Kneel for a paper on the problems existing in enterprise management, with two thousand words. I am a tourism major.

Several problems existing in the management of China's tourism enterprises

Based on the analysis of the current situation of tourism enterprise management, this paper finds out some problems existing in tourism enterprise management and finds out the solutions. Let the managers of tourism enterprises be inspired, and then improve the management system, so that tourism enterprises can develop better and tourism, a sunrise industry, can develop more vigorously.

Keywords: tourism management of tourism enterprises

Introduction: Tourism is a comprehensive industry, and its focus is on providing services for tourists and closely contacting related enterprises. It involves a variety of industry groups and has a complex composition. Therefore, a tourism enterprise is an operating organization that involves industries such as food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment, and provides services such as tour guide, consultation, transportation and accommodation for tourists. As an important part of tourism enterprises, travel agency industry and catering industry need to be further improved.

First, the management status of tourism enterprises in China

(A) Analysis of the current situation of China travel agency industry

1, from the perspective of market structure

Since 1980s, the industrial concentration of China travel agencies, represented by the three major travel agencies, has been on the rise. With the entry of more and more investors, the decentralization of this industrial situation is still in progress. It is worth noting that as a result of market competition, some large travel agencies, especially the "Top 100" front-line travel agencies in metropolises and coastal economically developed areas, have re-emerged the scale development trend based on market competition. ①

2. On the surface

The profit of domestic travel agency industry is very low. However, considering the tax avoidance of enterprises, the imperfect incentive and restraint mechanism of state-owned enterprises and the imperfect corporate governance structure, there is still a large room for profit growth in China travel agency industry. Otherwise, it can't explain why on the one hand, the industry profits are getting lower and lower, on the other hand, more and more subjects are entering the "market paradox". In the future, the profit growth space of China travel agency industry will be mainly composed of "institutional innovation profit".

3. From the field investigation.

The competition structure of China travel agency industry is obviously unbalanced. This imbalance is manifested in the regional differences between the eastern, central and western regions, as well as the differences in management level and competitiveness among different enterprises such as international agents and domestic agents.

4. From the perspective of ability, brand and network structure.

Judging from the core competitiveness of enterprises such as product innovation ability, brand building and network construction, there is still a considerable gap between China's travel agencies and similar international enterprises.

(B) Analysis of the development of catering industry in China.

1, the way of catering consumption is more and more diversified and modern.

With personal travel, official travel, business activities, home consumption, leisure and entertainment. Will become the driving force of catering consumption, catering consumption will also break through the traditional business meals, family meals and other categories, and further expand to self-help, banquet, distribution and other fields. In the eastern coastal cities of China, the fast food market has accounted for half of the turnover of chain catering enterprises above designated size. This trend will also promote more innovative consumption patterns with different characteristics.

2. The connotation of catering service will be more and more humanized and ecological.

In recent years, the concept of "green catering" has been deeply rooted in people's hearts. Relevant departments and industry organizations have officially launched the "National Green Catering Consumption Project" to carry out the identification of national green catering enterprises. As consumers pay more and more attention to the quality and taste of life, the catering industry will combine its own development with environmental protection, resource conservation and healthy living.

3. The spread of catering culture will become more and more international and market-oriented.

In the future, not only a large number of foreign catering enterprises will enter the China market, but also more ethnic catering enterprises with advantages will "go out" to promote and innovate China catering culture in the world.

Second, the problems in the management of China's tourism enterprises

(A) From the perspective of the industry, travel agencies have developed rapidly, but there are still problems.

1, total amount and structure

At present, the overall judgment is that the total amount is insufficient and the structure is unbalanced. Because the number of travel agencies is directly related to the development degree of tourism demand, although the total scale is not small, there are many travel agencies that are not travel agencies, unlike travel agencies. However, the number of travel agencies that directly meet the needs of tourism development is insufficient, and the problem of unbalanced structure is more prominent, which is small, scattered, weak and poor in general. Everyone sells duplicate products, attracting duplicate customers in duplicate markets, and forming low-level competition.

2. Price and quality

It is precisely because of the low level of competition that "the price drops and the quality is unstable" is a common problem. There are reasonable factors for the price drop, because the market is open and there are many business units, which naturally leads to the price drop. Although consumers have benefited, the sharp drop in prices has also reduced the quality, leading to unstable quality.

3. Products and markets

The current situation is that there are too many mainland goods and the product development is not detailed. The market capacity is large, but the market development is insufficient. This situation is directly related to the existing scale of travel agencies, which are small in scale and weak in strength. Travel agencies cannot develop new products and open up new markets. Everyone has this awareness and does not have this strength.

4. Scale and network

At present, China is a big tourist country, but it is not a strong one. At present, we don't have a tourism enterprise that can match the status of a big tourism country. The "big" of travel agencies is reflected in "small scale and large network". The existing big travel agencies in China are the product of planned economy, not the result of market economy, and do not have the coordination of network operation and the consistency of marketing.

5, rules and order

From 1997, China began to strictly regulate the industry management of travel agencies. China is a developing country, basically in the primary stage of market economy, so it is necessary that rules are order. But after all, it is still in the stage of chaos, because it is in the early stage of development and the transition period of the whole society, and this chaos is only temporary. With the transformation of government management and service functions, these phenomena will gradually improve.

6. The application depth and effect of information technology

The gap between us is still obvious: the informatization popularization of travel agencies in China is low, and only a few travel agencies adopt informatization at present; The networking system between travel agencies and hotels, transportation and other related departments and travel agencies is still underdeveloped; Travel agencies lack full contact with influential computer systems in the world, and network work has just started. The reason why there is such a gap is the travel agency's own reasons, as well as the reasons of industry relations and macro-institutional environment, such as the difficulty in realizing cash payment, the opaque online price and the gap between expected income and actual income. ②

(B) catering problems are mainly manifested in

1, the macro-control is not strong enough, and the industry management is not in place.

In accordance with the requirements of the government to change its functions, give full play to the role of trade associations in industry management, industry self-discipline and industry coordination services. At present, most trade associations have not been established, and even if they have been established, they have not really played a role. Most markets have no clear development plan and network layout plan for the catering industry. In recent years, the catering industry is basically in a state of spontaneous adjustment and blind development, and the construction of outlets is more casual and the layout is not reasonable. There are no industry standards and norms, especially some small private enterprises lack integrity and operate illegally, which damages the interests of consumers and affects the image of the industry. ③

2. The management concept lags behind, and the overall quality needs to be improved.

(1) The change of business philosophy is slow, and R&D innovation is insufficient. With the development of catering industry, the overall quality and management level of most hotels and restaurants have been very high, but quite a few hotels and restaurants have not got rid of the traditional influence in business philosophy, business model and management technology, and the overall quality and management level of managers are still relatively low. The innovation of cooking research and development is not enough, the management of dishes lacks characteristics, and there is a lack of well-known shops and famous foods in the whole country and province. Some traditional famous foods have shrunk or made little progress.

(2) The quality of catering employees is uneven. There is a shortage of talents, training can't keep up, high-level management talents and technical talents are seriously insufficient, and the service quality and management level need to be further improved.

(3) The structural contradiction of catering service is more prominent. Popular catering services aimed at convenience and quickness are relatively lacking. Not only are there not enough service outlets, but the market order is not standardized enough, and the food quality and sanitary conditions can't keep up.

(4) The competition in the catering market has intensified. The profit rate of enterprises is low, the added value is small, and the independent innovation ability of domestic catering enterprises is generally weak.

(3) Other problems existing in the management of tourism enterprises

1, personnel quality

Tourism professionals have outdated concepts and lack of beliefs. Only see immediate interests, regardless of long-term development, seriously lack of collectivism and sense of responsibility as masters, weak sense of hardship in work, no sense of crisis in competition, and no long-term development ideas; The knowledge structure is unreasonable and there are few compound talents. First, personnel have a single knowledge structure and narrow cultural knowledge, and can only cope with primitive and simple basic work, lacking talents in business public relations, comprehensive analysis and information management. Second, with the development of new business, the old theoretical knowledge can no longer meet the actual needs, and some employees lack the update of knowledge, content with the status quo and do not make progress. ④

There are still many financial problems.

The management mode is rigid and the management concept is outdated; Weak financial management and lax asset management; Lack of internal control system and poor financial supervision; Poor fund-raising ability, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the development of tourism enterprises; Investment decision makers are arbitrary and lack of science.

3. There are still many problems in marketing, mainly as follows

(1) There is blind price reduction competition in marketing. Many tourism enterprises regard price reduction as the main means of competition. Aside from the arbitrage problem, this quotation is far below the cost. On the surface, tourism enterprises are still profitable after earning the difference through arbitrage. If this marketing strategy is used for a long time, it will only affect the product image of tourism enterprises and harm their own interests. In addition, the price reduction of overseas tour groups will also affect domestic tourism revenue.

(2) Ignoring after-sales service in tourism marketing leads to the loss of tourists. In modern tourism marketing, tourism products are a complete concept, including core products, tangible products and additional products. It requires not only tourists' physical and material satisfaction, but also tourists' psychological and spiritual satisfaction. This requires tourism enterprises to regard tourists as "gods" and serve them, otherwise they will be eliminated by the market. At present, most tourism enterprises do not have a good after-sales service system for tourism products, and many tourism enterprises think it is unnecessary at all.

(3) There is the problem of ignoring the tourism image in tourism marketing. The problem of tourism image has become a common headache all over the country. The main requirement of marketing is to extract the tourism image that fully reflects the actual characteristics and spread it to the target audience through effective marketing means. However, in recent years, when China vigorously promotes its own image characteristics, due to the lack of careful analysis of the characteristics of tourist destinations, it is impossible to scientifically design a tourism image with distinctive characteristics and attractiveness according to market demand, so that a lot of publicity funds have been spent, but the number of tourists has not come up, tourism is dull, the peak season is very different, and the image propaganda slogans are similar, let alone building a tourism brand. ⑤

Third, summarize and improve various problems in the management of tourism enterprises.

(a) 2 1 century China travel agency industry development strategy and business strategy.

1, industrial policy

(1) Establish a more open tourism market system. In this regard, the policy orientation should be to encourage and support travel agencies to set up cross-regional branches nationwide, promote the national flow of human resources production factors, give a more relaxed industrial environment in the aspects of chain operation and franchising of travel agencies, and give corresponding institutional support. In order to promote the adjustment of the division of labor system, the national tourism authorities need to work hard to promote the opening up of the local tourism market.

(two) to carry out special policy research on tourism in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The four places on both sides of the Taiwan Strait have become members of the World Trade Organization at the same time, which requires us to conduct special investigations and studies to prepare for the formulation of corresponding industrial policies and management measures.

(3) Adjust the policy of outbound tourism industry from boycott to promotion. In order to adapt to the rapid development of China citizens' outbound tourism and cultivate the transnational operation ability of China travel agency industry, it is necessary to adjust the outbound tourism industry policy from "moderate development" to "steady growth". At the same time, while opening China citizens' exit destinations in an orderly manner, it is required to open the market and allow China travel agencies to set up local branches.

2. Strengthen enterprise management and improve competitiveness in an all-round way.

Enterprises are the micro-foundation of economic operation, and strengthening enterprise management and improving the competitiveness of travel agencies is the foundation of doing a good job in the travel agency industry. Tourism and travel agencies are different from ordinary enterprises. Their input is mainly human resources and knowledge, and their output is mainly service, which can be said to be a classic intellectual industry. Therefore, the management of travel agencies should adhere to the combination of scientific management and people-oriented management, especially to do a good job of people. It is necessary to mobilize the enthusiasm of both operators and employees, give full play to the role of human resources in the knowledge economy, and comprehensively improve the innovation ability, quality service ability and marketing ability to form a travel agency management model with China characteristics.

3. Industry management

(1) Value orientation and behavior orientation of government departments. The government should reduce the links of administrative examination and approval and hand over the functions of self-regulation and management to social intermediary organizations. Increase the supply of public goods such as information platform, information collection and release, and industry unified practices.

(2) Strengthen the training of high-level human resources management of travel agencies. In the next stage of development, the travel agency industry especially needs high-level talents in finance, investment, strategic management, human resource management, market development and management who know computers, foreign languages, tourism business and professional knowledge. We have established China Tourism Development Research Institute, which is an operating platform for tourism industry development research, enterprise management research and human resources development, combining the strength of government, industry, learning and research in China.

(3) Some concrete suggestions on government behavior and industry supervision: strengthen the supervision of the illegal behavior of travel agency managers; Strengthen training and market supervision, create an environment and serve enterprises; Gradually solve the problem of vertical decentralization of national, provincial, sub-provincial and regional tourism authorities: implement dynamic management of travel agency quality margin.

(4) Business strategy

┠εEstablish is a strategic concept from the perspective of globalization. Our travel agencies should be conscious and capable of thinking about their development plans and business strategies from the perspective of global tourism market development and travel agency competition.

(2) Establish brand competition consciousness. Compared with price competition, brand competition is the competition of travel agencies at a higher level, and it is also an effective way for China travel agencies to get out of low-price competition.

Attach importance to the development and utilization of human resources. Special attention should be paid to the construction of incentive mechanism for high-quality managers. There are three levels of problems, namely entrepreneurs and strategic investors, professional managers and professional technicians in the field of enterprise management.

Application, popularization and popularization of information technology. In the first stage, information technology is mainly applied to the internal management of enterprises, especially large enterprises. In the second stage, the branch of information technology is mainly used for the construction of the external network of travel agencies. In the third stage, the application of information technology is mainly manifested in the application of Internet and communication technology by travel agencies to integrate marketing systems and strengthen market information collection, promotion, distribution and customer relationship management.

(B) Suggestions for the development of the catering industry

1, gang fight.

Actively cultivate and develop large-scale catering chain enterprises and enterprise groups. At the same time, it also actively supports the development of small and medium-sized hotels and restaurants suitable for mass consumption, with operating characteristics, honest service, convenient sanitation and affordable prices, enriching and activating the catering market to meet multi-level and diversified consumer demand.

2. Personalized services are more marketable.

Price and quality are the biggest problems in China catering industry at present. Due to uneven distribution, the total catering industry in some areas is too large, and the supply exceeds demand. In order to win customers and reduce prices, catering enterprises have reduced the service quality of the whole industry. Improve the "gold content" of the service and make the guests feel that it is worth the money. To do this, we must have a unique service system that can meet or even exceed customers' expectations.

3. Cultivate professionals and improve the overall quality of the catering industry.

To solve the problem of low overall quality of catering industry, firstly, introduce and cultivate high-quality management talents and technical talents; The second is to do a good job in industry training. While introducing talents, the focus is on on-the-job training.

Conclusion: Tourism is a new industry under the current market conditions. It is a very broad industry with considerable development space and potential, and it is a veritable sunrise industry. The management of tourism enterprises directly affects the development of tourism, and tourism enterprises often face many problems. In order to create greater economic and social benefits, tourism enterprises must constantly strengthen the management of tourism enterprises and constantly find and solve problems.

refer to

(1) Introduction to Tourism, Li Kaiyuan Nankai University Press, June 5-438+February, 2003.

② Journal of Tourism in China, No.4 in 2006.

③ Problems and countermeasures in the management of catering enterprises in Zhang Hongfeng in 2006.

④ Human Resource Management of Zhao Xiping Tourism Enterprises Nankai University Press

⑤ Wang Chenguang Tourism Marketing Management Economic Science Press, August 2004.