Appreciation of wine on Qingming Day

"There are many tombs on the north and south hills, and the Qingming Festival is different." The two sentences are distant views, one describes the physical scenery, and the other describes the human scenery. Based on this, we might as well think that the poet came to pay his respects on the Qingming Festival and witnessed this scene before reaching the place where the tombs are gathered. Because the tombs are often deep and afraid of blocking the path, he must see the distant view at a glance. So what kind of scene is this? "There are many tombs on the north and south hills." "North and South" should be a virtual reference, meaning all directions. Can it be interpreted as "there are many graveyards on the hills in all directions"? Don't we understand the infinite sadness of the poet when he said this sentence: "(Look!) There are so many cemeteries on the hills in all directions, (those are all dead people!)" Like this The solution is much richer. The human scene below is very logical. There are many cemeteries, so naturally there will be more people coming to pay homage and sweep: "Every person has their own way of worshiping and sweeping the Qingming Festival." But there is a problem here. "Ge" refers to the fact that each family sacrifices something unrelated to each other, while "Fenran" refers to the large number of people. So since there are so many people, why should everyone “sweep the snow in front of their own door”? Wouldn't there be scenes of mutual help and mutual comfort? It must be understood that people generally do not talk to each other except under certain circumstances, that is, when the pain and suffering are so extreme that the habit has become natural and everyone knows it well and there is no need to say anything.

"The ashes of paper fly into white butterflies, and the tears and blood turn into red cuckoos." In these two sentences, the poet steps forward, zooms in on the camera, and depicts the scenery and people in detail: "Ashes of paper fly into white. "Butterflies, tears and blood turn into red cuckoos." Literally speaking, it means that the paper turns into ashes, and the ashes fly all over the sky, like white butterflies; lovesickness turns into tears, and the teardrops turn into blood, like red cuckoos. But why use paper ashes as butterflies and tears and blood as cuckoos, instead of something else? We all know that Zhuang Zhou transforms into a butterfly and a cuckoo cries blood in the beautiful myths of ancient China. Then it’s clear: it turns out that butterflies are messengers that communicate between the two realms of yin and yang, and the ghost paper certainly plays such a role; similarly, how to express lovesickness in the most sincere way, so as not to always "Miss you like running water, It’s too late”, that’s superficial. "I" want to tell the people in the underworld that "we" have cried our tears dry thinking about you, and what we are crying out now is blood! This shocking power is really beyond words.

“The fox sleeps on the grave at sunset, and the children return home at night in front of the laughing lamp.” Continuing the previous sentence, the poet continues to write what he sees and thinks according to the development of time: “The fox sleeps on the grave at sunset, and the children return home at night before the laughing lamp. "Before." The sentence is of course an imaginary scene. How could there be such a coincidence for the poet to encounter a fox sleeping in the grave? It just means that the day of sacrifice is over, the sun is setting, and everyone goes home, but "I" know that there is only one animal that will not leave, and that is the fox. Why do you say that? Although "I" didn't see it, didn't "I" even understand the principle of "a fox must be killed before it dies"? You people cry and cry during the memorial ceremony. How can I see you showing any sadness at all on weekdays? Foxes are different. They are always loyal to their companions and "family". Even if they die, they must point their heads in the direction of the mound! It’s true that “the fox is like this, how can people be embarrassed”! This level of strong contrast cannot be obtained without careful consideration. But who knew that the contrast would be even stronger later: when I came home at night and saw the children playing in front of the lamp, how could they know "my" sadness, how could they know the pain of life, separation, and death? This is another huge impact for us. But that's not all. When we dig deeper, we find that these children are still so weak, so innocent, but they will eventually grow up, eventually grow old, and eventually die. This is destiny, how amazing it is. Sorry, so sad. You see, this coincides with the poet's tiredness of death mentioned in the first couplet. Are you surprised? There are so many connotations in just fourteen words, and they are all touching and thought-provoking words.

"If you have wine in your life, you must be drunk. How can a drop of it never reach the nine springs." The poet wants to sum up, which can be regarded as expressing his attitude: "If there is wine in life, you must be drunk. How can a drop of it never reach the nine springs." It should be said this It is a relatively common mental state of literati and doctors, which is to enjoy themselves in time. When we read this, we will involuntarily think of the systematic singing in "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "Life is less than a hundred years old, and I often worry about a thousand years old. The days are short and the nights are long, why not travel by candlelight?" Or we may think more directly of it. "If you have wine today, you will be drunk today, and you will be worried tomorrow." But is it really that simple? I think we have a misunderstanding on this point: that is, we have not differentiated and judged whether the expression of carpe diem thoughts has reached the state of perfection and has a broad mind, or whether it is helpless and depressed and pretending to be broad-minded. This is a very important issue. , can be studied as a special topic. As far as Gao Zhu's poem is concerned, it is obviously pretentious. You see, the poet is still in the world, but he has already thought that he will not be able to taste a drop of the wine that others will sacrifice to him after his death. This shows how nostalgic he is for this world! Lao Tzu said: "The five colors make one blind, the five tones make one deaf, the five tastes make one's mouth refreshed, and the pursuit of hunting makes one's heart go crazy." This shows that desire can make people lose their true self and gradually become dependent.

Originally, the following was supposed to be an analysis of artistic techniques, but because it involves theory, it is inconsistent with the original psychological evolution of my appreciation, so I omitted it. Gao Zhu was an important writer of the Jianghu Poetry School in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and he was from Ningbo. It can be said that both in terms of time and space, there is a coincidence with the Lou Yao I have recently studied.