What kind of place is Shanhaiguan?

Shanhaiguan, also known as "Yuguan", was considered the eastern starting point of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall before 1990, and was known as "the first pass in the world". It echoes the Jiayuguan Pass, the "most majestic pass in the world" thousands of miles away, and is famous all over the world. After the Hushan Great Wall in Dandong City, Liaoning Province was excavated in 1990, the archaeological community believed that the Hushan Great Wall should be the eastern starting point of the Ming Great Wall. In 1961, Shanhaiguan, the Great Wall of China, was announced as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Guan Gong's 1,700-year-old Qinglong Yanyue Sword, with its blade facing east, is now placed on the Shanhaiguan Gate Tower and becomes the Zhenguan. treasure. [Edit this paragraph] Geographical location Shanhaiguan is one of the northeastern passes of the Ming Great Wall. It covers 26 kilometers of the Great Wall and is located 15 kilometers northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. It is a municipal district of Qinhuangdao City. One is called "Yuguan", also known as "Yuguan". [Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution Shanhaiguan was called Yuguan in ancient times, also known as Yuguan, also known as Linlu Pass. In the 14th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1381 AD), Zhongshan King Xu Da was ordered to build Yongping, Jieling and other passes and built them here. Shanhaiguan is named Shanhaiguan because it is adjacent to Yanshan Mountain in the north and the Bohai Sea in the south.

Shanhaiguan is the northeastern starting point of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. It covers 26 kilometers of the Great Wall,[1][2] and is located more than 10 kilometers east of Qinhuangdao City. According to historical records, Shanhaiguan has a history of more than 600 years since it was built in 1381 AD. It has been an important military town in my country since ancient times. The city of Shanhaiguan is a small city with a circumference of about 4 kilometers. The entire city is connected to the Great Wall and uses the city as a gateway. The city is 14 meters high and 7 meters thick.

In the late Ming Dynasty, female generals Qin Liangyu and Wu Sangui guarded Shanhaiguan Pass.

Although this pass has become a historical relic, it inspires people's strong will and patriotic sentiments with its majestic and solemn appearance and evocative history. [Edit this paragraph] Construction specifications The city of Shanhaiguan is about 4 kilometers in circumference. It is a small city. The entire city is connected to the Great Wall and uses the city as a gateway. The city is 14 meters high and 7 meters thick. The city has four main gates and a variety of ancient defensive buildings. It is a city gate with a relatively complete defense system and is known as the "No. 1 Gate in the World". The main body is the mighty and majestic "The First Pass in the World" Arrow Tower, supplemented by the Jingbian Tower. Linlu Tower. Great Wall buildings such as Muying Tower, Weiyuan Hall, Wengcheng, Dongluo City, and the Great Wall Museum show visitors the ancient Chinese city defense architectural style.

Shanhaiguan is an ancient cultural city. The city wall buildings of the Ming Dynasty are basically intact. Most of the main streets and alleys have been preserved as they were. In particular, there are still a number of courtyard houses that have been preserved, making the ancient city more elegant and simple. What adds most to the beauty of the ancient city is the east gate of Guancheng. It is the largest Guancheng tower in the world. It stands on top of the Great Wall and commands a majestic view of the surrounding areas. Climbing to the second floor of the city tower, you can overlook the entire Shanhaiguan City and the wilderness outside the pass. Looking to the north, you can see the majesty of the Jiaoshan Great Wall in the distance; the sea to the south is also dimly visible. The first gate tower in the world is located in the north and south, and there are also buildings such as Jingbian Tower, Muying Tower and Linlu Tower. Walking on the Great Wall will make you feel the greatness of our ancestors and the extraordinary wisdom of the descendants of Yan and Huang. [Edit this paragraph] Cultural connotation Shanhaiguan is an ancient cultural city with a long history and one of the image representatives of the world cultural heritage - the Great Wall of China.

The plaque "The First Pass in the World" is more than 5 meters long and 1.5 meters high. It was written by Xiao Xian, a famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. A masterpiece of ancient and modern times. According to legend, the last word "一" was not written together, but the calligrapher threw the pen full of ink into the air and clicked it.

After walking down the "First Gate in the World" tower, you can visit the Great Wall Museum, where you will be shown the past and present of the Great Wall as well as amazing physical exhibits. Guanshan

In the ancient city, tasting local delicacies will greatly increase your pleasure in traveling and appreciate the local customs of Shanhaiguan.

Shanhaiguan has a long cultural history. As early as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors have been working and living here.

Shanhaiguan Scenic Area is a famous historical and cultural city and tourist summer resort with a large collection of historical sites, beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. There are more than 90 historical sites in the area that are of development and appreciation value. In 2000, Shanhaiguan Scenic Area was rated as the first batch of 4A-level tourist attractions; in 2001, the State Council officially listed Shanhaiguan District of Qinhuangdao City as a national historical and cultural city. The six major scenic spots are the "Temple", "Jiaoshan Mountain", "The First Pass in the World", "Mountain of Longevity" and "Yansai Lake", all of which are open to Chinese and foreign tourists. They are famous tourist areas at home and abroad. Among them: Shanhaiguan Great Wall brings together the essence of China’s ancient Great Wall. The eastern starting point of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is Lao Longtou. The Great Wall meets the sea. The blue sea and golden sands, the open sky and the mountains are majestic. The towering pass is famous both at home and abroad. It is known as the "Pinghan of the Capital and the Throat of Liao Zuo" The Great Wall at Jiaoshan is winding, the beacon towers are steep, and the scenery is picturesque. Among the "Eight Scenes of Yuguan" here are "Mountain Temple, Rain and Sunny, Ruilian Holding the Sun" and the wonderful "Qixian Buddha's Light", which attract many tourists. Meng Jiangnu Temple interprets the Chinese folk legend - the touching story of Jiang Nu looking for her husband. The largest natural granite cave in northern China - Xuanyang Cave, with its strange caves, rocks and gurgling springs, is like a paradise. Yansai Lake, the pearl outside the Great Wall, is so beautiful.

Ticket price: Shanhaiguan Archery Tower ticket: 40 yuan, full ticket 90 yuan (you can take a tour bus)

"The First Pass in the World" plaque

According to legend, five More than a hundred years ago, Emperor Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty personally issued a decree to hang a large plaque titled "The First Pass in the World" on the Shanhaiguan Gate Tower. At that time, the person guarding Shanhaiguan was a director of the Ministry of War (equivalent to the deputy minister of defense). After receiving the imperial edict, he immediately sent people to climb the archery tower, measured the dimensions, and asked a carpenter to make a piece of stone that was one foot eight feet long and five feet wide. Giant plaque. Now that the plaque is ready, who can we find to write it? The head of the Ministry of War discussed it with his subordinates for a day and a night, and finally thought of someone. This man's surname was Xiao Mingxian. He was born as a Jinshi in the second rank. He had served as a police officer in Fujian Province and was good at calligraphy. In recent years, he resigned due to old age and returned home to Shanhaiguan to find work.

The next morning, the head of the Ministry of War personally visited the Xiao family and explained his intention. Xiao Xian pondered for a long time before nodding in agreement. However, he proposed that writing such words should not be rushed or rushed, so the head of the Ministry of War had no choice but to agree.

More than twenty days have passed in the blink of an eye, and there is no news. The head of the Ministry of War asked his subordinates to prepare several things: several bolts of silk and grosgrain, several large brushes, and sent a confidant to deliver them to Xiao Xian. Not long after, the gift-giver came back and reported: "Old Mr. Xiao is practicing in the side courtyard. He gets up early every day and plays with a long pole in the courtyard every day." The head of the Ministry of War was puzzled as to what the relationship between playing with the pole and writing was. He has been waiting for so many days, so let's wait some more.

More than twenty days later, there was still no movement. The head of the Ministry of War asked his servant Hu to prepare some good Hui ink and rice paper, and sent his trusted aide to Xiao's house again with the things. The gift-giver came back and reported: "Mr. Xiao is reciting poetry in the house, reciting something that flows down three meters." Thousands of feet, what is the Milky Way falling into the sky...what comes like thunder and wrath, just like the blue light of the river..." "What did he say when he saw the gift?" "He said it would be there in one month. You can write now.”

The director of the Ministry of War didn’t quite understand what he said, but he finally had a deadline, so just wait. The director of the Ministry of War never expected that he would receive an urgent letter from the Ministry of War the next day. The letter said that the new governor of Jiliao, acting emperor, was coming to Shanhaiguan to inspect the hanging of the plaque and was expected to arrive within three days. The head of the Ministry of War was so anxious that he immediately had someone carry the wooden plaque and a jar of ink to Xiao's house.

When we arrived at Xiao's house, after greetings, we told Xiao Xian about the urgent message from the Ministry of War. Xiao Xian was also an official, so he did not hesitate and took action immediately. I saw him walking back and forth in front of the plaque with a pen in hand. As he walked, he looked at it, nodded, and laughed. Suddenly, he stopped, held his breath, and began to write. I saw him writing like a rock falling from a high mountain, and starting a pen like a flying swallow plundering. Some are fast, some are slow, some are steady, and some are accurate. His pen goes with him. After a while, the five characters "The First Pass in the World" were written. When you look at Xiao Xian again, he is covered in sweat and his face is red. The head of the Ministry of War hurriedly handed over his hands and thanked him. Xiao Xian said: "I originally wanted to spend a month reading ancient poems and cultivating my temperament, but unfortunately, the time is too short." The head of the Ministry of War quickly said: "This is already very good, already very good."

The next morning, the head of the Ministry of War ordered someone to hang a large plaque on the archery tower and entertained Xiao Xian at the "Yue Xin Zhai" restaurant below the archery tower. After drinking for three rounds, the guests and hosts leaned on the railing and looked up. Only then did Xiao Xian realize that the word "下" was missing a little. At this time, the general report to Governor Ji Liao had already crossed the Shihe River, and it was too late to go back to the house to get a pen and go upstairs to write more. What should I do? Xiao Xian was quick to think, and ordered the boy to study the ink immediately. He grabbed a piece of tablecloth from the waiter's hand, and it was a ball in his hand. Soaked in ink, he used all his strength to throw it towards the plaque on the arrow tower. Just hearing a "bah" sound, the ink cloth happened to fall on the lower right corner of the word "下", filling in the "dot". Everyone congratulated Cai in unison and praised in unison: "Master Xiao's divine pen, divine pen!"

The plaque written by Xiao Xian is now stored in the Shanhaiguan Gate Tower. What is hung on the tower is a later imitation.

This is the legend about Xiao Xian writing the majestic plaque "The First Pass in the World" that I searched on the Internet. It contains many elements of folk interpretation and can only be listened to as a story. [Edit this paragraph]Climate conditions Shanhaiguan is located in the Bohai Bay in northeastern China, with east longitude 119°24' to 119°51' and north latitude 39°48' to 40°07'. It is an urban area affiliated with Qinhuangdao City, northeast of the city department. It borders Yanshan Mountain to the north, Bohai Sea to the south, Liaoning to the east, and Beijing and Tianjin to the west. The natural area covers an area of ??180 square kilometers and has a population of 125,000. There are major rivers such as Shihe River, Chaohe River and Shahe River in the territory. The climate belongs to the eastern monsoon warm and humid zone. There is no severe heat in summer, no severe cold in winter, abundant rainfall and pleasant climate. The average annual rainfall is 736 mm, the maximum snow depth is 13 cm, the maximum freezing depth is 85 cm, and the average relative humidity of the air is 62%.

[Edit this paragraph] Honorary achievements: In 1985, it was listed as the first among the "Top Ten Scenic Spots in the Country"; in 1987, "The Great Wall-Shanhaiguan" was included in the "World Natural and Cultural Protection Heritage" list by UNESCO;

In 1991, Shanhaiguan and Laolongtou Great Wall were rated as "China's Top 40 Tourist Attractions";

In 1992, they were identified as the "92 China Friendship Tourism Year" national tourist route;

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In 1993, it was identified as a key tourist extension point of the "'93 China Landscape and Scenery Tour";

In 1994, it was identified as an important national cultural relics and historic site tourist route;

1995 In 1999, it was identified as the "Chinese Folk Customs Tour - Great Wall Customs" tourist route;

In 1999, it was among the first batch of "China's Excellent Tourism Cities" in the country, and Changshou Mountain, Jiaoshan and Yansai Lake were named " National Forest Park";

In 2000, it was awarded the title of "National Civilized Scenic Tourism Demonstration Site" by the Central Civilization Office and the National Tourism Administration;

In 2000, it was among the first batch of national civilized scenic spots selected by the National Tourism Administration. Evaluated as a "National AAAA Tourist Attraction";

In 2001, it was named as a "Famous Historical and Cultural City in China";

In 2002, Changshou Mountain, Jiaoshan, and Yansai Lake were named as " National Geopark (Liujiang Basin National Geopark)";

In 2007, it was reviewed and approved by the National Tourist Attractions Quality Rating Committee as the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions. [Edit this paragraph] Origin of the place name It is said that more than 600 years ago, Zhu Yuanzhang became the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He issued a decree and sent Marshal Xu Da and Military Advisor Liu Bowen to the fortress north of the capital to besiege the city and fortify it within two years. , must be completed.

Xu Da and Liu Bowen received the order, took their troops and set off immediately, and soon arrived at the frontier fortress. The next day, the two rode up to the heights to look for a place to build the city. When it comes to building a city, Xu Da is an amateur. He only knows how to fight and charge into battle. But he is not as good as Liu Bowen when it comes to besieging a city and fortifying it. Liu Bowen knew astronomy from above and geography from below, so he was very knowledgeable. Xu Da looked at it from a high place and said repeatedly: "What a good place, what a battlefield!" But Liu Bowen remained silent.

On the third day, the two of them came here again on horseback, and Xu Da kept saying: "What a great place, a rare good place!" Liu Bowen still didn't say a word. On the fourth day, the two of them came here again on horseback. Xu Da said again and again: "What a battlefield, what a battlefield!" Liu Bowen still didn't hum. Seeing this, Xu Da was puzzled and asked hurriedly: "Military advisor, we and I came here with an order to besiege the city and fortify it. For three days in a row, you didn't say a word. Why?" "For the Ming Dynasty! And for you..." "For Me? What do you say?" Liu Bowen pointed his riding whip forward and said, "Marshal, look at it: the Yanshan Mountains are in the north and the Bohai Sea is in the sky. It's like one man can guard the pass, and no one can open it." Xu Dasu! Knowing that the military advisor had a good strategy, he asked: "What kind of building do you want to build?" Liu Bowen said: "This city is bigger and taller than other cities. It needs to be city-to-city, city-to-city, building-to-building. Build a golden city with an iron wall." Liu Bowen pointed his horse whip around and said, "Marshal, this is both a good battlefield and a good place to live. You see, the land here is fertile and the climate is mild. It's really a good place to settle down. What a great place!" Xu Da suddenly realized when he heard this, and remembered what the military advisor said, "It's all for you." Xu Da applauded repeatedly and returned to camp that day. The two of them drew pictures overnight and sent generals to the capital the next day. The imperial court approved the report and started construction immediately. After working for a full year and eight months, Guancheng was completed.

In the morning of the morning, when Zhu Yuanzhang saw Xu Da and Liu Bowen coming back, he asked: "When the two beloved ministers return to the capital, can the city be built?" Have you named it?" Xu Da and Liu Bowen were stunned when they heard it. At that time, the decree was only called to build the city, but not to name it! Xu Da was straight-hearted, and just when he opened his mouth, Liu Bowen took a step forward and said, "I don't dare to act rashly. It's just that the city, with the sea in the south and mountains in the north, is really the gateway between mountains and seas. Long live the sage, please give me your blessing!" Zhu Yuanzhang said Listen, waved his hand and said: "Okay, let's call it Shanhaiguan!"

After returning from the court, Liu Bowen followed Xu Da to the Xu Mansion and said to Xu Da: "I can no longer be an official in the court. I We have to go." Xu Da asked hurriedly: "What are you going to do?" Liu Bowen said, "I am a Taoist in the mountains, so I should go travel around the world!" Xu Da was puzzled and said, "You and I will fight in the north and south with the emperor. , from Dingjiangshan, now we have built Shanhaiguan City. It can be said that we have worked hard and should have enjoyed glory and wealth. If we leave like this, the emperor knows that it will not be done right." Liu Bowen said: "Long live it, let us enjoy the glory. They will not send us to build a border fortress, nor will we only give it a two-year deadline. If you and I do not accept the order, our lives will be in danger; There is no emperor in my family; I dare not name it now, which is also a sign of incompetence. This is just the beginning!" Xu Da was confused: "Military advisor, you mean..." Liu Bowen waved his hand and said, "The rabbit is dead!" When the dog is cooked, the bird is hidden. Are there many examples of the emperor and his ministers being in trouble and not being able to fight against the enemy?" After saying this, Xu Da was stunned. After a long time, he said: "Military advisor, as soon as you leave? What should I do?" Liu Bowen said, "You can't leave. You have to accompany me. Don't leave me at any time. If I chase you, don't leave. In addition, your children can't stay in the capital. Let them go to Shanhaiguan. The city is high and the pond is deep, so they are not exposed to the danger of swords. Even if the war is raging, there are flat rivers in front and high mountains in retreat. It is a place to use force.

Xu Da said, "Just do as the military advisor says." Tomorrow, ask the child to go to Shanhaiguan. "Just as he was talking, a general broke in, his surname was Hu and his name was Dahai. He heard the conversation between Xu and Liu outside the tent. When he entered the room, he shouted: "Marshal, I have been with you through life and death, and we have fought on the battlefield. Now the young master is going to Shanhaiguan. , I will also send a child to go with him! " Before he finished speaking, General Chang Yuchun came again. Liu Bowen knew that the three people in front of him were close friends of life and death, so he told him the whole story. Chang Yuchun also insisted on sending a child to Shanhaiguan with him.

< p>Soon, Liu Bowen left without saying goodbye. According to Liu Bowen's words, Xu Da could only save his life by staying close to the emperor. However, Hu Dahai, Chang Yuchun and other founding fathers died in the sea of ????fire in the Qinggong Tower. >

Besides, the three sons of Xu Da, Hu Dahai and Chang Yuchun came to Shanhaiguan and settled down. Later, the descendants of these three families built the Xu Da Temple in Shanhaiguan City, the Hu Family Tomb in the northeast of the city, and the Hu Family Tomb in the southwest of the city. The Chang family tombs were built, and stone man, stone, and horse stone arches were erected.