Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Tourist attractions - Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty sent Zhao Chongguo to defeat the Western Qiang
Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty sent Zhao Chongguo to defeat the Western Qiang
Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty sent Zhao Chongguo to defeat the Western Qiang
The Qiang in the Western Frontier were entrenched in Qing and Long. Emperor Xuan sent Zhao Chongguo to attack, and it was completely pacified in two years. He established the vassal state of Jincheng and resettled the Qiang, which was the year when the Protectorate of the Western Regions was established.
In the later period of Emperor Wu, the Qiang people who lived in what is now Qinghai Province often invaded the interior and attacked cities and territories. The Xiongnu also wanted to unite with the Qiang people to invade the Han Dynasty. Faced with this situation, Emperor Wu once proposed to cut off the right arm of the Xiongnu, referring to this alliance, but the soldiers sent were also defeated by the Qiang people.
At this time, the Qiang gradually moved north of the Huangshui River, looking for places where farmers had abandoned farming to graze their animals. At the same time, the Qiang tribes also tended to unite, and county officials could not stop it. At this time, the Xiongnu wanted to collude with the Qiang people to expand their intrusion into the western Han Dynasty. The army sent by the Han Dynasty to Haojiao (today's east bank of Datong River in Qinghai Province) was defeated by the Qiang people and suffered heavy losses.
During the reign of Emperor Xuan, Yiqu Anguo, the official of Guanglu, was on an envoy to the Qiang people. The chief of the Qiang Xianling tribe expressed to him that he wanted to cross the Huangshui River north to raise livestock in places where Han people did not farm. Yiqu Anguo reported this situation to the court, and Zhao Chongguo impeached Yiqu Anguo for dereliction of duty. From then on, the Qiang people followed the previous instructions and crossed the Huangshui River without authorization, and the local prefects of the Han Dynasty could not stop them.
In the third year of Yuankang (63 BC), the Xianling tribe and more than 200 chiefs of various Qiang tribes "resolved their feuds and negotiated terms" and entered into an alliance with the intention of jointly invading the Han Dynasty area.
Emperor Xuan knew about this and asked Zhao Chongguo how to deal with it. Zhao Chongguo pointed out that the Qiang people were in danger. First, the Qiang tribes used to attack each other and were easy to control. However, in recent years, they have made a "contract to resolve their hatred", ** * Same as anti-Han; secondly, the Qiang people and the Xiongnu have long planned to unite; thirdly, the Qiang people may also "join other races", that is, unite with other races, so he put forward the suggestion of "preparing for it before it happens".
More than a month later, Lang Heguo, the Qiang lord of the Xiaoyue clan, sent people to borrow troops from the Xiongnu, intending to attack Shanshan and Dunhuang in order to cut off the passage between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Zhao Chongguo estimated that the matter was not that simple and required forethought. He made suggestions to the court: first, to strengthen military border defense; second, to alienate the Qiang tribes and detect their premeditated plans.
In the spring of the first year of Shenjue (61 BC), the two central government offices (prime minister and censor) of the Han Dynasty recommended Yiqu Anguo to send envoys to the Qiang to understand their movements. Yiqu Anguo didn't understand strategy. As soon as he arrived at the Qiang tribe, he summoned more than thirty leaders of the Xianling tribe and beheaded them all for being rebellious.
Mounted troops to suppress the people of Xianling, killing more than a thousand people. So all the Qiang tribes and Guiyi Qiang Marquis Yang Yu and others were frightened. They left their land, plundered other small tribes, invaded Han border fortresses, attacked cities, and killed the chief official Yiqu Anguo. He led three thousand cavalry as a cavalry captain. The Qiang defenders were attacked by the Qiang people and suffered heavy losses. He led his troops to retreat to Lingju and reported to the emperor.
So, although Zhao Chongguo was over seventy years old, he still supervised the troops in the western border and thwarted the Qiang invasion. After returning, he wrote to the imperial court in detail, analyzed the situation in detail, suggested preventing the incident from happening before it happened, and put forward the idea of ??"garrisoning the fields with troops", which was praised by Emperor Xuan.
Because of his old age, Emperor Xuan asked him: "Who is the most suitable person to send to lead the army?" He answered cheerfully: "There is no more suitable candidate than Lao Chen." Then he asked: "How many people and horses are needed?" He replied: "Seeing is better than hearing a hundred times. I would like to go to Jincheng (near today's Lanzhou) immediately to survey the terrain and draw up a plan. Your Majesty will leave this matter to me." He led less than 10,000 cavalrymen, quickly set out, crossed the Yellow River skillfully, established his position and prepared for battle.
When he arrived at the shore of Huangshui River, the Qiang people challenged him many times, but he could not hold on. He only used his prestige to surrender and dissolved the plan of the Qiang tribes to unite.
At this time, he suggested to the imperial court to establish farming in Huangzhong (on both sides of the Huangshui River in today's Qinghai Province) as a long-term solution. He proposed a method of using both soldiers and farmers to raise grain on the spot, which could "produce grain from the fields" and " "The residents can combine their fields without losing agriculture", "the soldiers can win by sitting still", "he saves a lot of money and the corvee service can be stopped" and other "twelve conveniences". This played a great role in supporting the frequent wars at that time and reducing the burden on the people, and has continued to affect later generations.
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