Why is Sichuan called Bashu?

The name of the region and the name of the local government in the pre-Qin period. Mainly in present-day Sichuan. Ba is in the east and Shu is in the west. According to "Huayang Guozhi", the ethnic groups in the Bashu region of the pre-Qin period included Pu, Xi, Ju, Gong, Nu, Mao, Yi, Yi, Dian, Liao and Bo, and most of them were Baipu branches. A large number of unearthed cultural relics show that Bashu culture is another national culture different from the Central Plains. In particular, its exquisite bronze wares have local characteristics in shape and decoration, but they are also influenced by the culture of the Central Plains. On the weapons and ancient seals belonging to the Warring States period, two kinds of characters that are different from Chinese characters and have not been deciphered so far were also found. Archaeological discoveries also show that Shu had entered a class society as early as the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. Legend has it that the earliest king of Shu was the Cancong family. "The Records of the First Shu" records that "Cancong first lived in a stone chamber in Minshan". Minshan is located in today's Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. "Huayang Guozhi" also said: Cancong "has vertical eyes, and his dead body is used as a sarcophagus and stone coffin. The Chinese people follow this, and the old custom is to use the stone coffin and coffin as a human tomb with vertical eyes." The famous king after Cancong was Du Yu, named Emperor Wang. The capital was built in the fertile soil of Piyi (20 kilometers northwest of today's Chengdu, Sichuan) and Qushang (10 kilometers south of today's Chengdu, Sichuan). He "taught the people to do farming,...Ba also transformed his teachings into farming. So far (in the Jin Dynasty), the people of Bashu worship Du Zhujun first when they are farming." Later, Bieling, a Jing man, traced the river to Pi to look after the emperor. At that time, there was a flood in Sichuan. Bieling cut through Yulei Mountain to eliminate the water damage, and diverted water from the river to reduce the water potential. He became a pioneer in flood control in Sichuan. After Emperor Wang took the Zen position of Turtle Ling, he was the Kaiming Emperor. The Kaiming Dynasty began around 666 BC and established its capital in Chengdu. After that, Shu gradually became stronger. It once attacked Qin to its capital Yong (now Fengxiangnan, Shaanxi), took Nanzheng, and attacked Chu eastward to Zifang (now Songzi, Hubei). It "occupied the land of Bashu" and grew up in Bashu. After the war between Ba and Shu, King Qin Hui sent Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi to lead troops to destroy Shu in 316 BC. Among the legends of the Ba Kingdom, the most famous story is that the five Wu clans in the Yishui (now Qingjiang, Hubei) basin raised Ba's son-in-law as the Linjun (see Man). Lin Jun's earthen boat did not sink, and he shot the Salt God. After his death, his soul turned into a white tiger. Therefore, his tribe has the custom of using people to worship tigers. Bayue was destroyed by Chu during the Warring States Period, and Chu established Wu Commandery in Ba Di. Legend has it that at the end of the Yin Dynasty, both Ba and Shu participated in King Wu of Zhou's war against Zhou. The Ba people have the famous "Bayu Dance", "Singing and Dancing to Ling the Yin People". After King Wu conquered the Yin Dynasty, he conferred the title of Zong Ji in Ba, and gave her a son. Probably the founding of the country was in the upper reaches of the Han River. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Ba had contacts with neighboring countries such as Zhu, Deng, Shen and Chu, and had a marriage relationship with Chu. But later it was merged by Chu and became Chu-Hanzhong County. There was also a Zhiba in the Fuling area in the east of today's Chongqing. It was destroyed by Chu in the late Warring States Period. After Qin destroyed Shu, he immediately destroyed Ba, whose capital was Jiangzhou (today's Chongqing). Later, they captured a large area of ??Badi from Chu and established Bajun. Qin's destruction of Bashu prepared the conditions for the further destruction of Chu and the unification of the six kingdoms. 2. A seaport city in southwestern Thailand and the capital of Prachuap Khiri Khan. Located in the northern part of the Malay Peninsula and the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand. Population 8,482 (1980). In ancient times, there was a checkpoint called "Kongjiang", but it was later renamed. Agricultural products trade center. Both railways and highways in southern Thailand pass through this city. Tea history data before the Six Dynasties show that the Chinese tea industry first emerged in Bashu. "Hanshu Geography" states: "Ba, Shu, and Guanghan were originally Nanyi, and Qin was regarded as a county." The scope of Bashu is relatively large, and in addition to the Ba and Shu people, there are also Pu, Shu, Ju, * There are many other ethnic minorities such as the ** and the Nu, and the Ba and Shu ethnic groups are just two of the largest ethnic groups with wider distribution and larger population. These ethnic groups were still in the primitive clan stage during the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, under the influence of the Central Plains culture, they moved from primitive to civilized. However, from the perspective of the Central Plains, these ethnic groups or regions , is still a foreign area belonging to the "Southern Yi"; Bashu belongs to China after the unification of Qin and the establishment of counties. Gu Yanwu, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, said in his "Rizhilu": "After the Qin people conquered Shu, tea drinking began." He pointed out that the drinking of tea in various places slowly spread after the Qin State annexed Ba and Shu. Opened. In other words, the tea culture in China and the world was originally developed in Bashu. This conclusion of Gu Yanwu unifies various views on the origin of tea in past dynasties in China, and is now accepted by most scholars. Therefore, it is often said that "Bashu is the cradle of China's tea industry and tea culture." The so-called view that tea drinking in Bashu "began in the Warring States Period" essentially denies the historical value of the ancient legend of Shennong and believes that only reliable written records can be relied upon. In fact, it is said that Bashu tea industry began in the Warring States Period, which is also based on Gu Yanwu's theory, and there is no other direct written record. Prehistoric times focused on agriculture, medicine and cultivation. Shennong, who combined many inventions into one such as Li, may not really be a real person or person. However, he is recognized by people as an image created by future generations in memory of the above-mentioned great inventions in prehistory. The above-mentioned things associated with him refer to inventions from the primitive era, and these should be based on certain historical facts. Generally speaking, before the archaeological excavations were carried out, the legends in ancient books such as "Shennong plowed the land and made pottery", "He started farming and taught the people to farm", "He started to taste herbs, and then there was medicine", etc., there are also no written verifications. . Therefore, it should be credible that Shennong, as a representative of a specific stage in prehistory, "developed" agriculture, medicine, pottery, and even the drinking of tea into this era. Drinking tea is a kind of material enjoyment. People are accustomed to linking tea drinking with civilization. Therefore, when it comes to the habit of drinking tea, it is often thought that it only appeared after entering class society. This is actually a kind of misunderstanding. It is common in clan societies to use certain parts of plant tissues as beverages.

Ethnographic materials of the Oroqen people show that before 1949, the Oroqen people living in the Greater Khingan Mountains were still in the primitive clan society stage. At that time, they had the habit of "making yellow celery and Yagda leaves into drinks". The Oroqen people can use the local yellow celery and Yagda leaves to make drinks. So, why couldn't the Ba people, Shu people and other people who spread tea trees in southern my country invent tea as a drink in prehistoric times? This means that in ancient my country, the argument that "tea is a drink originated from Shen Nong" is not only recorded in legends, but also well corroborated by ethnographic materials. This shows that the tea industry in Bashu started early, but unfortunately it was recorded in writing later. It was not recorded until Wang Bao's "Tong Yue" in the late Western Han Dynasty. The supporting information about tea events in Bashu in the pre-Qin Dynasty can be found in "Huayang Guozhi·Ba Zhi" written by Chang Xu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: "King Wu conquered Yin, and brought his concubine to Ba, and gave him the title of son...Dan, Qi, Tea, honey... are all paid tribute." The second is what Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty mentioned in "The Foreign Affairs of the County": "Jia in Han Zhi, the name of the Shu county, Mengyin Mang, the dialect, the Shu people called tea. Meng, covered by Cha's county.

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