A native of Qingdao, Shandong Province, went to Lijiang, Yunnan, Dali and Kunming during the 11th holiday. Will there be altitude sickness? How about Yulong Snow Mountain?

Altitude sickness, that is, altitude sickness, refers to people who have not adapted to training and quickly enter the plateau area above 3000 meters. Due to the reduction of oxygen partial pressure at atmospheric pressure, the body's tolerance to hypoxia environment is reduced, and it is difficult to adapt to hypoxia, thus causing a series of altitude disorders. Of course, in addition to the factors of plateau hypoxia, there are also bad weather such as wind, rain, snow, cold and strong ultraviolet radiation. It will aggravate altitude sickness and altitude sickness.

It should cause discomfort at different altitudes. After a period of adaptation, the body can undergo a series of adaptive changes, such as increasing ventilation, so that the oxygen utilization rate of tissues reaches or approaches the normal level; Accelerate the heart rate and increase the pumping capacity of the heart, thereby increasing the amount of bleeding per minute and improving the hypoxia; Increase the amount of red blood cells and hemoglobin to increase the oxygen carrying capacity, so as to ensure the body's oxygen supply. However, some people are sensitive to the partial pressure of hypoxia in the air and have poor adaptability, and a series of symptoms and changes in functional metabolism will occur, which is also called acute altitude sickness. It is divided into acute altitude sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema, high altitude cerebral edema, high altitude retinal hemorrhage and chronic altitude sickness abroad, and it is divided into acute altitude sickness and chronic altitude sickness at home. For individuals, the onset is often mixed and difficult to distinguish, and it is more prominent at a certain stage in the whole onset process.

Edit this paragraph symptom judgment

Some people who enter the plateau for the first time will have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, dizziness, tinnitus, general fatigue, difficulty walking and difficulty falling asleep within 24 hours at an altitude of 3000 meters. In severe cases, symptoms such as abdominal distension, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness, purple complexion, swelling of lips or face appear. When these symptoms appear, you should stay at the original height and rest for 3~5 days, or immediately lower the height by hundreds of meters, which can generally return to normal. It is reported that the incidence below 3500m accounts for 37% ~ 5 1%, and the incidence between 3600m and 5000m reaches 50%. This shows that the higher the altitude, the higher the incidence of altitude sickness. Severe altitude sickness is very harmful to human body. So after entering the plateau, if the following symptoms appear, altitude sickness should be considered: 1. Severe headache, palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, cyanosis of lips and nails. 2. Consciousness trance, cognitive ability plummeted. Mainly in the calculation difficulty. Do a simple addition problem before entering the platform period and record the time spent. When symptoms appear, repeat the same calculation problem. If it takes longer than before, it means that altitude sickness has occurred. 3. hallucinating, feeling warm, and often walking behind others aimlessly.

Edit this paragraph of symptom analysis

Altitude sickness includes acute altitude sickness and chronic altitude sickness. After entering the plateau from the plain or entering the higher altitude area from the plateau, a series of hypoxia manifestations appear in a short time, which is called acute altitude sickness. Chronic altitude sickness is a phenomenon that some people can't adapt through long-term continuous adjustment, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms. Chronic altitude sickness is also called "body dysfunction". It is generally believed that after entering the plateau for three months, there are still some or all symptoms of altitude sickness, which can be regarded as chronic altitude sickness. The symptoms of altitude sickness are generally pain, palpitation, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, burnout, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea, chest tightness, insomnia, dizziness, lethargy, dizziness, numbness of hands and feet, convulsions and so on. Signs include increased heart rate, deepening breathing, mild abnormal blood pressure, edema of face or limbs, cyanosis of lips, etc. The clinical manifestations of chronic altitude sickness are varied, and the symptoms can be part of the above manifestations, or most or all of them. Symptoms sometimes appear, sometimes disappear, and generally disappear after returning to flat low altitude areas, which has many similarities with the clinical manifestations of acute altitude sickness. [ 1]

Edit the main pathology of this paragraph.

The problem of mountain adaptation is mainly due to altitude sickness caused by the decrease of air pressure and oxygen partial pressure at high altitude, which leads to the decrease of alveolar oxygen partial pressure.

Hypoxemia, hypoxemia, the decrease of oxygen partial pressure leads to the decrease of alveolar oxygen partial pressure, and the amount of oxygen delivered to the blood decreases. So it immediately caused several reactions in the body. With the increase of breathing frequency, more air is inhaled into the lungs; Heart rate and cardiac output increase to increase arterial blood flow through the lungs and body; The body gradually increases the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin, and improves the ability of blood to transport oxygen. Even with these adjustments, people who have recently reached the platform period can't play their normal physiological functions. It is determined that at an altitude of 5500 meters, a person's ability to complete sports is only 53% of that at sea level.

Edit this first aid treatment

Altitude sickness seriously threatens people's lives and health. How can we find out in time and help each other on the spot?

high altitude pulmonary edema

High altitude pulmonary edema is a common severe altitude sickness with an incidence of about 3%. It usually occurs above 4000 meters, and it often happens quickly 3-48 hours after climbing, and then in 3- 10 days. The important inducement is respiratory infection caused by cold, fatigue and decreased resistance. When you have a headache, chest tightness, varying degrees of cough (dry cough at first, then phlegm), and difficulty breathing, you can't lie on your back. In severe cases, it will cough up pink, and finally it will bubble out phlegm, which will rob altitude sickness.

When the rescuer puts his ear close to the chest wall of the patient, he can hear the gurgling breathing sound of the lungs (medically called wet rales). At this time, the patient is frightened, flustered, cyanosis in mouth, lips and face, and in severe cases, hematuria or gradual unconsciousness. Severe pulmonary edema will worsen rapidly, and the patient will be in a coma and die within a few hours. The first-aid measures for on-site pulmonary edema are to rest in an absolute semi-recumbent position, with legs drooping, and immediately take oxygen, preferably oxygen containing 50%~70% alcohol at a flow rate of 6 ~ 8 liters/minute; Take furosemide (furosemide) 40mg/day immediately. The use of furosemide may cause slight nausea, diarrhea, drug eruption, blurred vision, upright vertigo, muscle spasm, thirst and so on. Be careful not to use too much at first, and you can increase it to 80 mg twice a day according to the situation. Nifedipine reduces pulmonary edema. Antibiotics and dexamethasone 4 mg can be used to prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infection (only once orally). You can use a small amount of sedatives when you are upset. Keep warm and don't drink a lot of water. After initial first aid, the condition was stable and quickly moved to a lower altitude. In case of respiratory or cardiac arrest, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.

Avoid catching a cold

It should be noted that colds should be avoided as much as possible in plateau areas. When you catch a cold at high altitude, you will have the illusion of fever temperature. The temperature of body temperature is often lower than the actual temperature 1 degree, which is easily overlooked. Even a slight respiratory infection can increase the risk of high altitude pulmonary edema. So keep warm. After entering the plateau, reduce the number of baths or not take a bath. When you find the first symptoms of a cold, take anti-cold medicine immediately. If you take anti-cold medicine after two days, it is generally ineffective. Patients with recurrent high altitude pulmonary edema are susceptible, and the incidence rate of men is five times that of women. If pulmonary edema has occurred before, we recommend not to climb mountains above 3000 meters.

High altitude brain edema

It is another kind of severe altitude sickness, which has an acute onset and often occurs at night. The incidence rate is low, but the mortality rate is high. Its symptoms: in addition to early altitude sickness, there are severe headaches, vomiting and even jet vomiting; Gradually trance, poor sense of orientation, personal convulsions, incontinence, and finally lethargy to coma. A few people may have retinal hemorrhage. In the past, mountain friends always judged whether there was brain edema by experience. The usual method is to let people suspected of brain edema walk in a straight line to judge whether their directional ability is poor. From a scientific point of view, this method is not desirable! The brain tissue of patients with cerebral edema has been seriously deprived of oxygen. At this point, people in a trance state are likely to fall to the ground immediately and fall into a coma. This inspection method that aggravates the damage is risky. The correct judgment method is to let the patient lie in a semi-supine position and guide him to point to the nose, ears, eyes and so on. According to the instructions, see if his movements can be accurate. Once there is no, it means that brain edema may have occurred. If brain edema and coma are found, oxygen containing 5% carbon dioxide should be given quickly and continuously until waking up, and oxygen should be given intermittently after waking up. Conditional use of hypertonic glucose, mannitol, adrenocortical hormone, cytochrome C and other treatments can reduce brain edema and promote recovery. Central nervous system stimulants such as lobeline hydrochloride and nikethamide can be used as appropriate. Pay attention to the balance of water, salt and electrolyte and the necessary anti-infection measures. After the condition is stable, immediately go down the mountain and rush to the hospital.

respiratory alkalosis

In the anoxic environment, people will improve the anoxic state by accelerating and deepening breathing, which will increase the exhaled carbon dioxide and lead to respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis not only constricts cerebral vessels, but also leads to loss of consciousness and brain edema at high altitude. The most effective way to prevent respiratory alkalosis is to roll the newspaper into a cone, tear a small hole with a diameter of 1-2 cm at the tip of the cone, and stick the cone-shaped newspaper close to the face, so that the exhaled gas can be sucked back, that is, the exhaled carbon dioxide can be sucked back again, thus improving the pH in the body and correcting respiratory alkalosis. There is no need to be reluctant to face the plateau. Not everyone who climbs the plateau will have altitude sickness. The incidence and recovery speed of altitude sickness are related to the compensatory adaptability of individuals, and there are great differences among individuals. People who don't have altitude sickness this time may not be slow when climbing the plateau next time. Some people have altitude sickness every time. These people are sensitive or highly prone to altitude sickness. What needs to be reminded here is that altitude sickness cannot be overcome by repeated exercise. Therefore, in order to ensure good health, it is suggested that people who are prone to altitude sickness should not continue to climb such high-altitude areas. Fitness mountaineering in low-altitude areas can also cultivate sentiment and exercise.

First, people with the following diseases should not enter the plateau for the first time. Before entering the plateau, they must undergo a strict physical examination. If you find patients with heart, lung, brain, liver and kidney diseases, severe anemia or hypertension, please don't blindly enter the plateau. If it is just a general disease, you must take necessary preventive measures in advance, such as carrying oxygen with you. Second, the precautions for reaching the plateau 1 When you first arrive at the plateau, everyone will feel different degrees of chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing and other symptoms of hypoxia, severe headache, muscle aches, insomnia and so on. But this reaction is normal. If you can protect yourself correctly, the above symptoms will get better or disappear after 1-3 days. After the reaction is relieved, you should control your behavior to ensure safety. People often use oxygen to relieve discomfort. Of course, oxygen inhalation can temporarily relieve chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms, but after stopping oxygen inhalation, the symptoms will reappear. This has delayed the time to adapt to the plateau. So if the above symptoms are not very serious, especially in quiet places, it is best not to take oxygen, which will adapt to the plateau environment faster. 3, just entering the plateau, don't overeat, so as not to increase the burden that the digestive organs can't adapt well to this environment. It's best not to drink or smoke. 4, to eat more vegetables, fruits and other substances rich in vitamins, to drink more water, the more the better, as long as you can bear. 5. When you first arrive at the plateau, you should not walk, run or do manual labor. It is best to have a thorough rest for half a day, rest early on the first night and sleep more. This should be done as soon as we enter the plateau. Many people have just arrived at the plateau and have no reaction, so they are self-righteous. As a result, they had symptoms at night, and it was too late to regret it. 6, to prevent colds caused by catching cold, colds are one of the main causes of acute high altitude pulmonary edema. The temperature difference in the plateau is particularly large, and it is easy to catch a cold. Remember that it is better to be hot than cold at this time, and put on more clothes. 7. After entering the plateau, it is best to go to a place with low altitude first, and then to a place with high altitude, which is more conducive to adapting to the plateau climate. Try to make the itinerary easier and relax it appropriately. 8. When altitude sickness occurs, there is no need to panic, and targeted treatment should be given according to the degree of reaction. If the reaction is mild, you can take rest, drink more water and exercise less, which will generally improve or disappear after a period of time; If the reaction is serious and affects sleep, you can take some drugs for adjuvant treatment; If the reaction is too heavy, you should go to the hospital for treatment, infusion, medicine and oxygen inhalation. If you really can't stand the torture of altitude sickness, you have to take the earliest flight back to the mainland, and the general situation will be alleviated immediately. 9. It is often heard that someone died of altitude sickness in Tibet. In fact, the real cause of death is generally generate's disease caused by altitude sickness. Therefore, it is generally recommended that patients with colds, heart, lung, brain, liver and kidney diseases, severe anemia or hypertension should not enter Tibet for fear of altitude sickness causing these diseases. 10, try to choose a better hotel to stay in, so that you can have a good living environment, get a comfortable rest, relax yourself psychologically and physically, and help overcome altitude sickness. In addition, try to open the window when sleeping, let the air circulate, and sleep as close to the window as possible. 1 1. Choose better tourist vehicles, such as high-grade off-road vehicles (currently the best in Tibet is the Japanese Toyota desert prince off-road vehicle) or loose imported vans to make the journey more comfortable. 12, commonly used drugs to prevent altitude sickness: Rhodiola, Jigan tablets, glucose, etc. Taking it two days before entering the mountain and sticking to it on the way can effectively prevent altitude sickness. 13, sun protection measures can reduce the evaporation of water in the body and also have an indirect effect on relieving altitude sickness.