The meaning and rise of rural tourism

◆What is agricultural tourism?

According to the "National Industrial and Agricultural Tourism Demonstration Point Inspection Standards (Trial)" issued by the National Tourism Administration in 2002, the so-called agricultural tourism refers to the agricultural production process, rural style, and farmers' working and living scenes as the main attractions. tourism activities.

1 The concept, characteristics and development model of agricultural tourism

1.1 The concept of agricultural tourism

Agricultural tourism combines agriculture and tourism, using agriculture A new form of agricultural management in which landscapes and rural spaces attract tourists to come for viewing, sightseeing, tasting, leisure, experience, and shopping. It develops tourism products based on a wide range of agricultural resources such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production, and fishery, and A general term for the tourism industry that provides special services to tourists, also known as sightseeing agriculture, tourism agriculture, rural tourism, etc. Agricultural tourism mainly serves urban residents who do not understand agriculture, are not familiar with the countryside, or return to the countryside to find their roots, and are eager to go sightseeing, traveling, and vacationing in the countryside during holidays. Its target market is mainly urban residents. The development of agricultural tourism can not only enrich the spiritual life of urban and rural people, optimize the investment environment, etc., but also achieve the organic unity of agricultural ecological, economic and social benefits. Specifically, the development of agricultural tourism has the following functions: (1) It is conducive to expanding tourism space and satisfying people’s desire to return to nature. With the increase in income, people are no longer satisfied with the basic necessities of life, but are turning to the pursuit of spiritual enjoyment. Sightseeing, tourism, and vacation activities have increased, and more and more people are traveling and traveling. Some traditional scenic spots and cultural landscapes are often overcrowded and noisy during the peak tourist season. The emergence of tourism agriculture caters to the desire of people who have lived in big cities for a long time for tranquility, fresh environment and return to nature. (2) It is conducive to achieving goals such as high yield and efficiency in agriculture. Using agriculture and rural space to develop tourism agriculture can help expand the scope of agricultural operations, promote the rational adjustment of agricultural land, labor, capital and other production factors, and improve land productivity and labor productivity; at the same time, agricultural tourism can be the leader, driving catering, transportation The development of transportation, agricultural product processing and other industries increases the added value of agricultural production. (3) It is conducive to improving the agricultural ecological environment. In order to attract tourists, agricultural tourism must not only create beautiful agricultural ecological environments and agricultural landscape places within scenic spots, but also green and beautify the fields and roads in surrounding areas, maintain agricultural and rural natural landscapes, and improve the quality of urban and rural environments.

1.2 Characteristics of agricultural tourism

To develop agricultural tourism, we must adhere to agriculture as the basis, use agricultural and rural resources, establish leisure tourism, and then gradually transition to tourism, agriculture, and industry Comprehensive development of agriculture, trade, and trade, thereby finding and creating agricultural tourism landscape features in this vast rural area that cannot be matched by urban tourist spots. According to the guiding ideology of system design, in order to establish subsystems of different categories in the agricultural tourism system, so as to build different agricultural tourism models with unique characteristics, diverse content, and ease and enjoyment, we must study the basic characteristics of agricultural tourism. It is generally believed that agricultural tourism has the following basic characteristics: (1) Agricultural characteristics. Tourism agriculture develops its tourism function on the basis of agricultural production. The main attraction of tourism agriculture is the beautiful pastoral scenery. In the process of developing tourism functions, the original agricultural production structure may be partially changed, but agricultural production is still the main aspect of tourism agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent over-exploitation of tourism agriculture and avoid destroying basic farmland protection areas. (2) Ecological characteristics. One of the goals of the development of tourism agriculture is to adjust the contradiction between man and nature, economic development and the ecological environment. The prosperity of tourism agriculture also benefits from the quiet and beautiful ecological environment, natural natural landscape, simple rural lifestyle, national culture, etc. Therefore, in the process of developing and constructing tourism agriculture, we should try not to destroy the original natural ecological environment, reduce artificial effects, and promote a virtuous cycle of the agricultural ecosystem. (3) Entertainment characteristics. In addition to having a beautiful ecological environment, tourism agriculture should also have a certain degree of entertainment, otherwise it will not be able to attract a large number of tourists. Entertainment is mainly reflected in recreational activities rich in rural agriculture and natural scenery such as sightseeing, agricultural experiences, folk activities and natural adventures, while artificial recreational facilities are only adequate.

1.3 Development model of agricultural tourism

Looking at the current development situation of foreign agricultural tourism, according to the nature, positioning, operation and other characteristics of agricultural tourism, the development model of agricultural tourism can be mainly divided into There are three major categories: (1) Traditional sightseeing agricultural tourism. Mainly focusing on the agricultural production process that is not familiar to urbanites, we open up special orchards, vegetable gardens, tea gardens, flower beds, etc. in the suburbs of cities or near scenic spots, allowing tourists to pick fruits, pull flowers, appreciate flowers, and pick tea, and enjoy the countryside. pleasure. For example, in vineyards and winemaking workshops in rural France, tourists can not only visit and participate in the entire process of making wine, but also taste it in the workshop, and take away their own wine to show off to relatives and friends. The fun is of course the same as Buying wine at the mall is different. Agricultural tourism has emerged in Japan. A travel agency in Tokyo takes the opportunity of planting rice in spring and harvesting in autumn every year to organize urbanites to go to rural areas to experience the life of farmers. In coastal areas, it also organizes tourists to participate in rainbow trout fishing and kelp collection and processing. Activities enable urbanites to directly enjoy the gifts of nature. (2) Urban technology-based agricultural tourism.

With high technology as an important feature, small agricultural, forestry, and animal husbandry production bases are established in urban communities and suburbs, which can not only provide the city with some fresh agricultural products, but also obtain part of the tourism income, taking into account the functions of agricultural production and popular science education. For example, Singapore has built 10 agricultural science and technology parks. In the parks, not only crop planting is reasonably arranged, but also some famous flowers, ornamental fish, rare animal viewing, and the production of precious vegetables and fruits are also carefully arranged. Entertainment venues are also built accordingly. , the fish pond is composed of criss-crossing waterways and is equipped with a circulation treatment system. The vegetable garden is composed of novel and unique cultivation ponds, and the nutrients are controlled by computers. Visitors can not only feel relaxed and happy while walking in it, but also have a good meal. It is really like living in a fairyland. (3) Leisure and vacation agricultural tourism. It mainly uses different agricultural resources, such as forests, pastures, orchards, etc., to attract tourists to go on vacation and carry out various sightseeing and leisure tourism activities such as agricultural experience, natural ecological appreciation, fishing, game tasting, accommodation, vacation, and entertainment. For example, Australians often drive by themselves, take their children with them, and choose a ranch not far from home to stay for a few days on weekends or holidays. The adults can relax and the children can learn about the ranch life that they cannot see in the city. When apples, pears, grapes, watermelons and other fruits are about to ripen, American manor owners place advertisements in newspapers and periodicals to solicit tourists to go to the farm to pick fruits for vacation. People in the city respond enthusiastically and follow the instructions in the advertisement. The map shows you how to drive there, and you can eat as much fruit as you like. When you are tired, you can rest on the grass under the trees, breathe fresh air, and listen to the singing of birds. Until the sun sets, people can also stay overnight in the farmhouse and taste the unique food prepared by the owner of the farm. dinner and enjoy a unique holiday. Farmstay is an emerging form of tourism and leisure. It is a leisure travel method provided by farmers to urban modern people to return to nature and obtain physical and mental relaxation and spiritual pleasure.

Generally speaking, farmhouse owners use local agricultural products for processing to meet the needs of guests. The cost is low, so consumption is not high. Moreover, farmhouses are generally surrounded by beautiful natural or pastoral scenery, which can satisfy and soothe the spirit of modern people, so they are popular among many urban young people.

[Edit this paragraph] Origin

Farmhouses originally originated in Chengdu, Sichuan. The specific locations include Qingcheng Mountain in Dujiangyan City, Pixian County, Wenjiang, etc. Later, it developed to the entire Chengdu Plain, Sichuan Basin, and even the whole country.

[Edit this paragraph] Development

The development of farmhouses has produced good economic benefits for promoting rural tourism, adjusting industrial structure, building regional economy, and accelerating the process of agricultural marketization. Some places have developed a series of "farmhouses" based on local agricultural resources. Farmhouses in places such as Yueheng Mountain in Hunan and Tuanjie Township in Kunming have gradually formed their own brands.

After the development of farmhouses, they bring not only consumer income, but also product information, project information and market information, providing opportunities for the development of the local economy. Farmhouses have become a "window" for farmers to understand the market and a bridge for interaction between the city and the countryside. Tourists from all over the country have brought new ideas and concepts to rural areas, enabling farmers to understand market information in a timely manner and align production and operations with market demand. Farmers who run farmhouses often go to tourists to survey market demand, and then carry out targeted production. Some have established pollution-free vegetable bases, while others have started the business of deep processing of agricultural products.

Today, the farmhouse model in China mainly appears in the north, mainly in Beijing, Sichuan, Tianjin, and Hebei. The most attractive part of farmhouses among tourists is: reasonable consumption and affordable prices.

[Edit this paragraph] Category

1. Farm garden type. Represented by Nongke Village in Youai Township of Pixian County and Wanchun Town of Wenjiang County, farmhouse folk tourism in Bazi in western Sichuan. It is located in the "National Ecological Demonstration Zone" and is a nationally renowned production base for flowers, bonsais, seedlings and pile heads. "Farmhouse" originated here. It brings together the main features of farmhouse leisure tourism in the western Sichuan Plain, showing the great charm of "farmhouse entertainment".

2． Flower and fruit ornamental type. Represented by the farm orchard recreation in the hills of the eastern suburbs such as Longquanyi’s Study Village, Gongnong Village, Taohuagou, Pingguo Village, etc. Fruits from Longquan Mountain are sold all over the country and even overseas, and the income from the fruits is the economic pillar of Longquanyi District. However, with the rise of flower and fruit tourism in recent years, which focuses on viewing peach (pear) flowers in spring and tasting fresh fruits in summer, tourism income has greatly exceeded fruit income. Selling fruits is not as good as selling flowers. People can feast their eyes first and then their mouths. It reflects the evolution of people's consumption concepts. After improving its scientific and technological content, Longquan Mountain fruits also strive to improve their cultural content and develop tourism agriculture on the basis of traditional agriculture, opening up new ideas for making a fortune in Yilin Mountains.

3. Scenic area hotel type. Represented by natural scenic spots such as Qingcheng Back Mountain in the outer suburbs of Dujiangyan, Chaoyang Lake in Pujiang County, Yinchanggou in Pengzhou City, and Xiling Snow Mountain in Dayi County. Low-end farmhouses are cheap, and tourists feel as if they have moved their home to a scenic spot, spending money to live at home and enjoying the natural environment of the scenic spot. Therefore, "farmhouse entertainment" in scenic spots is popular with low- and middle-income tourists.

4. Garden Inn type. Represented by Nibaduo Scenic Area, which was converted from a farm in Xindu County, and Dongyue Fishing Village, which was converted from Qianjin Farm in Qionglai City, etc.

Transform the agricultural production organization into a tourism enterprise, green and beautify the agricultural land and turn it into a garden-style building. With fully functional supporting facilities and inn-style management, make it a higher-grade "farmhouse" and lower than a resort. A place for leisure and entertainment. Make a glorious contribution to modernization.

Folk tourism refers to cultural tourism itineraries in which people leave their usual place of residence and go to other places to experience local folk customs.

As the crystallization of the long historical and cultural development of a region and a nation, folk culture contains extremely rich social content. Since local characteristics and folk characteristics are the soul of tourism resource development, they are unique and irreplaceable. , Therefore, in a certain sense, folk tourism belongs to high-level tourism. By carrying out folk tourism activities, tourists can personally experience local people's life matters, appreciate local folk customs, lifestyles and different aesthetic tastes, realize the purpose of self-improvement, and achieve a good state of play.

The current content of folk tourism mainly includes life culture, marriage, family and life etiquette culture, oral inheritance culture, folk song and dance entertainment culture, arts and crafts culture, festival culture, belief culture, etc.