What challenges will NASA face when it returns to the moon in 2024? Two main tasks must be accomplished.

According to NASA, they are preparing for the Al themis project, which aims to return to the moon and establish a human base on it. An important task included in this plan is to carry out manned landing on the moon again in 2024. According to their announcement, women will set foot on the surface of the moon for the first time in 2024.

This plan can be said to be very exciting, but challenges are also problems that have to be faced. Even Jim Breeden Sting, director of NASA, said, "This schedule is still very tight. Is it possible for us to finish it? Yes This is not a problem? Yes. "

And his so-called "mistakes" first appeared in Money. After all, manned landing on the moon is an extremely huge project, and every effort must be made to protect the life safety of astronauts, so everything must be foolproof. Such research and development naturally cannot be separated from huge funds. It is understood that NASA is preparing to apply for another $28 billion from the US government. As for whether it can be approved. ...

Moreover, if you know the complete Al themis project, you won't think this figure is too high. According to NASA's vision, when they return to the surface of the moon, they will carry out manned landing on the moon at least once a year, so as to establish a permanent lunar outpost or a simple lunar base around 2030. Not only that, they will also build a lunar space station called "gateway" above the moon, which can reduce costs and improve the efficiency of landing on the moon.

Every project here can't be a "fuel-saving lamp". More importantly, NASA is also shouldering another major project-manned landing on Mars around 2034! Similarly, this is not a separate plan. They had to launch more rovers and other detectors before to ensure the survival of human beings on the surface of Mars, which would also consume a lot of money and squeeze Artemis' capital space.

Obviously, how much money the US government can give NASA still depends on their GDP. But look at the economic downturn caused by this year's epidemic. ...

Ok, let's go back to the technical level.

To achieve manned landing on the moon, NASA must make all preparations in advance, including a series of experimental tasks.

According to the plan, Artemis project will have its first mission on 20211,namely Artemis 1. The project will test the rocket (space launch system, referred to as SLS) and spacecraft (Orion) that will carry out manned missions to the moon in the future. They won't carry any astronauts, but the Orion spacecraft will fly around the moon for three days and then return to Earth.

In August 2023, NASA's test will go further. At that time, astronauts will board the spacecraft and carry out the first manned test of the Artemis program. However, Orion will not really send them to the surface of the moon, but fly to a place about 400,000 kilometers away from the earth-which is farther than the previous manned missions to the moon. In this position, the spacecraft will turn around and return to the surface under the action of the gravity of the earth. This test mission will last about 10 days, which will ensure that the astronauts who landed on the moon can return to Earth in the future.

Only by successfully completing these two tasks can NASA really send astronauts to the moon. In 2024, the Orion spacecraft carrying astronauts will be launched by SLS rockets.

There is still a little controversy about the landing location of these astronauts. Although it is said that they will land in the area selected by the Apollo program, more news indicates that they will land at the South Pole of the Moon in an unprecedented way. If such a landing is successful, it will be a historic moment, because until now, no one or robot has been here.

According to the requirements of Artemis project, researchers must prepare life support for these astronauts one week after landing. This includes not only food and water, but also oxygen supply system and power system. This is one of the reasons why they prefer to land at the south pole of the moon. There is probably some water ice that has not been melted by the sun, and astronauts can obtain water resources and oxygen by electrolyzing water. At the same time, another product of electrolysis, hydrogen, may also supplement some energy.

The space environment is extremely complex and dangerous. In order to protect astronauts, spacesuit will be the first and last hurdle, which is also one of the important challenges that hinder manned moon landing project.

For many years, NASA has been working hard to develop a new generation of spacesuits, and recently released some information. From the appearance, the new generation spacesuit is a bit similar to the original Apollo program, and it is also padded with thick diapers to help astronauts solve the problem of excretion more conveniently.

However, the new generation of spacesuits are more convenient and flexible than the original ones, which can help astronauts to perform various space tasks including spacewalking more efficiently. In addition, many devices in the new spacesuit have been upgraded, such as the communication system in the helmet, which is more advanced than in the past.

The reason why human beings took great pains to land on the moon is naturally for great returns. It is true that exploring the moon can help us better understand the cosmic problems such as the origin of the solar system, but this is only a small part of the rewards that the moon can bring us.

The lunar exploration project can enable us to master space exploration technology better and better, thus establishing a lunar base. This lunar base may help us alleviate the pressure of the earth's survival, and more importantly, the moon is our dock to the universe. The back of the moon will never see the earth, and it also perfectly shields the electromagnetic interference of the earth's electronic equipment and geomagnetic field, making it an excellent venue for the next generation of human telescopes. The gravity of the moon is only 1/6 of that of the earth. If a spaceship is launched from the moon, it will greatly save energy and make mankind go further.

More importantly, the moon is rich in helium -3. These helium -3 resources are the perfect energy for nuclear fusion reactors, and the moon's reserves are enough for us to use for at least tens of thousands of years, greatly alleviating the energy crisis facing mankind.

It is for these reasons that all countries in the world are eager for the moon. Whoever can take the lead in using the moon resources will be one step ahead in the future development.

At the same time, China's lunar exploration program is also in full swing. About 165438+ this year 10, the Chang 'e-5 probe will go to the moon, and its task is to collect samples of the moon's surface for the first time in the history of China and bring them back to Earth. Similarly, it is also possible to test manned missions to the moon and return to the surface.

According to the plan, China may attempt a manned mission to the moon around 2030. Although it is a little later than NASA, once it is successful, it will probably be the second country in the world to achieve this feat.

As we said, because the moon has so many great advantages, all countries in the world will rush to the moon for development. Who knows, in the near future, maybe we can go to the moon for a holiday and see if there is a Moon Palace and Chang 'e there. ...