What are the four theories of tourism?

The four 2 1 13 platforms of tourism theory or the 526 1 views of tourism theory are as follows: the 4 102 theoretical platform first appeared in the 1950s and 1960s, and tourism is considered as a positive factor to promote economic development at home and abroad. For example, increasing income, creating employment opportunities and multiplier effect have all played a positive role in economic development. Advocacy can also be called tourism promotion. According to this theory, tourism is a wide range of ideal activities and will not have negative effects. Even if there are some negative effects, it will only have a minimal negative impact on the tourist destination and will not affect the overall situation. Therefore, the governments of all countries and communities should try their best to attract and promote tourism activities and create a free market environment for tourism activities to the maximum extent. This tourism theory holds that tourism is a positive force to promote social development, and it should not be managed and controlled, but should be allowed to develop freely. The role of the government is to promote the development of tourism by formulating laws and regulations that are conducive to the development of tourism. This theoretical view never considers the potential negative effects and influences of tourism, and thinks that tourism and environmental protection are two completely different issues and concepts, which should be discussed, treated and handled separately, and cannot be confused. Prudence theory platform, a theoretical platform, came into being in the late 1960s. With the rapid development of tourism activities, people gradually realize that the benefits brought by tourism development are not all benefits, and the social and cultural costs and even economic costs brought by tourism activities are very heavy. The conflict with the social material environment and social cultural environment of tourism is becoming more and more serious; The negative impact of laissez-faire tourism development is constantly confirmed by reality. Tourism activities continue to expand rapidly to new tourism environment, especially in developing third world countries, which has a serious negative impact on these areas. Therefore, tourism academic circles have to reconsider the feasibility of unrestrained and logical mass tourism. From this, the theory of cautious tourism is derived. This theoretical view holds that tourism is a destructive force and should be strictly managed and controlled, or tourism activities should be completely avoided. Unless carefully planned and controlled, tourism activities will eventually bring various adverse consequences to tourist destinations. Contrary to advocating tourism theory, the basic feature of cautious tourism theory is to strengthen the management and control of tourism. The cautious view of tourism theory on the platform of adaptability theory reveals many negative factors accompanying tourism development. Therefore, since the early 1980s, people have been trying to find a tourism activity model that is beneficial to the development of local communities, which has led to the emergence of an adaptive theoretical platform. This theoretical platform advocates a strictly managed small-scale alternative tourism model, which, contrary to mass tourism, replaces mass tourism harmful to underdeveloped areas with various alternative tourism. This theoretical platform emphasizes the coordinated development of man and environment, advocates the development of small-scale tourism activities that are compatible with environmental resources, and opposes the large-scale and standardized tourism products of Fordism mode in the era of mass tourism. Under the banner of alternative tourism, various gathering modes include eco-tourism, soft tourism, moderate tourism, green tourism and responsible tourism. Knowledge-based theoretical platform Since the late 1980s, tourism research has entered the knowledge-based theoretical platform. This view of tourism theory puts knowledge first and attaches importance to the study of tourism theory. This tourism theory holds that, to a certain extent, the main function of tourism colleges is to discover and impart knowledge; It is believed that the decision-making of tourism management should not be influenced and interfered by politics, nor should it be based on emotion. The basis of decision-making should be the research results obtained through scientific research methods, that is, knowledge.

This theoretical platform has played a leading role in tourism research in recent years, promoting tourism research, tourism theory innovation and tourism discipline development. Although the development of tourism theory can be divided into the above four stages (four theoretical platforms or viewpoints), in fact, whenever a new tourism theory platform or viewpoint appears, one or several previous tourism theory platforms or viewpoints do not disappear, but coexist with the new tourism theory platform or viewpoint and play a role at the same time. Even today, any platform or viewpoint of the above tourism theory can find its supporters and markets. However, the birth of every new tourism theory platform or viewpoint shows tourism theorists, tourism professionals and government decision-making departments a new perspective to observe tourism, a new platform and a new concept to understand tourism, which helps people to further understand the mechanism of tourism and the relationship between tourism and human social activities and social development.