Relationship between geological disasters and tourism

First, the impact of geological disasters on tourism

(A) Geological disasters have an impact on tourists' psychology

The principle of tourism safety is the basic principle of tourists' travel. With the rapid development of production, the improvement of living standards and the uncontrollable geological disasters, people pay more and more attention to the social needs of safety. Therefore, we are very cautious about the choice of tourist destinations for geological disasters. Geological disasters, especially serious geological disasters such as earthquakes, have caused serious psychological interference to the public's travel. Geological disasters have aroused people's fears and affected tourists' sense of pleasure, especially because they are worried about their personal safety, and tourists finally choose to give up their travel or change their travel plans, resulting in a sharp drop in tourism demand (Wang Nengzhou et al., 2009).

(b) Impact of geological disasters on tourist destinations

The impact of geological disasters on tourist attractions can be divided into two categories: one is the slight impact of landslides and mudslides on tourist destinations; The other is the serious harm caused by earthquakes and volcanoes to tourist destinations. Landslides and mudslides generally only destroy local scenic spots, but have little impact on the whole tourist destination and will not affect the normal operation of the tourist destination. The impact of major earthquakes and volcanoes on tourist destinations is often a devastating blow.

1. The impact of earthquakes and volcanoes on tourist destinations.

Earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. It will often cause devastating damage to the scenic spots of tourist destinations. For example, in the Wenchuan earthquake, 568 of more than 4,000 tourist attractions in Sichuan Province were damaged, with a cumulative loss of 27.84 billion yuan (You Wei, 2008). Among them, many ancient buildings in Dujiangyan-Qingcheng Mountain Scenic Area, a world heritage site, collapsed, and Wolong Scenic Area, the habitat of giant pandas, was greatly damaged. In addition, the road leading to the scenic spot has also been seriously damaged. The destruction of tourist destinations also directly affects the economic development of tourism. After the earthquake, tourism was almost at a standstill, and tour groups and catering services suffered huge economic losses.

2. The impact of landslides and mudslides on tourist destinations.

Landslides and mudslides will also destroy the natural landscape of tourist destinations, which will destroy the wonderful achievements of nature. However, the damage range of landslides and mudslides is relatively small, which only destroys the local natural landscape where landslides and mudslides occur. Compared with the earthquake, its impact on tourist destinations is relatively small.

(c) Impact of geological disasters on tourism activities

(1) The types of geological disasters directly limit the development degree of scenic spots. Tourism resources caused by earthquakes and collapses are easy to develop because of the long period and large scale of geological disasters caused by earthquakes and collapses, and it is difficult to develop geological disasters such as landslides, collapses and mudslides.

(2) Geological disaster conditions directly limit the planning of scenic activities. The planning of geological projects should also consider economic benefits, disaster-stable areas and the implementation of tourism projects; In disaster activity areas, project construction is generally not considered.

(3) The geological disaster environment indirectly limits the choice of scenic activities. The construction of scenic spots should first consider the environment, which is beautiful and can cooperate with development; If the environment is not beautiful, the development of geological disaster resources alone will lead to a monotonous and disharmonious situation.

(D) the impact of geological disasters on the scale of tourism development

(1) The development of tourist attractions in geological disaster areas is bound to be limited by the scale of personnel. Due to the limitation of road construction, the tourism resources of collapse geological disasters such as tiankeng and ground fissures limit the scale of accommodating tourists at one time.

(2) The opening hours of tourist attractions in geological disaster areas are bound to be limited by the weather. Areas that have experienced geological disasters such as landslides, collapses and mudslides are not suitable for opening in rainy and rainstorm weather. Tiankeng in the tourism resources of collapse disaster is unsafe in rainy days and should not be opened.

(3) Disaster prevention is the first step in the development of tourist attractions in geological disaster areas, and the high economic investment indirectly limits the scale of tourism development.

(4) The tourist attractions in geological disaster areas are mostly located in mountainous areas and deep mountains, and the accessibility is poor, which indirectly affects the development scale of geological disaster tourism resources.

(E) the impact of geological disasters on tourism management

(1) Management is more difficult. Tourist attractions in geological disaster areas must establish a disaster emergency prevention and control system, establish specialized disaster prevention institutions, set up specialized personnel, and strengthen disaster prediction or monitoring.

(2) add logo settings. Tourist attractions in geological disaster areas must set warning signs in the disaster areas and check them at any time.

(3) Intensify publicity and education on disaster prevention and relief. In tourist attractions in geological disaster-prone areas, it is obligatory to strengthen the publicity and education of disaster prevention knowledge.

The negative impact of geological disasters on tourism development can not be ignored. Economically, the construction cost that affects the development of tourism, from the perspective of tourism development, affects the psychology of tourists in choosing tourist destinations, the planning and selection of tourism activities, the scale of tourism development and tourism management.

Second, tourism development has promoted the occurrence of geological disasters.

(A) the regularity of geological disasters

1. Regional laws

There are different types of potential geological disasters under different geological environment conditions. For example, geological relics development zones in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places with karst landforms as the main landscape all have geological disasters such as rocky desertification, karst collapse and landslides to varying degrees.

2. Relevant laws

It mainly refers to different types of potential geological disasters, and its development degree and scale are closely related to different geological environmental conditions. Such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, karst collapse, soil erosion, etc., are closely related to hydrometeorological conditions, geomorphological characteristics, geotechnical combination, etc. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and fault dislocation are closely related to crustal activities in this area.

3. Law of Induction

The tourism development activities of geological relics are artificially irregular, such as imperfect sewage facilities, too concentrated tourist density, irregular construction of various tourism infrastructure and service facilities, excessive pumping of groundwater, unreasonable design of tourist routes, etc. These will be the direct factors that cause or aggravate some potential geological disasters, such as land degradation disasters, geochemical anomalies, water depletion disasters and so on.

4. Association rule

There is a connection between the restrictive factors and influencing factors that induce potential geological disasters, which may lead to the emergence and continuous occurrence of various geological disasters in groups, thus expanding the disaster situation. For example, earthquakes are often accompanied by collapses, landslides, mudslides, dammed lakes, dangerous rocks and ground deformation. However, the change of groundwater level often causes soil erosion, groundwater pollution, spring drying up, endemic diseases, ground fissures and other disasters.

(2) Unreasonable tourism development has aggravated the occurrence of geological disasters.

Geological disasters will have a certain impact on tourism, and unreasonable development of tourist resources in scenic spots will also lead to some geological disasters. The tourism development of geological relics is one of the important influencing factors and direct inducing factors that aggravate various potential geological disasters. It is necessary to strictly regulate all kinds of tourism development activities and minimize their impact on potential geological disasters. Many tourist areas in China are located in mountainous areas. Many scenic spots or scenic spots, which are famous for their precipitousness, precipitousness and strangeness, are the products of natural geological processes, and are often dangerous areas or points with hidden dangers of geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow. During the development and construction of mountain landscape, large-scale road opening and cableway construction have caused the destruction of hillsides and vegetation, and caused serious geological disasters such as landslides, landslides and soil erosion (Guo Wei, 200 1). Tourism sewage facilities are not perfect, domestic sewage and solid garbage are discharged at will, and sewage seeps into rock and soil with rainwater, which may cause disasters such as groundwater pollution, soil erosion and endemic diseases, and even soften rock and soil gradually, leading to disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow. Excessive pumping of groundwater, over-concentration of tourists, destruction of vegetation and other tourism activities may lead to abnormal decline of groundwater level, groundwater pollution, spring drying up and other disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the development intensity, strengthen the protection of natural soil vegetation, rationally extract groundwater, control the density of tourists, and adopt green construction methods to protect geological tourism resources in scenic spots.