A Study of Tour Guide Words in Shuidonggou, Ningxia

Shuidonggou was accidentally discovered by Belgian priest Kent in 19 19. 1923, two French paleontologists, De Jinri and Sang Zhihua, officially excavated the Shuidonggou site, and finally formed the "China Shuidonggou-Paleolithic Archaeological Report", which was officially published in 1928, marking the discovery and excavation of Shuidonggou site. Next, I sorted out the guide words about Shuidonggou in Ningxia, which is convenient for everyone to read and appreciate!

Guide words of Shuidonggou in Ningxia 1

According to the natural environment reflected by the animal fossils unearthed in the late Pleistocene strata in Shuidonggou, it can be considered that during the Shuidonggou culture period, the natural environment here was a flat grassland and desert zone, and the spruce in Helan Mountain once expanded to a certain extent, and there were also animals such as rhinoceros pilosa, Platycladus pulcheri, wild donkey, deer, buffalo, Platycladus pulcheri and ostrich. Used to be active. The cold and humid environment in the valleys and plains of northern China also affected the Shuidonggou area, forming flowing water. 30,000 years ago, the earth belonged to the Quaternary Ice Age. At that time, the Shuidonggou was rich in aquatic plants, which was very suitable for human survival. The green lake is sparkling and surrounded by lush vegetation. Rhinoceros, wild donkeys and primitive cattle graze leisurely in the grass by the lake. Antelopes and wildebeests forage for dewy fat leaves in the bushes between the lake and the desert, and flocks of ostriches walk fast in the sand dunes. On the lakeside and grassland, young people, both men and women, should go hunting with sticks and stone tools. The weapons they used were too primitive. Sometimes, after running for a day, they can't even catch a wild animal, so they have to dig up the roots of some plants and collect wild fruits and grass seeds to make a living. Once the animals are caught, they will smile like a festival, peel off their skins, sit around, bake food on the bonfire, and dance happily around the bonfire when they are happy.

Guide words of Shuidonggou in Ningxia II

An extinct mammal was once the main hunting target of Shuidonggou people in Paleolithic age. Hairy rhinos are covered with long hair and thick fluff to keep out the cold. This animal's skull is long and big, its head and neck droop downward, and there are rhinoceros horns on its forehead and nose, especially its nose horns, which are long and lean forward. It lived about 2 million years ago-/kloc-0.0 million years ago.

Hairy rhinoceros is of great significance to the discovery of Shuidonggou. 19 19, when Belgian priest Kent passed by Shuidonggou, he found a hairy rhinoceros skull fossil on the cliff, and then told his good friend, French paleontologist Sang Zhihua. Later, Sang Zhihua and De Jinri inspected and excavated Shuidonggou, unveiling the mystery of Shuidonggou sleeping for tens of thousands of years.

The three lifelike figures we saw, Li Yong 2, who hosted the program with Li Yong and Zhou Tao on 201kloc-0/Lantern Festival, were all created by the same company, namely Xi 'an Superman Company.

In the statue, the slender French paleontologist De Jinri appeared, and the stout museum scientist Sang Zhihua appeared. The young man holding a teapot and teacup is the shopkeeper Zhang San, and the wife faintly visible in the room is called Ziyi, who is said to look like Zhang Ziyi.

On June 1923, 1 1, Sang Zhihua and his old friend De Jinri set out from Tianjin, went west along the left bank of the Yellow River, crossed Wulashan to Shuidonggou, and lived in Zhangsan Xiaodian, where they made scientific investigations and excavations.

After dinner that day, Sang Zhihua and De Jinri couldn't help their inner urgency and walked along the bottom of the ditch. When they came to a cliff parallel to the Great Wall, they suddenly found a flash of phosphorus fire on the cliff. Rich archaeological knowledge made them immediately judge that there must be bones there. They hurried back to the store, found Zhang San, gave him five silver dollars, asked for a big ladder, and climbed to the cliff to dig at night. The first night, they dug up a fossil animal skull. In the next ten days, Sang Zhihua and De Jinri hired local farmers to dig up more than 300 kilograms of stone cores, scrapers, sharp stones and other stone tools. Because at that time, China was in the war years, and it could not provide advanced and suitable research conditions. After carefully numbering the stone tools, they packed them in wooden boxes and shipped them back to France for in-depth study. From 65438 to 0928, they announced to the world with rigorous academic attitude and scientific facts that the discovery and excavation of Shuidonggou site marked the end of the assertion that there was no Paleolithic culture in China. The discovery of Shuidonggou shocked the European archaeological community. Before that, western scholars always thought that there was no Paleolithic Age in China, which means that our ancestors migrated from the west.

Guide words of Shuidonggou in Ningxia 3

Here, we show you the ancient animal fossils unearthed in Shuidonggou. From these displayed animal fossils, we can see that ancient animals were generally larger in size. This is the bighorn deer unearthed in Shuidonggou. This ancient deer has amazing horns, and the width of the horn surface is usually 2.5 meters, so it is called the Bighorn Deer, which is the main hunting object of ancient Shuidonggou.

The swollen-boned deer (also called swollen-boned bighorn deer) is a kind of bighorn deer. It is as big as an elk. Skull and limb bones are also very strong. The mandible is obviously swollen and thick, hence the name swollen bone deer.

From the initial bull head, it can be seen that the bison was huge at that time. According to experts' calculations, if it is restored, it will weigh about 2 tons, which is equivalent to the weight of an underage elephant.

The Platts wild horse is strong, with a body length of about 2.8m, a height of over 1 m and a weight of about 300kg. Stone tools unearthed in Shuidonggou. 0 13 is displayed.

1, Lu Varloud-Valle stone core first appeared in Lu Varloud-Valle, so it was named Lu Varloud-Valle stone core, which belongs to the middle paleolithic culture in Europe and is a stone making technology created by Neanderthals. Before making stone chips, the stone skin of the original stone is peeled off, leaving the inside of the stone, which is what we generally call the stone core. After careful repair, one side of the stone core is flat and the other side is convex, like an inverted turtle. It represented the most advanced stone-making technology in the world at that time. Because the stone tools unearthed in Shuidonggou are basically similar to the European Moster culture, archaeologists believe that the long-distance similar cultural phenomenon in this area is "the assimilation influence of human migration", so this stone tool type unearthed in Shuidonggou is directly named Levalova stone core. The shape of Shuidonggou Ruins Museum is modeled after this stone tool type.

2. pointer. This stone tool has a straight shape, a sharp end and symmetrical thin blades on both sides. Please guess its function. Yes, it looks like an arrow. Larger pointers can be tied to the top of wood and used as throwing tools to kill prey. The smaller one can be used to drill holes. Shaped like an arrow, it is mainly used to make throwing tools and kill prey. This is one of the typical stone tools unearthed in Shuidonggou.

Scraper is a tool for cutting, scraping and chipping. It is generally used for cutting meat, hides, dividing animal limbs and the roots of grain, and also for cutting and repairing small and medium-sized sticks. It is the most common tool for making stone tools, similar to today's knives.

4. The ancient people of Moshi and Shuidonggou lived between 30,000 years and 1 10,000 years, which not only experienced the late Paleolithic period, but also included the Neolithic period. The biggest difference in the Neolithic Age lies in the different ways of making stone tools. The tools of the Paleolithic were mainly hammering, and the pointed tools we just saw were mainly grinding. So the millstone you see is a tool of the new era, which can better reflect the subjective initiative of human beings.

I reminded you earlier that the stone tools unearthed in Shuidonggou should be compared with those unearthed in other sites in China. If we look closely, we will find that the stone tools unearthed in Shuidonggou are relatively regular and fine, especially the stone-leaf stone tools, which fully shows that Shuidonggou people used the most advanced stone tools in the world at that time, which is incomparable to other paleolithic ancient humans found in China so far.

Guide words of Shuidonggou in Ningxia 4

There are 69 ring ornaments unearthed in Shuidonggou. Exquisite ring ornaments made of bone chips and ostrich egg skins are the earliest handicrafts produced on a large scale in China. Their exquisiteness is only found in Paleolithic culture in China, which greatly enriches the cultural connotation of Shuidonggou, and provides important information for studying the development level of human productivity, technological evolution, processing and use of artworks, and their behavior patterns and aesthetic ability at that time.

This is a profile of the No.1 archaeological excavation site. The first four archaeological excavations were carried out in Site No.1, and nearly 10,000 stone products and animal fossils were cleaned up by * * *. There may be three reasons for such a dense distribution position. First, Shuidonggou people have lived here for a long time, leaving behind many daily necessities. Secondly, the production technology of Shuidonggou people reached the highest level in the late Paleolithic period, and the mass production of tools had already begun. Third, long before Shuidonggou people came here, other people lived here. We call it "stone processing factory" figuratively. There are Neolithic remains above Zhonggou and Paleolithic remains below, indicating that there are historical remains of two eras in Shuidonggou.

Guide words of Shuidonggou in Ningxia 5

With the evolution of human beings and the further development of productive forces, the tools used by human beings are more and more advanced. However, perhaps many people can't imagine the tools we use now. Originally they all evolved from stone tools. Let's take a look at the evolution of tools through the showcase: Showcase No.1 shows the evolution of hammered pointed tools unearthed in Shuidonggou, from polishing Shi Mao to becoming modern metal spears or arrows.

Showcase No.2 shows the evolution track from scraper unearthed in Shuidonggou to grindstone knife, and finally to modern metal knife.

Showcase No.3 is the evolution from a smashed kitchen knife to a ground stone axe to a modern metal axe. Showcase No.4 is an evolution from hammered jagged edge tools to ground stone saws, and finally to modern metal saws.

Before pottery appeared, people cut off the belly of animals as containers, filled it with water, added animal meat or grass seeds, and then picked up stones of the same size and suitable material from the riverbed, called burnt stones, and put them in the stomach after exposure in the sun or heating in the fire, and repeated this process until raw food became cooked food. 12 Shuidonggou burning stone is the first evidence that ancient people used fire indirectly and mastered the "stone cooking method", which is of milestone significance to the historical study of ancient people using fire.

After five systematic archaeological excavations, Shuidonggou site has achieved fruitful results, becoming the most colorful and diversified site in Paleolithic sites in China: stone products-grinding, small stone tools, stone leaves and fine stone tools; Bone products; Ornaments; Spinning wheel; Pottery; Animal fossils; The remains of fire, including the main stone products that form the cultural foundation of Shuidonggou, can be compared with the stone tools of human settlements in Europe, West Asia and North Africa, such as Most and Orina. In particular, a large number of Levalova stone cores and Levalova stone chipping tools unearthed are close to the quite old Moster culture in Europe. Bourdieu, a French archaeologist, pointed out that the stone cores unearthed in Shuidonggou and the materials marked by slender and regular stone leaves "can be compared with the materials of Most evolved human habitat in Europe, West Asia and North Africa, as if they were between the developed MOST culture and the growing Orina culture." Academician Liu Dongsheng, a famous archaeologist in China, made a literary judgment: "The paleolithic culture similar to European style found in Shuidonggou site at the eastern end of the loess belt across Eurasia is a spark produced by the collision of eastern and western cultures. This is the difference between Shuidonggou and other Paleolithic sites in China. It is also the theoretical basis for the dominant position of "foreign theory" in the dispute between "foreign theory" and "local source" in Shuidonggou culture.

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