru, Nauru

Nepal Nepal

the Netherlands

New Zealand New Zealand

Nicaragua Nicaragua

Niger Niger

Nigeria

Norway

O

Oman Oman

P

Pakistan

Palau Palau

Palestine Palestine

Panama Panama

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea

Paraguay, Paraguay

Peru Peru

Philippines Philippines

Poland

Portugal Portugal

Q

Qatar

rare

Romania

Russia/the former Soviet Union

Rwanda Rwanda

S

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia, Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

El Salvador is in El Salvador.

Samoa Samoa

San Marino

S?o Tomé and Príncipe

Saudi Arabia

Senegal, Senegal

Seychelles Seychelles

Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone

Singapore

Slovakia

Slovenia, Slovenia

Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands

Somalia

South Africa

Spain Spain

Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka

the Sudan

Suriname, Suriname

Swaziland Swaziland

Sweden

Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland

Syria Syria

T

Tajikistan, Tajikistan

Tanzania Tanzania

Thailand Thailand

Togo

Tonga Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia, Tunisia

turkey

Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan

Tuvalu, Tuvalu

U

Uganda Uganda

Ukraine

The United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom/Northern Ireland

United Nations Organization (UNO)

Uruguay Uruguay

United States of America (USA)/Puerto Rico

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan

V

Vanuatu Vanuatu

Vatican city

Venezuela, Venezuela

Vietnam (former North Vietnam)/former South Vietnam, former South Vietnam

Y

Yemen/Former North Yemen Former North Yemen/Former South Yemen Former South Yemen

Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia/former Yugoslavia, former Yugoslavia

Z

Zambia

Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe/Former Rhodesia Former Rhodesia

Introduction to Afghanistan English

General situation of Afghan Khan

Country name: Afghanistan

Independence Day: August 19 (19 19)

Afghan New Year (Ali): March 2 1

Independence Day: August 65438, 2009

Eid al-Fitr: (The date varies from year to year, depending on the Islamic lunar calendar)

Eid al-Adha: (The date varies from year to year, depending on the Islamic lunar calendar)

National Flag: On February 5, 2002, Afghanistan adopted a new national flag. The new national flag is designed according to the Afghan Constitution 1964, and consists of black, red and green stripes and the national emblem of Afghanistan.

State dignitaries: President Hamid Karzai, who served as Chairman of the Interim Government of Afghanistan on February 22, 2006, was elected President of the Transitional Government at the Emergency Loya Jirga in Afghanistan from June 6 to 5, 2002, and his term of office was until the general election in 2004. In June, 2004, he was elected President of Afghanistan for five years, and was sworn in in February, 65438. Former king Zahir

Physical geography: covers an area of 652,300 square kilometers. Located at the intersection of West Asia, South Asia and Central Asia, it has an important geographical position and is a north-south transportation hub. It borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, China in the northeast, Pakistan in the east and southeast, and Iran in the west. The territory is mountainous, with plateaus and mountains accounting for 4/5 of the land area, with plains in the north and southwest and deserts in the southwest. Average elevation 1000 m. The largest Hindu Kush mountain range in China slopes from northeast to southwest. The main rivers are Amu Darya, helmand river, Kabul River and Khairud River. The continental climate makes the whole country dry and less rainy, with large annual and daily temperature difference, obvious seasons, severe cold in winter and extremely hot in summer.

Population: 27.75 million (July 2002), with 40% Pashtuns and 25% Tajiks. In addition, there are more than 20 ethnic minorities such as Uzbek, Hazara, Turkmen, Baluchistan and Nuristan. The official languages are Pashto and Dari (Persian), while other local languages are Uzbek, Baluchi and Turkish. More than 98% of the residents believe in Islam, of which 90% are Sunnis and the rest are Shiites.

A Kochi man leads a camel on the grassland north of Kabul. The Kochi people have lived a nomadic life for generations and migrated from northern Afghanistan to the relatively warm south every winter.

The three main ethnic groups in Afghanistan

The population of Pashtuns is 1 1 10,000, accounting for about 40% of the total population of Afghanistan. Pashtuns ruled the country on and off for two centuries. The overthrown King Zahir, Taliban leader Omar and former Prime Minister hekmatyar are all Pashtuns. Most Pashtuns are Muslim Sunnis. Pashtuns mainly live in the southern foot of Hindu Kush Mountain. Since the second half of the19th century, Pashtuns began to migrate northward from the Hindu Kush Mountains, leaving several Pashtun enclaves (in Kunduz, Maimana and Mazar-i-Sharif). In northern Afghanistan, the number of Pashtuns is less than 15%.

Bamiyan Town is located in the depths of Hindu Kush Mountain.

Tajikistan, the second largest ethnic group, has a population of 5 million, accounting for 25% of the national population. Tajiks are Muslims and Sunnis. They are a talented people in the history of Afghanistan and have a strong influence in the country. Most ministers, bankers and big businessmen come from this country. They mainly live in Badakhshan, Takhar, Herat, Juzjan, Samangan, Balkh, Kunduz and other provinces and Panjshir Valley. Most Kabul people are Tajiks, too. If Rabbani's brief rule was not included, Tajiks always ruled Afghanistan twice-in the14th century and in the late 1920s. The main language of Tajiks in Afghanistan is Dari. Tajiks in the northeast speak Tajik. Tajiks are the backbone of the Northern Alliance. The late General Masood, President Rabbani, General fahim and General Ismail Khan were all Tajiks.

Uzbekistan, the third largest nation, has a population of 2.3 million. Uzbeks live quite densely in the provinces near the Commonwealth of Independent States. Uzbeks in Afghanistan are Muslim Sunnis and mainly speak two languages-Uzbek and Dari.

A "sheep-picking" competition on horseback

Capital: Kabul, with a population of about 265,438+500,000 (2003). The climate is mild, with four distinct seasons, and the annual average temperature is about 65438 03℃.

Administrative divisions: China is divided into 33 provinces, with counties, districts, townships and villages. Name of provinces: Kabul, Badakhshan, Takhar, Kunduz, Balkh, Juzjan, Faryab, Badghis, Herat, Gul, Sarpule, Samangan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Palvin, Wardak, Kapisa, Laghman, Nuristan, Kunar, Nangarhar, logar, Ghazni.

Brief history:15th century ago, it was the trade and cultural exchange center of Europe, the Middle East, India and the Far East. /kloc-Afghanistan became closed after the opening of the sea route from Europe to India at the end of 0/5. 1747, the Afghan people drove away foreign invaders, established an independent and once powerful kingdom of Afghanistan, and became a Muslim country second only to the Ottoman Empire. /kloc-After the 0/9th century, Afghanistan became a place contested by Britain and Russia. 1838-1842 Britain failed to launch the first war of aggression against Afghanistan; 1878, Britain invaded Albania for the second time, signed the Gan-Damak Treaty with Albania, and Albania lost its diplomatic rights. 1885 tsarist Russia occupied Albanian "Andrea Peng" oasis. 1893 Afghanistan and Britain's king abdul rahman signed a new border agreement on the Duran Line between Afghanistan and British India. 1895, Britain and Russia concluded an agreement to divide the Pamirs and divide Vaughan into a buffer zone between Britain and Russia. 19 19 The Afghan people gained independence after defeating the third British invasion, and designated August 19 as Afghanistan's independence day. 1929 65438+ 10 Arab right-wing religious forces and tribal armed forces rioted at the instigation of Britain and overthrew the Oman Nura dynasty. In the same year, Nadir, who was born in the royal family, returned to Afghanistan from France, defeated the tribal armed forces and became king on his own. 1933165438+1October, King Nadir was assassinated and his son Zahir succeeded him.

In February 2004, two women walked past a clothing store in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. It has been more than two years since the fall of the Taliban regime, and clothing stores that were once banned have reappeared on the streets of Kabul. However, in some remote provinces of Afghanistan, the conservative forces are quite strong, and women's clothing stores are still prohibited from opening.

1973 Former Prime Minister daud launched a military coup, overthrew the Zahir dynasty, established the Afghan Republic, and daud came to power. 1In April, 978, the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan launched a military coup, overthrew the government, changed its name to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, and Talacchi came to power. In September of the following year, when the People's Democratic Party clashed, Hafizula Amin killed Talacchi instead. 1979 12 Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan, overthrew Amin's regime and fostered babrak karmal's puppet regime. In order to safeguard national independence, the Afghan people launched an armed struggle against foreign aggression and established many armed resistance organizations. 1987165438+10 In October, the Afghan Grand National Assembly made a decision to formally rename the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan as the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. 1989 February 15, the Soviet Union was forced to withdraw all its troops from Afghanistan. After the withdrawal of the Soviet Union, civil war broke out in Afghanistan because the factions could not reach an agreement on the distribution of power. 1992 On April 16, President najibullah announced his resignation. On April 28th, 1992, the country was renamed the Islamic State of Afghanistan. In 65438+February of the same year, Rabbani, Chairman of the Islamic Promotion Association, was elected President of the Afghan Transitional Government for a term of two years. However, due to Lala's overdue refusal to hand over power, the power struggle among various factions in Afghanistan has intensified and the military conflict has intensified. 1994, the student armed Taliban suddenly rose. 1996 The Taliban expelled the Rabbani regime from Kabul and established the regime. 1997 10 was renamed as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. After the "911"incident, the United States quickly launched military operations in Afghanistan, and the Taliban and Al Qaeda were basically eliminated. 200165438+On February 5th, the Afghan interim government was established and Karzai was elected as the chairman of the interim government. From June 1 1 to June 19, 2002, the Afghan Emergency Loya Jirga was held in Kabul, and the cabinet of the Afghan Transitional Government with Karzai as President was elected, with a term of office until the 2004 general election. In June 2004, Karzai was elected as the first democratically elected president in the history of Afghanistan with an absolute advantage. His term of office was five years and he was sworn in in in February 65438.

Horsepower rental in Herat, a city in western Afghanistan.

Cars. In Herat, the price of this kind of carriage is higher than others.

Ordinary taxis are cheap, and horses pulling carts also take them.

Dressed up as "beautifully dressed", it has become a landscape of the city.

Politics: On June 5438+ 10, 2004, the Afghan Constitutional Loya Jirga (Grand National Assembly) adopted a new constitution. According to the new constitution, Afghanistan has a presidential system. Parliament is the highest legislative body of the country, which consists of the lower house and the upper house. The total number of parliamentarians is between 220 and 250, and there are at least 1 female parliamentarians in each province. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the people in a free, universal, secret and direct way for a term of five years. Members of the upper house are elected by the provincial Council for a term of four years; The district councils of the provinces elect 1 members for a term of three years. One third of the other members of the House of Lords are appointed by the President among experts and experienced people, and two of them are representatives of the disabled. At the same time, 50% of the people appointed by the President must be women. Islam is the state religion, nationalization of the army, equality between men and women, equality of all ethnic groups and national unity, all of which are written into the new constitution as the basic principles of the country's political and social life. Memorabilia of the political process in Afghanistan: the evolution of the political system in Afghanistan, the main political parties in Afghanistan, and the elections in Afghanistan.

In a jewelry store in Kabul, the clerk (right) is waiting for customers to buy lapis lazuli jewelry. Lapis lazuli is a very unique and rare rock, which is composed of blue minerals, indefinite pyrite, calcite and other minerals, showing a unique deep blue, light blue and pure cyan. Can be used for carving ornaments and making jewelry. The top lapis lazuli is worth about $300 per kilogram, and the worst lapis lazuli is not less than $40. Lapis lazuli is called "treasure" by Arab countries. Afghanistan is the most important and famous place of lapis lazuli in the world, and lapis lazuli is known as the "national stone" of the country.

Economy: Afghanistan is a backward country in agriculture and animal husbandry. 197 1 was listed as one of the least developed countries in the world by the United Nations. Afghanistan is rich in mineral resources, but it has not been fully developed. At present, the proven resources mainly include natural gas, coal, salt, chromium, iron, copper, mica, emerald and so on. Afghanistan may have the richest copper mine, the fifth largest iron ore vein and 73 million tons of coal in the world. In addition, natural gas reserves are about185.2 billion cubic meters, and oil reserves are about 95 million barrels. Most rivers in Afghanistan are inland rivers, which flow into deserts and lakes. The main rivers are Amu Darya, Kabul River, helmand river and Hariru River. Years of war led to several collapses of Albania's industrial base. Light industry and handicrafts, mainly textiles, fertilizers, cement, leather, carpets, electricity, sugar production and agricultural products processing. Handicraft industry accounts for about 42% of industrial output value. Agriculture and animal husbandry are the main pillars of Albanian national economy. The population of agriculture and animal husbandry accounts for 80% of the total population of China. Cultivated land in China is less than 10% of the total land area. The main crops are wheat, cotton, sugar beet, dried fruit and various fruits. The main livestock products are big-tailed sheep, cattle and goats. The main export commodities are natural gas, carpets, dried and fresh fruits, wool and cotton. The main imported commodities are all kinds of food, motor vehicles, petroleum products and textiles. After more than 20 years of war, Albania's economy has been seriously damaged, especially in transportation, communication system, light and heavy industries, education and agricultural infrastructure, and there is a shortage of production and living materials. More than 6 million people went into exile and became refugees. Since the establishment of the Afghan Transitional Government, many measures have been taken to stimulate domestic economic reconstruction. The Afghan government actively uses international aid to restore the hematopoietic function of the domestic economy, and vigorously develops infrastructure construction related to the national economy and people's livelihood, such as transportation, energy and irrigation. At the same time, an investment law was promulgated to encourage foreign enterprises to invest in Afghanistan. After years of depression, Afghanistan has gradually begun the process of post-war economic reconstruction. Currency name: afghani (ani for short). On June 7th, 2002, 10, the Afghan Transitional Government issued a new currency, ANI, with a ratio of 1: 1000.

Press and publication: The main newspapers are Kabul Times (the official newspaper of Afghanistan), Kabul Weekly (the only English newspaper in Afghanistan), Motherland and anis. Radio Afghanistan was founded in 1925 and broadcasts in 9 languages. Afghan TV Station was established in 1978 and broadcasts in Persian and Pashto.

Diplomacy: The Afghan government has always pursued the policy of independence, neutrality and non-alignment and is one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. After the establishment of the transitional government, Albania pursued an active foreign policy, adhered to the principle of friendly coexistence with other countries, and strived to integrate into the international community.

Relations with China: Afghanistan established diplomatic relations with China on 19551October 20th. Before 1979, the two countries maintained friendly relations and leaders of the two countries exchanged visits many times. During the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the China administration did not recognize the Afghan government. Normalization of relations between the two countries. April 2005 Afghan Vice President khalili visited China.

Who can help me translate this country introduction about Afghanistan? 1

The recent history of Afghanistan is a history of war and social unrest. The Soviet Union was invaded in 1979, but was forcibly replenished and trained by the Mujahideen. After 10, it was forced to retreat by the United States, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and others. 1992 * * The capitalist regime continued to fight in Kabul until it collapsed. Subsequently, fighting broke out between different factions of jihadists, and Ascension Island eventually led to a scuffle between Taliban warlords. With the support of foreign sponsors, 1996 Taliban rose as a political force and finally seized power. The Taliban can capture most countries, mainly the northeast outside the northern alliance fortress. After the terrorist attacks on September 1 2006, the military actions of the United States, the United States and the Northern Alliance brought down the Taliban. At the end of 2006, the main leaders of the Afghan opposition and the Jewish diaspora met in Bonn, Germany, and agreed on a plan to form a new government structure. Hamid will hold the inauguration ceremony of the chairman of the Afghan interim government on February 22, 2006. The Islamic League of Afghanistan held a National Loya Jirga in June 2002, and Karzai elected the President of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan by secret ballot. In February 2002, TISA marked the fall 1 anniversary of the Taliban. The transitional authorities convened the Constitutional Loya Jirga from February 65438, 2003 to April 65438, 2004, and ended the recognition of the new constitution. The Constitution was signed from June 65, 2004 to1October 65, 2004, emphasizing the strong administrative department, the moderate role of Islam and the basic protection of human rights. According to the timetable of Bonn Agreement, TISA's next task is to hold national elections in the first half of 2004, but the elections may be postponed due to the preparations for the election. The national election will formally dissolve the transitional government and establish a government in Afghanistan according to the new constitution. Apart from occasional violent political struggles and continuous military operations, the country suffers from great poverty, lack of skilled and educated workers, destruction of infrastructure and landmines.

Interviewee: ha0zz 1mo- probationary period level 1 5- 16 05:4 1.

Background:

The modern history of Afghanistan is a history full of wars and internal turmoil. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, but was forced by the United States, Saudi Arabia and God.

The threat of anti-capitalist Muslim armed guerrillas supplied and trained by Pakistan and other countries forced them to withdraw their troops after ten years. And in

The capitalist regime in Kabul (the capital of Afghanistan) was not disintegrated until it hit 1992. The fighting then took place among different Muslim armed forces.

The outbreak of various factions triggered a scuffle between warlords, and finally produced the Taliban (Persian meaning student). As a result of going out

With the support of China's army, the Taliban has developed into a