Handwritten newspaper for Mathematics Culture Festival

Mathematics Cultural Festival Handwritten Report

Mathematics is a kind of wisdom, which contains the beauty of numbers and shapes, the spirit of concrete and abstract speculation, inheritance and transcendence. Mathematics is a culture. Mathematical knowledge and skills, mathematical ideas and methods, mathematical concepts and consciousness, mathematical quality and spirit are all important components of modern civilization. Mathematics learning pursues a kind of wisdom, and mathematics education embodies a kind of culture. Do you know that you really understand mathematics? So have you looked for extracurricular mathematics knowledge? Is it different from the classroom? Below I share the content of the mathematics handwritten newspaper and related pictures for everyone to think and learn. I hope it can There is something gained in it:

Handwritten newspaper of Mathematics Culture Festival: Egyptian mathematics achievements recorded in papyrus

Current understanding of ancient Egyptian mathematics , based primarily on two papyri written in monastic script; one hidden in London, called the Rhind Papyrus, and one in Moscow. The oldest writing in Egypt was hieroglyphics, which later evolved into a simpler writing style, usually called hieratic. The two volumes of papyrus date from 1850 BC to 1650 BC, which is equivalent to China's Xia Dynasty. In addition to these two volumes of papyrus, there are also historical materials written on sheepskin or engraved with hieroglyphics on stone tablets and wood, which are hidden around the world.

It turns out that the Nile Delta is rich in an aquatic plant that is very similar to reeds - papyrus. The ancient Egyptians cut the grass into small strips lengthwise, connected them into pieces and then pressed them. Sieve it dry and you can write on it. Because these texts of the ancient Egyptians were written on papyrus, we call it "papyrus". At that time, the Egyptians used ink to write on pieces of grass, which could easily dry into powder. Therefore, apart from hieroglyphs engraved on stones, few ancient Egyptian documents have been preserved. We now don’t know much about the ancient Egyptians’ work in mathematical sciences, and this has a lot to do with the fact that cursive writing is not durable for preservation.

Pictures of handwritten newspapers about mathematics

Later, a Frenchman figured out the meaning of the words on the papyrus, letting people know that the ancient Egyptians had learned to use mathematics to manage National and religious matters, determine the payment to laborers, find the volume of barns and fields, calculate the number of bricks needed to build a house, etc., and also calculate the amount of grain required to brew a certain amount of wine! Use In terms of mathematical language, the ancient Egyptians had mastered the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and fractions. They also solved linear equations of one variable and a type of special problems equivalent to systems of quadratic equations of two variables. The papyrus also contains questions about arithmetic and geometric sequences. In addition, the results of the ancient Egyptians' calculations of the areas of rectangles, triangles, and trapezoids are very similar to modern calculations. For example, they mastered the formula for calculating the area of ??a circle, using π=3.1605, which is very remarkable. Because of such sufficient mathematical knowledge, it is not surprising that the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.

The development of ancient Egyptian civilization was carried out independently without the influence of external forces. The Egyptians relied on the fertile soil brought by the Nile River to create their own ever-lasting civilization and science. The ancient Egyptians created several sets of their own characters, one of which was hieroglyphics. Each character mark was a picture of something. Until around the Christian era, Egyptian hieroglyphics were still used on monuments and utensils.

Pictures of handwritten newspapers about mathematics

Egypt has used decimal notation for a long time, but they did not know the place value system. Each higher unit uses a special represented by symbols. For example 111, the hieroglyph is written as three different characters instead of repeating 1 three times. Egyptian arithmetic was primarily addition, and multiplication was the repetition of addition. They can solve some linear equation problems and have preliminary knowledge of arithmetic and geometric sequences. What occupies a particularly important position is the fraction algorithm, which converts all fractions into the sum of unit fractions (that is, fractions whose numerator is 1).

The papyrus also gives a method for calculating the area of ??a circle: subtract 1/9 of the diameter and then square it. The calculated result is equivalent to using 3.1605 as pi, but they do not have the concept of pi. According to the Moscow Papyrus, it is speculated that they may know the calculation method of the volume of a regular square prism. In short, the ancient Egyptians accumulated a certain amount of practical experience, but it had not yet evolved into a systematic theory.

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