Does anyone have information about air pollution in Fuzhou?

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You may have had this experience: when you are in the city, you will feel the heat is unbearable; but when we come to the countryside, we can feel the oncoming breeze. The cool breeze will instantly make you feel refreshed and the heat will disappear. Why is there such a big temperature difference between cities and rural areas? This is caused by the urban heat island effect. Therefore, it is necessary for us to enter into the "urban heat island effect".

The so-called urban heat island effect, in layman's terms, refers to the phenomenon that the development of urbanization causes the temperature in the city to be higher than that in the outer suburbs. On the meteorological near-surface atmospheric isotherm map, the temperature changes very little in the vast suburban area, like a calm sea surface, while the urban area is an obvious high-temperature area, like an island protruding from the sea surface, because such islands represent high-temperature areas. Urban areas are therefore vividly called urban heat islands. In summer, the temperature in some areas of the city can be 6°C or even higher than that in the suburbs, forming a high-intensity heat island.

It can be seen that urban heat island reflects the concept of temperature difference. As long as there is an obvious temperature difference between the city and the suburbs, it can be said that urban heat island exists. Therefore, urban heat islands can occur throughout the year. However, the main impact on residents’ lives is the heat island effect caused by high temperatures in summer. Medical research shows that ambient temperature is closely related to the physiological activities of the human body. When the ambient temperature is higher than 28°C, people will feel uncomfortable; any higher temperature will easily lead to irritability, heatstroke, and mental disorder; the temperature is higher than 34°C, and Frequent heat waves can also cause a series of diseases, especially the incidence of heart, cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases, and the mortality rate. In addition, high temperatures also accelerate the rate of photochemical reactions, thereby increasing the concentration of O3 in the atmosphere, exacerbating air pollution and further harming human health.

Fuzhou's rapid economic development over the past 20 years of reform and opening up has changed the old appearance of "Fuzhou City, a paper city". The city has taken on a completely new look, and has won the titles of "National Sanitary City" and "National Sanitary City". "National Excellent Tourism City" and other titles. However, in recent years, the extremely hot weather in summer has increasingly troubled the general public. The number of days with the daily maximum temperature above 36°C in our city increases every summer, and it often ranks first among major cities in the country. In particular, the high temperature and long duration of the summer of 2003 are new records in the history of meteorological records: the highest temperature in Fuzhou city has exceeded 36°C for 24 consecutive days since June 29, 2003, setting a record since 1957. The record for the longest period of high temperature; the average daily temperatures in the urban area in July exceeded 30°C except for 29.3°C on July 27. The highest temperature on the 26th reached 41.7°C, both setting new records since Fuzhou had meteorological data in 1880. . The scorching heat of this summer still makes people feel frightened when they think about it. Data from the Meteorological Bureau shows that in the 1960s and 1970s, the temperature in the urban area of ??our city was only 0.16℃ and 0.17℃ higher than that in the suburbs. After the 1980s, the temperature difference between the urban area and the suburbs increased sharply to 0.4-0.7℃. This difference is even worse in summer. It is most obvious in the evening, with the temperature difference reaching 1.5-2℃. In the dusk of midsummer, when driving from the suburbs into the city, gusts of hot wind hit the face, and the coolness of the twilight in the suburbs was instantly swept away. The whole family used to enjoy the cool air in the courtyard in the evening, and the elderly entertained their grandchildren and enjoyed family time. The habit of having fun has become a beautiful memory that gradually fades away due to the unbearable heat. The "heat island effect" in urban areas of our city is relatively significant, and it is urgent to strengthen ecological environment construction to alleviate the urban "heat island effect".

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This summer, just after Fuzhou withstood a flood peak that had never happened in a century, what followed was a heat wave that lasted for nearly 10 days. "Rongcheng", which is "full of green shade and never covered in summer", suddenly looked like a steamer that had just been uncovered, making people suffocate due to the scorching heat. Could it be that Fuzhou has also fallen into the category of "China's furnace"? !

The sustained high temperature has not caused much damage to industry and agriculture. The greatest threat is to the old, weak, sick and disabled, especially the mortality rate of the elderly has increased significantly, and the number of people visiting hospitals due to heatstroke has also increased significantly. During this period, the government took various measures: for example, it increased the frequency of sprinkler trucks on 42 main roads; some units promised half-day working hours to the elderly, weak, sick and disabled; many units prepared free lunches and provided employees with cooling drinks, etc. . In the scorching heat of the past few days, most "office workers" in Fuzhou City took advantage of the fact that the sun was not "poisonous" and hid in their workplaces early in the morning, changing the habit of going home for lunch. In the evening, people who were so hot that they were "embarrassed" kept using taps to wash themselves and water their quilts. The surrounding environment was exposed in order to cool down; there were many more people "taking a dip" in the public swimming pool than usual; the undefended park lawn was driven in by an army of ordinary people.

Fuzhou Zoo has also taken measures to treat more than 130 species of animals in the park. Some animals are constantly changing and flushing water to cool down according to their habits; some are sent to cool air-raid shelters to "escape the heat."

The urban area of ??Fuzhou is located in the northwest of the Fuzhou Basin. It is surrounded by mountains and the Minjiang River passes through the city. The basin pattern of "surrounding mountains and sending rivers" causes heat to accumulate at the "basin bottom" and is difficult to dissipate. This is special The geographical location has caused Fuzhou’s climate characteristics of “nine times hot in ten years”. With urban expansion, dense population, and industrial concentration, the urban "heat island effect" phenomenon in the basin is particularly apparent.

It should be said that the natural geographical environment and the urban "heat island effect" are the decisive factors causing the temperature rise in urban areas.

Twenty or thirty years ago, the urban area of ??Fuzhou used to be the frontier of the East China Sea. Residential buildings were generally around 20 meters high. Due to "special" needs, the front and back of the houses were covered with "green clothes", becoming Measures were taken to conceal the building. In recent years, a large number of ancient and famous trees in Fuzhou have plummeted, and row upon row of "densely planted" high-rise buildings have risen from the ground, resulting in the inability to share the wind between buildings. At the same time, the phenomenon of "competing with rivers for land" and "competing with ponds for land" to build urban areas has not been stopped. It is reported that in the past 20 years, more than 70% of ponds have disappeared in urban areas, and surface water that regulates temperature has been replaced by reinforced concrete buildings and roads exposed to the sun. Although the per capita green area in Fuzhou reaches 6.1 square meters, a large number of old trees on lanes and sidewalks in the urban area have been cut down, and the replanted sidewalk trees and ornamental plants are still in a state of "no shade in summer". Ornamental flowers, plants and trees have become the main theme of greening and beautifying the city. This is an issue that garden builders must consider carefully. In addition, the "thermal pollution" of air conditioners is also the main factor causing people to complain about heat. When summer comes, shopping malls and units along the street often turn their air-conditioning units toward the street for the temporary enjoyment of those indoors, and the heat pollution they emit causes people passing by to "burn on the flames." Similarly, for the enjoyment of the passengers in the carriage, the hot air emitted by various motor vehicles while flowing or parked forms a "heat flow" on the ground floor with the hot ground, becoming a flowing "stove".

Fuzhou is so hot that it makes people feel dizzy, so hot that they open their mouths and breathe heavily.

According to the meteorological department, the rainy season in Fuzhou ended earlier this year than in previous years. Since mid-June, the province has been affected by the strong subtropical high pressure control system and the "heat island 1" effect. Daily extreme temperatures in Fuzhou have been above 36°C, and the temperature once reached 38.6°C on July 16. As of press time, the heat wave that has lasted for several days is gradually receding. But meteorological experts warned that this heat wave will not be the last one this year.

Fuzhou people are finally used to the heat.

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Definition of air pollution

In a clean atmosphere, the composition of trace gases is insignificant. However, in a certain range of the atmosphere, trace substances that were not previously present appear. Their quantity and duration may have adverse effects and harm to people, animals, plants, articles, and materials. When the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere reaches a harmful level, causing damage to the ecosystem and the conditions for normal human survival and development, and causing harm to people or things, it is called air pollution. The causes of air pollution include both natural factors and man-made factors, especially man-made factors, such as industrial waste gas, combustion, automobile exhaust and nuclear explosions. With the rapid development of human economic activities and production, a large amount of energy is consumed, and a large amount of waste gas and smoke are also discharged into the atmosphere, which seriously affects the quality of the atmospheric environment, especially in densely populated cities and industrial areas. The so-called dry air refers to the air in the natural state of the atmosphere (composed of mixed gases, water vapor and impurities) that removes water vapor and impurities. Its main components are nitrogen, accounting for 78.09%; oxygen, accounting for 20.94%; and argon, accounting for 20.94%. 0.93%; other trace gases with content less than 0.1% (such as neon, helium, carbon dioxide, krypton).

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Fuzhou City Air Pollution Prevention and Control Measures

[Issue Unit]: Fuzhou Municipal People’s Congress Standing Committee

[Issue Date]: March 28, 2002

[Effective date]: May 1, 2002

Fuzhou City Air Pollution Prevention and Control Measures

Article 1 is to prevent and control atmospheric pollution Pollution, these measures are formulated in accordance with the "Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China" and other laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation of this city.

Article 2 These Measures apply to the prevention and control of air pollution within the administrative region of this city.

Article 3 The people’s governments at all levels of this city are responsible for the atmospheric environment quality within their respective jurisdictions.

City, county (city) and district environmental protection administrative departments implement unified supervision and management of air pollution prevention and control within their respective jurisdictions.

Article 4: Implement a total amount control system for pollutants discharged into the atmosphere. The types of pollutants subject to total control and the total control plan (including total emission indicators) shall be approved and announced by the Municipal People's Government in accordance with the law.

Units that discharge pollutants into the atmosphere must apply for a discharge license from the environmental protection administrative department in accordance with regulations. Pollutant discharge shall not exceed the indicators specified in the permit.

Article 5 Industrial units that emit air pollutants under the key control of the environmental protection administrative department shall install automatic continuous monitoring devices and be connected to the automatic pollution source monitoring system.

Article 6 It is prohibited to sell or use coal and fuel oil with sulfur content exceeding the prescribed standards. The specific standards shall be announced by the Municipal People's Government.

It is prohibited to build, renovate or expand facilities using coal and heavy oil as fuel in urban built-up areas.

Existing boilers and kilns that use coal or fuel oil with sulfur content exceeding the prescribed standards must switch to qualified fuel within a time limit, or install desulfurization devices and online monitoring devices. Specific measures shall be stipulated by the Municipal People's Government.

Article 7 Catering services and unit canteens in urban built-up areas should use clean energy such as gas and electricity, and install oil fume and exhaust gas purification devices. It is prohibited to enter pedestrian passages, rivers, or underground drainage pipe networks. Exhaust fumes or furnace smoke.

Article 8 Units that discharge toxic and harmful substances containing benzene, toluene, dimethylformate glue and other toxic and harmful substances into the atmosphere and engage in commercial spray painting, plastic spraying, and sandblasting must install purification devices. and must not exceed specified emission standards.

It is prohibited to burn asphalt, linoleum, rubber, plastic, leather, garbage and other materials in densely populated areas such as urban areas, suburban areas, market towns, scenic spots, nature reserves and other areas that require special protection according to law. Other substances that produce toxic and harmful smoke and odorous gases.

Article 9 Dust prevention measures must be taken when stacking, loading, unloading and transporting coal, coal ash, cinder, coal gangue, cement clinker, sand, gravel, dust, slag and other dust-prone substances.

Article 10 Construction or exterior wall decoration sites must be equipped with enclosures that meet the standards; dirt piles, sand piles and other dust-prone materials in the construction site should be covered or sprayed with covering agent when not in use .

Construction waste should be handled in a sealed manner and should not be thrown into the air.

Article 11 Fences should be set up during construction on roads. If pneumatic drills, electric saws, electric grinders, concrete mixers and other tools are used for construction, dust suppression measures must be taken.

Article 12 The transportation roads in construction sites, material yards, solid waste storage areas and other areas must be hardened, and devices for cleaning exiting vehicles and equipment should be set up at the exits. Vehicles and equipment that have not been effectively cleaned should be Equipment is not allowed to be used.

Article 13 When demolishing a building, the construction must be enclosed and dust suppression measures must be taken. If construction does not start within ninety days after demolition, the construction unit shall take simple hardening, simple greening and other dust prevention measures on the demolition site.

Article 14 When cleaning and cleaning operations are carried out on roads, squares and other public places, dust suppression measures should be taken, and the cleaned garbage should be transported in a sealed manner.

Article 15 The Municipal People’s Government shall promote the use of motor vehicles using clean energy sources such as liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas, electricity, and solar energy based on the city’s atmospheric environment quality requirements and the status of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles.

Article 16 If a newly purchased vehicle fails the initial pollutant emission test, the public security and transportation management department will not issue the vehicle license plate and driving license, except for vehicles exempted from inspection by the state.

No annual testing of pollutant emissions is conducted. Or for motor vehicles that fail the annual inspection, the public security and transportation management department will not issue an annual inspection certificate.

Article 17 Pollutant emissions from motor vehicles driving in this city shall not exceed the national emission standards. The environmental protection administrative department may supervise and conduct random tests on pollutant emissions from motor vehicles in use at motor vehicle parking areas.

The public security and transportation management department shall order a motor vehicle that emits black smoke or thick smoke while driving to suspend use and go to a testing agency commissioned by the environmental protection administrative department for testing within the specified time.

Owners or drivers of motor vehicles in use shall not refuse or obstruct supervision and random testing by the environmental protection administrative department or the public security and traffic management department.

Article 18 If the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles exceeds the prescribed standards and the emissions still fail to meet the standards after two time-limited treatments, the municipal environmental protection administrative department shall notify the municipal public security and transportation management department, which shall follow the relevant national regulations. Mandatory scrapping is stipulated.

Article 19 Motor vehicle maintenance units shall carry out maintenance in accordance with the requirements for preventing and controlling air pollution and relevant national technical specifications, so that the motor vehicles in use meet the prescribed pollutant emission standards.

Business units engaged in secondary maintenance of motor vehicles, engine assembly overhaul, and complete vehicle overhaul shall be equipped with pollutant emission testing instruments and equipment in accordance with regulations.

Motor vehicles that have undergone secondary maintenance, engine assembly overhaul, vehicle overhaul and repairs that affect the vehicle's pollutant emissions shall not be delivered for use if the pollutant emissions exceed the prescribed emission standards.

After a motor vehicle has been repaired by the items listed in the preceding paragraph, if its pollutant emissions exceed the prescribed emission standards when used normally within the specified maintenance quality guarantee period, the motor vehicle maintenance unit shall be responsible for the maintenance so that it Meet required emission standards.

The transportation administrative department shall strengthen the supervision and management of motor vehicle maintenance units.

Article 20: Departments engaged in motor vehicle pollution testing business shall ensure that testing instruments comply with national standards and conduct testing in accordance with prescribed testing procedures and technical specifications.

Article 21 Anyone who violates the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 4 of these Measures and fails to apply for a discharge license as required, or whose pollutant discharge exceeds the quota specified in the license, shall be prosecuted by the environmental protection administrative department. Order to make corrections within a time limit and impose a fine of 5,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan.

Article 22 Anyone who violates the provisions of these Measures and commits any of the following acts shall, according to different circumstances, be ordered by the environmental protection administrative department to stop the illegal act, make corrections within a time limit, be given a warning and be fined from 5,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan. A fine of 50,000 yuan:

(1) The pollutant discharge unit fails to install automatic continuous monitoring devices as required, or dismantles or leaves idle automatic continuous monitoring devices for air pollution sources without authorization;

(2) Stacking, loading, unloading and transporting coal, coal ash, cinder, coal gangue, cement clinker, sand, gravel, dust, muck and other dust-prone substances without taking dust prevention measures.

Article 23 Anyone who violates the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article 6 of these Measures by selling or using coal or fuel oil with a sulfur content exceeding the standard shall be ordered by the environmental protection administrative department to cease the illegal act and confiscate it. Coal, fuel oil and illegal income sold and used.

Article 24: Anyone who violates the provisions of these Measures and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the environmental protection administrative department to stop the illegal act, make corrections within a time limit, dismantle or confiscate facilities that burn highly polluting fuels, and Individuals are subject to a fine of 500 yuan, and units are subject to a fine of 3,000 to 10,000 yuan:

(1) Newly built, renovated, or expanded facilities that use coal or heavy oil as fuel;

(2) The catering service industry and unit canteens fail to use clean energy such as gas and electricity as required, or fail to install oil fume and exhaust gas purification devices as required, or discharge oil fume and furnace smoke to sidewalks, rivers, and underground drainage pipe networks. .

Article 25 Violates the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article 8 of these Measures by emitting toxic and harmful substances such as benzene, xylene, dimethylformamide into the atmosphere, or engaging in commercial spray painting or plastic spraying , sandblasting, failing to install purification devices in accordance with regulations or emitting emissions exceeding standards, the environmental protection administrative department shall order them to stop production or use and impose a fine of RMB 10,000 to RMB 50,000.

Violate the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 8 of these Measures, burning asphalt, Linoleum, rubber, plastic, leather, garbage and other substances that produce toxic and harmful smoke, dust and odorous gases will be ordered by the environmental protection administrative department to stop illegal activities, and a fine of 500 to 1,000 yuan will be imposed on individuals and a fine of 500 yuan on units. Fines ranging from RMB 5,000 to RMB 20,000.

Article 26 Anyone who violates the provisions of these Measures and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the construction administrative department to stop the illegal act, make corrections within a time limit, and be given a warning. If the circumstances are serious, he shall be fined from RMB 3,000 to RMB 3,000. A fine of 10,000 yuan:

(1) Failure to set up enclosures as required during construction on the road, or failure to take dust suppression measures;

(2) Transport roads at the construction site Failure to harden in accordance with regulations, or failure to set up a device for cleaning exit vehicles and equipment at the exit, or failing to effectively clean exit vehicles and equipment;

(3) Failure to comply with regulations at construction and exterior wall decoration sites Setting up standard enclosures, or piles of dirt, sand and other dust-prone materials on the construction site, and not covering them or spraying covering agents when not in use;

(4) Construction waste is not collected according to the regulations It is required to be handled in a sealed manner or thrown into the air.

Article 27 Anyone who violates the provisions of these Measures and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the environmental protection administrative department to stop the illegal act, make corrections within a time limit, and give a warning. If the circumstances are serious, he shall be fined 3,000 yuan. A fine of up to 10,000 yuan:

(1) Failure to enclose the building in accordance with regulations, or failure to take dust suppression measures;

(2) The construction unit fails to comply with regulations Adopt simple hardening or simple greening measures at the demolition site;

(3) The transportation roads in the material yard, solid waste storage yard and other areas are not hardened as required, or the exit is not equipped with a cleaning area as required Installation of vehicles and equipment, or leaving vehicles and equipment without effective cleaning.

Article 28 Anyone who violates the provisions of Article 14 of these Measures by carrying out cleaning operations on roads, squares and other public places without taking dust suppression measures shall be ordered by the city appearance administrative department Make corrections within a time limit and give a warning.

If the cleaned garbage is not transported in an airtight manner according to regulations, the city appearance administrative department will order it to make corrections, give a warning and impose a fine of 200 yuan.

Article 29 If any vehicle that violates the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article 17 of these Measures and the pollutant emissions from motor vehicles driving in this city is tested to exceed the national emission standards, the environmental protection administrative department shall The vehicle owner shall be ordered to stop using the vehicle and rectified within a time limit, and the owner of the vehicle shall be fined from RMB 200 to RMB 500 per vehicle.

In violation of the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 17 of these Measures, motor vehicles driving in this city that emit black smoke or thick smoke into the atmosphere are not inspected by the testing agency overdue, or motor vehicles that fail to pass the inspection are overdue. If there is no rectification, the public security and traffic management department will temporarily detain the motor vehicle license plate and motor vehicle driving license, and impose a fine of 500 to 2,000 yuan.

In violation of the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 17 of these Measures, if the owner or driver of a motor vehicle in use refuses or obstructs the environmental protection administrative department or the public security and transportation management department from supervising and testing pollutants emitted by motor vehicles, The case shall be handled by the public security department or the environmental protection administrative department in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

Article 30 If a maintenance unit violates the provisions of Article 19 of these Measures and delivers a motor vehicle for use whose pollutant emissions still exceed the prescribed emission standards after maintenance, the environmental protection administrative department shall order it to stop violating the law. behavior, a warning and a fine of NT$3,000 to NT$5,000 will be imposed.

Article 31 The environmental protection administrative department, the construction administrative department, the city appearance administrative department and the public security and traffic management department shall not accept matters that should be accepted, or shall not accept illegal acts that should be investigated and dealt with. If the investigation and punishment results in serious damage to the interests of the public, or abuse of power or malpractice for personal gains, the unit or the superior department shall impose administrative sanctions on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted, the person responsible shall be investigated in accordance with the law. criminal responsibility.

Article 32 These Measures shall come into effect on May 1, 2002.