Examiner's Routine 1: Substituting Logic to Deduce the Truth and False of Proposition

The characteristics of the examiner's routine

1) The stem of the question gives several logical arrows through logical conjunctions, and it will definitely give the conditions of whether a proposition is true or not

2) All the options are to judge whether the proposition is true or not

Logic can only push forward but not backward

The antecedent of logic is false, and the afterpart of logic is true, and nothing can be pushed out;

if you deny one side of or, you can deduce the other side;

1 can only be pushed forward, the first part is true, and the last part can be pushed out. The previous piece is false, and no information can be deduced;

if a b holds +A is true, it can be inferred that b is true; A B is true +B is true, and a can be deduced to be true.

A B is true +A is false (not A is true), A B is true +B is false, and no information can be deduced.

2 you can't push back, the latter is true, and you can't push out any information. If the latter is false, you can deduce that the former is false

A B is true, A B is true, A B is true, and no information can be deduced

A B is true +B is false (non-B is true), and you can deduce non-A; A B is true +A is false, and non-b can be deduced.

3AorB is true, and one side that denies or can deduce the other side, and nothing can be deduced from the positive side.

AorB is true+non-A(A is false), and B is true

AorB is true+non-B(B is false), and A is true

AorB is true +A is true, and AorB is true +B is true. If I don't exist, then I don't think If I think, then life means nothingness. " If "life doesn't mean nothingness" is added to the above argument, what conclusion can philosophers draw? (B)

1. Think about being; Non-existence and non-thinking

2. Thinking about the illusory life; Non-life is illusory and non-thinking

In the title, non-fantasy is true, then non-thinking is true

A. I think

B. I don't think

C. I exist

D. I don't exist

E. Life is meaningful

Anti-syllogism:

If A and B C. Then use the reasoning of OR

A and B C, and the converse holds that non-C, non-Aor and non-B

add the condition that non-C is true

non-A or non-B is true, and then add the condition that A is true, so that non-B is true

. Which of the following items is added to the above premise, and the conclusion that "A passed the exam" can be drawn?

A failed and B failed and C failed

A failed or B passed

B failed

C failed

C failed

D, B and C failed

E, B and C both passed

Example 2 If the gross national product is improved and people's consumption psychology changes, If the gross national product is not improved, or the supply of vegetables will increase substantially, then the minimum living standard of urban residents will not be guaranteed; If the supply of vegetables increases substantially, then either farmers will increase their income or social welfare will increase. In fact, the minimum living standard of urban residents has been guaranteed. This shows that: (c)

A. Farmers have increased their income

B. Social welfare has increased

C. People's consumption psychology has not changed

D. People's consumption psychology has changed

E. Vegetable supply has increased

GDP has increased and consumption psychology has changed. Vegetable supply has increased

GDP has not increased or vegetable supply has increased. There is no guarantee for the minimum living. Significantly increase farmers' income or increase social welfare

The minimum living guarantee GDP increases and the vegetable supply does not increase

The vegetable supply does not increase the GDP or the consumer psychology does not change

The vegetable supply does not increase the GDP and the consumer psychology does not change

Example 4 If there are steamed groupers and boiled snails in Yuexi Hotel, there must be salted crab. The hotel never sells baked crab with salt at the end of the month; Only when the West Guangdong Hotel sells boiled snails, Lao Wang will go to the West Guangdong Hotel with his friends to eat seafood. If the above judgment is true, which of the following must be true? （ ? )

selling steamed groupers and boiled snails and baked crabs with salt

Lao Wang eats seafood and sells boiled snails

Don't sell baked crabs with salt at the end of the month

Don't sell steamed groupers or boiled crabs at the end of the month

A. Yuexi Hotel won't sell steamed groupers at the end of the month.

B. Lao Wang and his friends will not eat steamed grouper and boiled snail when they go to Yuexi Hotel.

C. Guangdong West Hotel does not sell boiled snails only at the end of the month.

D. Lao Wang won't go to Yuexi Hotel to eat seafood with his friends at the end of the month, because there is no baked crab with salt.

e. If Lao Wang and his friends go to Yuexi Hotel for seafood at the end of the month, they will definitely not get steamed grouper.

Example 5 If "Hongdu" Entertainment Palace opens both ballroom and disco on the same day, then it must also open bowling room. The entertainment palace does not open the bowling room on Tuesdays, and Mr. Li only goes to the "Hongdu" entertainment palace when the ballroom is open. If the above conclusion is true, which of the following must also be true? (E)

ballroom dancing and discotheque bowling room

no bowling room on Tuesdays

ballroom dancing in Hongdu Entertainment Palace

ballroom dancing or discotheque on Tuesdays

A. Mr. Li will not visit Hongdu Entertainment Palace on Tuesdays.

B. Mr. Li will not patronize both ballroom and disco in Hongdu Entertainment Palace on the same day.

C. Hongdu Entertainment Palace will not open discotheques on Tuesdays.

D. "Hongdu" Entertainment Palace does not open ballroom only on Tuesdays.

e. if the "red capital" opens a ballroom on Tuesday, then it will definitely not open a disco on that day.

Example 6 Only if she goes, you and I will sing karaoke together; And she only sings in karaoke bars where she can dance, which are all in the city center. Her sister will sing karaoke only if you attend. If all the above conclusions are true, which of the following must also be true (? B )

You sing and I sing and she sings

Her sister sings and you sing

She goes to downtown and dances: she goes to karaoke and can dance in downtown

She doesn't go, you don't go or I don't go

She can't dance in the suburbs, she doesn't go, you don't go or I don't go

A. She doesn't sing karaoke with her sister.

B. You and I won't sing together in the karaoke room in the suburbs.

C. You won't go karaoke with her while I'm away.

D. You won't go karaoke with her sister without her.

e. Her sister also knows where she can dance and sing karaoke.

Example 7 If the Malaysia Airlines passenger plane did not break down and was not hijacked by a terrorist organization, it must have been shot down by a missile. If the passenger plane is shot down by missiles, it will definitely be discovered by satellites; If the satellite finds that the passenger plane was shot down by a missile, it will definitely announce it to the media. Which of the following should be added to the conclusion that the plane was hijacked by a terrorist organization? (B)

There was no fault and it was not hijacked. It was shot down by missiles.

It was discovered by satellites.

The satellite discovery was announced to the media.

There was no fault or hijacking.

It was not discovered by satellites.

A. The passenger plane was not shot down by missiles.

B. There is no report that the missile shot down the passenger plane, and the passenger plane did not break down.

C. there is no fault with the passenger plane.

D. The passenger plane broke down and there was no report of missile shooting down.

e. The passenger plane didn't break down, and the satellite found that the passenger plane was shot down by a missile.

six people (8F, g, j, k, l and m) apply for a position, and they can only be hired if they are interviewed. The following conditions must be met:

1) If G is interviewed, J is interviewed;

2) if interview j, interview l;

3)F is interviewed

4) F is not hired unless K is interviewed;

5) Don't hire K unless interviewing M;

question 1 which of the following may be true? (Because four of them are impossible to be true, they are excluded)

(E)

Employment interview

Interview G, Interview J, Interview L

Interview F

Don't interview K, don't hire F; Hire f, interview K

don't interview m, don't hire k; Hire k to interview m

a. Only F, J and M are interviewed;

B. Only F, J and K were interviewed;

C. Only G and another candidate were interviewed.

D. Only G and two other candidates were interviewed.

e. Only G and three other candidates were interviewed.

q 2 if m is not interviewed, which of the following must be true? （ C? )

A.K. was not interviewed.

B.K. was interviewed but not hired.

C.F was interviewed, but k was not hired.

D.F was hired, but K was not.

E.F was hired.

Example 9 "Twenty-four solar terms" is a guide to the time activities of production and life in farming society in China, which reflects the periodic changes of temperature, precipitation and phenology from spring to winter throughout the year. It is known that the names of solar terms have the following characteristics:

(1) All solar terms with the words "spring", "summer", "autumn" and "winter" belong to spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively;

(2) All solar terms with the words "rain", "dew" and "snow" belong to spring, autumn and winter;

(3) If Qingming is not in spring, first frost is not in autumn;

(4) If "rain" is in spring, "first frost" is in autumn;

(1) All solar terms with the words "spring", "summer", "autumn" and "winter" belong to spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively;

(2) The word "rain" belongs to spring; The word with dew belongs to autumn, and the word with snow belongs to winter

(3) Qingming is not in spring, first frost is not in autumn

(4) Rain is in spring and first frost is in autumn

According to the above information, if only two solar terms are listed every season from spring to winter, which of the following is impossible? (E)

Rain brings "rain". Is it true in spring

spring and summer? Autumn? Winter?

a. rain, fright, summer solstice, summer heat, white dew, first frost, heavy snow, winter solstice

b. fright, vernal equinox, long summer, xiaoman, white dew, cold dew, beginning of winter, xiaoxue

c. Qingming, Grain Rain, mango seed, summer solstice, beginning of autumn, cold dew. Xiao Zhang, Xiao Wang and Xiao Li are employees of the same unit, and there is Beikou subway station near the unit. One morning, all three people came on Line 1 at Changqing Station at the same time, but they had different ideas about the bus route. It is known that:

1) If Line 1 is crowded, Xiao Zhang takes two stops and then turns to Line 3, and then takes three stops to Beikou Station;

2) If Line 1 is not crowded, Xiao Zhang takes three stops and then turns to Line 2, and then takes four stops to Beikou Station.

3) If Line 1 is crowded, Xiao Wang will take 2 stops and then turn to Line 3, and then take 3 stops to Beikou Station.

4) If Line 1 is not crowded, Xiao Li takes four stops and then turns to Line 4, and after three stops, turns to Line 3 to reach Beikou Station.

5) Metro Line 1 was not crowded that morning

Assuming that the total time for three people to transfer and walk is the same, which of the following is most likely inconsistent with the above information? (it can't be true) (D)

1) If Line 1 is crowded, Xiao Zhang takes two stops, then changes once, and then takes three stops (five stops+one transfer)

? If Line 1 is not crowded, Xiao Zhang takes three stops, then transfers once, and then takes four stops (seven stops+one transfer)

2) Xiao Wang takes two stops and then transfers to Line 3, and then takes three stops to Beikou Station. Line 1 is crowded (five stops)

3) Line 1 is not crowded. Xiao Li takes four stops and then transfers to Line 4, and then transfers to Line 3 to Beikou Station

. Xiao Wang doesn't take 5 stops; Xiao Li takes 8 stops and transfers twice

A. Xiao Wang and Xiao Li arrive at the unit at the same time;

B. Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang arrive at work at the same time

C. Xiao Wang arrives at work before Xiao Li;

D. Xiao Li arrives at work before Xiao Zhang;

e. Xiao Zhang arrives at work before Xiao Wang;

Xiao Wang and his three family members (wife, son and daughter) decided to choose a place to travel during their vacation on Sunday. The places they can go are amusement parks, shopping malls and zoos. However, because these three places are far apart, one day is only enough to travel to and from one place. For travel, Xiao Wang said the following words:

1) If I take my wife or daughter out, then I will go to the mall.

2) if I take my wife and son out at the same time, I can't go to the amusement park.

3) if I take my son and daughter out at the same time, then I will go to the zoo.

In fact, Xiao Wang finally went to the amusement park with one or several family members, so the ones who finally went out with Xiao Wang were: (B)

taking his wife or daughter to the mall; Didn't go to the mall, didn't bring his wife and daughter

didn't bring his wife and son to the amusement park; Going to the amusement park without a wife or without a son

A. Wife

B. Son

C. With a wife or without a son

D. Son and daughter

E. Son and wife

Example 12 There are 7 employees living in a dormitory in a factory, each of whom is A, B, C, D, E, G. Their duty arrangement also needs to meet the following conditions:

(1) B is on duty on Tuesday or Saturday

(2) For example.