Brief introduction and detailed information of Gui Jiang

Gui Jiang, one of the first-class tributaries of Xijiang River system, the main stream of the Pearl River Basin, whose upstream Great Rongjiang River originates from the southern foot of Laoshan Mountain in the northeast of Maoershan (Huajiang Township, Xing 'an) and flows south to Rongjiang Town to join the Lingqu, which is called Lijiang River. Then it flows through lingchuan county, Guilin and Yangshuo County, and joins Gongcheng River in Pingle County to be called Gui Jiang. Then it flows through Zhaoping County, Cangwu County to Wuzhou City, and flows into Jiangxun River, the main stream of Xijiang River. The total length is 426 kilometers, and the drainage area is 19288 square kilometers.

Guijiangyuan, at the confluence of Xijiang River in Gui Jiang, Wuzhou, Guangxi, flows out of the southern foot of Laoshan Mountain, the main peak of Yuechengling. The upstream section is called Guibei River, from north to south, to Nanwan River in Dongling, to Tang Fang, and to the back of Sham River on the right, which is called Jiyi River. South to Qiaotou Village, Heikong River, Zuo Na. South to Qianxiang (Qianjiamiao), facing the Longtang River, named Liu Donghe. It also flows south to Lepizhou and right to Baiyan River. It flows south to Shengping, and Huajiang flows in from the east. Continue south to Ximen South 1 km. About, Huangbai River and Chuanjiang River meet, and the following reach is called Darong River.

The Darongjiang section is called Darongjiang, which runs from the section below Simen Village in Rongjiang Town, Xing 'an to the mouth of Guling Canal in Rongjiang Town, Xing 'an. Xing 'an Chang 12.7 km.

The main tributary, the Huangbai River, originates from the Bird Hunting Farm in Ziyuan County east of Yuechengling. From north to south, through Buri and the Middle East, it enters Xing 'an in Paishan. Jingwenjiawan, Jingtang Bianhe and Mianjiang successively flow from west to east. From Sujiawan to Langjiang in the south, there is a vanilla river in the west and a small river in the east. Turning to the southwest, Rongjiang flows from north to south and then to the southwest. After leaving the white peach, it enters the open area, flows to the south of Simen 1 through the tea source and flows into Darong River. The river in Xing 'an is 35.4 kilometers long and 18.88 square kilometers outside the county.

Lijiang River flows from the south of Darongjiang River to Laoshui Street, and joins the Guling Canal. The following section is called Lijiang River. Continue to flow southwest to Dabutou, and Yueguang Cave River and Xiaorongjiang River meet from the left and right sides respectively. Then it flows to the southwest for 800 meters, and the Rongjiang Railway Bridge crosses, turns west and flows out of Xing 'an County 1.6 kilometers. Lingqu and Xiaorongjiang are the main tributaries of this section.

Xiaorongjiang River is a first-class tributary on the right bank of Lijiang River in Gui Jiang, which originates from the south of Dongtang Village in Liangshui Town, Ziyuan County, the southwest of Yuechengling and the southeast of Daiyun Mountain. It flows through Xing 'an and lingchuan county from north to south, and flows into Lijiang River from Tiandong to Da 'an Pier in Xing 'an.

Lingqu, a tributary of the left bank of Gui Jiang, starts at Nandoukou, passes through a strict pass, flows to Linghekou, Laojie, Rongjiang Town, and enters the Lijiang River in Gui Jiang, with a total length of about 33. 15km. The South Canal draws water from Xiangjiang River for about 3 minutes, with a maximum displacement of 6 cubic meters per second.

The tributaries flowing into Lingchuan County are:

Baiyun River, formerly known as Baiyin River or Beirongjiang River, originated in the south of Beizhangshan and Kambayashiyama, and its source is 853.9 meters above sea level, and flows southward into Baiyun River Reservoir. A stream was received downstream, which crossed the Gui Xiang Railway and flowed into the Lijiang River from Liutian to Sanjie. The river is 9.2 kilometers long and the basin area is 20.9 square kilometers. In the lower reaches of Baiyun River, soil erosion is serious.

Lujiang River originates from Danjiangping in the south of Wangde Mountain, with an altitude of 87 1.3 meters. It flows into a river from Huangzhou, meanders to the southeast, passes through Zilingmen, Xin 'an Village, Zhaojiatian, Tuna Cao Mo Boundary, Jingyantang, Tongcenmen, Lao 'an and Lingchong, crosses the railway to the end of Sanjie, and flows into Lijiang River, with a total length of 20.650 meters.

Gan Tang River, called Longyan River or Lingyan River in ancient times, is the largest tributary of Lijiang River in China. This river is 60 kilometers long with a total drainage area of 767.22 square kilometers.

Taohuajiang was called Jiang or Liaotang River in ancient times. Originating in the north of Yankou Village (formerly known as Kong Li Village) in Gongping Township, it is 756 meters above sea level, crossing the border to Zhongjiang in the south, connecting with water from Dali, turning to the west to connect with mountains and rivers, turning south and flowing through Tiandong to Zhaidi Village to leave the board house in Lingui County. Continue to flow south, cross the back of the river, go down to Xishan Mountain, pass through Zhaidi, Yanshan, Tangjia, Xiazhai, Xinzhai and Ma 'an, pass through the newly-built tidal field, leave the village water, turn east and flow through Baitian, Mobian and Muye Village water, continue to flow east through Liaotang and Longtou Najinling water, and re-enter Lingchuan territory in Qiaotou Village. The water from Nan 'an Village flows out of downtown Guilin along Dong Tang, Jutian and Lantou, flows northward to Tingjiang Cave through the Finance and Trade Cadre School, enters Jingxiang Village in Lingchuan, reaches Nafayuan River at the bow, flows into Shuinan Village in Guilin, receives pond water from the community, flows eastward to Yanshuiyan, receives light water, flows southward through Baitang, crosses the Workers and Peasants Bridge, flows eastward to Dunmu Village, and passes through Gui Xiang. Another tributary flows south to the foothills of Luojiang River.

Ganjiang River, which originates in the south of Xing 'an Dongshan (also known as Yinkuangshan), flows southward for 5. 1 km, passes through Mojia and Doutian Village, passes through the tributaries of Diantang Temple, Diandi, Zhou Jia, Luo Xiao, Zhu Jin and Fujiang, and then leaves Yingjun Village to the north to join the Lijiang River. The total length is 2 1.4km, of which the domestic length is 16.3km, and the total drainage area is 89.08 square kilometers, including 80.78 square kilometers.

Waterfall water, also known as Lingling water, originated in Dalingtou, north of Tangyuan Village, with an altitude of 730.7 meters. It flows south through Qiaoting to Boling, falls into the Canyon Waterfall, and flows south to Cuijiawei into the Lijiang River. The river is 5.8km long with a drainage area of12.28km2..

The 300 source water originates from the southern slope of Wujiang River, with an altitude of 647.3 meters, flows northwest, flows into the Lijiang River through the 300 source water to Cuijiawei, with a total length of 4.9 kilometers, a drainage area of 13.28 square kilometers, and an average width of 9 meters. The riverbed is muddy.

The Yellow River is called Qiupi River, Huajiang River, Xijiang River or Niuhe River in ancient times. Originated in the southwest of the Old Leigong Hall, with an altitude of1016m. From west to south to east in Yanshaping, two streams meet to form a river. Continue to flow southward to Sancha River, where it joins Zhu Jin, Crossbow Pond and Xianglutian Sanshui; South to Dongshang and Mojia, turn north, pass through Jiangzhou to Yangweitou, accept Daling Jiaoshui, turn southwest, pass through Liao Jia and Jiangnan to Dating, accept Silian Water, turn south and flow through Huajiang, Yangjia, Sujia, Taopizhou, Majia and Qincun to Shijiadu, and then merge into Lijiang River. The length of the river is 48.7 1 km, and the drainage area is 207.45 square kilometers.

Jianshe River, which originates from the northwest hillside of Xiling North Village in Xing 'an, is 986 meters above sea level, flows eastward to Xiling North and flows into Lingchuan 2.2 kilometers south. Continue to enter the Luogushan Reservoir southward; After leaving the warehouse, it winds to the southwest, goes down to Jinshang (Jiansha) village, passes through Xiaojialing, Shatian, Dajiangbei and Mei Qing No.4 water, turns south and flows through Zhoujia to Daqian River, turns east to Houshanbei No.2 water after east longitude, then flows southwest to Nalutian water in Tongshan Ling Gang, turns west and flows through Xiazhang, Xiongcun tail to Shangqiao village, then turns south to accumulate water (Horse and Horse). The water from the mud snake is injected into Lijiang River along the lower west bank to Siyingzhou in Dawei. This river is 35.86 kilometers long.

Chaotian River, the second largest tributary of Lijiang River, originates from the eastern slope of Taocen, with an altitude of1137m. It flows west to Gaotang to receive the left branch of Gaotang, then flows west through Caijue to Shenjiang Bridge, where it receives Xiaopingle water, and then falls into a deep valley to form a waterfall. Every time a flash flood erupts, it can be heard for miles. There are conditions for building hydropower stations here. Below the waterfall, the river turns southwest, flows through the river surface to Limugen, Tunasi River, Cai Shang, Xiantou and Songjiang, and then winds west to Dajianping, where it is submerged by Xiangling, Majia and the bottom of the dark mountain. Flowing westward through Shijing, Yang 'an and Zhaidi, it is submerged by Guoqing River and then flows into Dajiangyuan. Then it flows westward, bypassing Daya, Maocun and Fufu 3 waters, then flows westward through Chaotian, Yuanjia to Qin 'an, Fengpizhou, Baijia, Yuanjia, Yanglongshan and Dabu 5 waters, and then flows through Lu 'alon 'an to Nancun, and then flows into Lijiang River. The river is 44.2 kilometers long, with a total drainage area of 450. 14 square kilometers.

The ancient cave water originated in the northern part of Lingtou Village, Wangtang, with an altitude of 548 meters. The total length is 8. 1km, the drainage area is 1 1.04km2, and the river width is 6m. Small waterfalls cascade down, named "Gudong Waterfall Group", which is a tourist attraction.

Siyuan River, also known as Nanxu River, originates from the west side of the northern foot of Ping Long, with an altitude of 170 1 m. The four streams meet and pour into the empty rock, which is an underground river and reaches Xitang Village in Yangshuo County in the west, exposing a section of the surface. Dive northward to the source of Hebo, exposing a section of water, then dive out of Yan Guan and pour into Lijiang River.

The section from Pingle County, Gongcheng River Mouth to Wuzhou River Mouth in Gui Jiang is called Gui Jiang. In the Ming Dynasty, the middle and lower reaches of Gui Jiang flowed through Pingle and Wuzhou, which was called Fujiang. During Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, in order to appease the Zhuang, Yao, Miao and other ethnic minorities along the coast of Gui Jiang at that time, the Fujiang River was changed to Fuhe River, and modern Wuzhou people still call the downstream Fuhe River. This section flows through Pingle County, Zhaoping County, Cangwu County and Wuzhou City.

In Zhaoping County, Daguang Village in Zhuxiang flows through 7 townships (towns), 27 villages and streets of Zhu Wen, Zhaoping, Fuyu, Wujiang, Gupao, Majiang and Muge, and receives tributaries such as Guihua River, Qinsi River and Fu Qun River, and flows into Cangwu County in Zhong Ping Village of Muge Township. It is 100 km long in Zhaoping County, and it is the largest river in Zhaoping County, running through the whole territory from north to south. China's watershed area is 32 15 square kilometers, accounting for 98% of the county area. The county's runoff is 3 1. 1 1 100 million cubic meters, and there are 203 rivers with a basin area of more than 5 square kilometers.

The main tributaries of this section are Gongcheng River, Lipu River, Qinsi River and Fu Qun River.

The main rivers flowing into Gui Jiang from Pingle County are:

Gongcheng River (Tea River) originates from Dalongyuan in the northeast of Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, runs through Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County from north to south, and flows into Gui Jiang in Pingle County. Total length 170km, drainage area of 4323km2, annual runoff of 2.72 billion cubic meters. Among them, Gongcheng River Plain has fertile land and developed agriculture.

Lipu River, which originates from the east side of Laoshan Mountain in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, flows through Lipu County from southwest to northeast and joins the Lijiang River in Pingle. The river length is 1 18km, the drainage area is 2048km2, and the average annual runoff is 885m. Among them, there is the famous Lipu River Plain downstream, which is rich in rice, Lipu taro, ramie, Shatian pomelo and summer orange.

Buquan River, originating from the northeast slope of Jinxiu Laoshan Mountain, flows through Yonghe Village of Zhongliang Township, leaves Lipu County and joins Gui Jiang in Pingle County, with a total length of 40 kilometers.

The tributaries of Zhaoping County are:

Qin silk originated in the east of Huashan Mountain at the junction of Gongcheng, Fuchuan and Zhongshan counties (autonomous counties), passed through Zhongshan County to Zhaoping County, and flowed into Gui Jiang. Total length 108km, drainage area 1778km2, average annual runoff13 billion cubic meters. The sediment concentration is 0.30 kg/m3 and the erosion modulus is 26 1 ton /km2, which is a small area with serious soil erosion in northeast Guangxi.

Fu Qun River originates in Tang Jie, Huangyao Town, Zhaoping County, and flows into Gui Jiang in Majiang River. The total length of the river is 89.6 kilometers, the basin area is 1.222 square kilometers, and the annual runoff is 659 million cubic meters.

Osmanthus River originates from Xiaoliangnao, Mao Ping Village, Xianhui in the northwest, and reaches the east of Sanmei, mengshan county in the north. Meet at the ancient cave in the east of Luming Literature. Flowing through asparagus and osmanthus, it flows into Gui Jiang.

The main tributaries of Cangwu County are:

Siliangjiang, also known as Duoxianshui. In the middle of the county. Originated in the watershed of Beisheng Village, Xia Ying Township, it flows through Wang Fu and Xia Ying towns from north to south and flows into Gui Jiang in Hekou Village, a suburb of Wuzhou City. This river is 55.2 kilometers long.

Longjiang River is located in the northwest of the county seat. It originates from Jipo Mountain and the southern foot of Cliff Top in Island Village of Shizhai Township, flows through Shizhai and Changfa Township from north to south, reaches the natural village on the shore of Changfa Township, and flows into Gui Jiang. The natural drop is 700 meters, and the available drop is 1 16 meters. This river is 50.7 kilometers long.

General situation of river basin: The upper reaches of Gui Jiang River flow through granite and sand shale mountains, with high mountains and narrow valleys, which are suitable for building medium-high dams. The Lijiang River in the middle reaches flows through Lingchuan and Canfeng Plain in Guilin, with gentle water flow, obvious river bifurcation and developed sandbars. From Dawei to Yangshuo, the river winds through karst peaks and valleys, with strange caves and beautiful mountains and rivers. It is a typical representative of Guilin's landscape and a golden waterway for tourism. Below Pingle, rivers flow through sandy shale mountains and hills, with narrow valleys, undeveloped riparian plains, many rapids and abundant hydraulic resources.

Gui Jiang flows through Cambrian, Devonian and Quaternary strata, and its riverbed is mostly purplish red fine sandstone with shale in metamorphic rocks. There are pebbles on the stony riverbed, which is a mountain stream river. Except that Songlin Gorge, which is 4.5 kilometers long, and Maxia Gorge, which is 3.5 kilometers long, are narrow sandstone canyons, most of the banks are earthen mountains. There are many beaches in Gui Jiang, and the old record said, "It's 360 beaches". The beaches are dangerous and the water is urgent, which makes people think that they are afraid of the road. In the past, there was a proverb: "If you had a hundred dollars in your pocket, you wouldn't go by boat." . The drop in the territory is 25 meters, of which Matan in the southeast of the county is 2.75 meters long 1 km, with an average flow rate of 2.5 meters per second, which is known as the "king in the beach". In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain Huang Shenzhuo led soldiers of Wuzi and Weidong to dredge the Gui Jiang Waterway, which lasted for three years. After liberation, the waterway was improved after several renovations. The normal water level can accommodate 50 tons of ships.

Hydrological characteristics Lijiang River is located in the middle and upper reaches of Gui Jiang, represented by Guilin Hydrological Station, with an average annual runoff of 4.24 billion cubic meters and a runoff depth of 148 1.8 mm. The runoff in flood season from April to July reached 2.84 billion cubic meters, accounting for 68. 1% of the annual runoff, with an average sediment concentration of 0.092 kg/cubic meter. Erosion modulus 108 in the lower reaches of Gui Jiang, represented by Majiang Hydrological Station, the annual average runoff is 65.438+075 billion cubic meters, the runoff depth is 65.438+0020.7 mm, and the runoff from March to August in flood season is 65.438+0452 billion cubic meters, accounting for 865.438+0% of the total annual runoff. The average sediment concentration is 0. 13kg/m3, and the erosion modulus is 129t/km2. The difference between upstream and downstream is that the upstream flood season lasts for 4 months and the downstream flood season lasts for 6 months.

The interannual variation of runoff in Gui Jiang in Zhaoping section of Guangxi is represented by the downstream Majiang Hydrological Station, and the average annual runoff in Gui Jiang is1956-1979175 billion cubic meters. Where 1962 is preceded by alternating high and low; 1962- 1967 is dry in the same period, with the lowest value of 1963, and the annual runoff is 8.33 billion cubic meters; 1967- 1973 alternated again, and the maximum annual runoff appeared at 1973, which was 25.4 billion cubic meters, and the difference between the maximum and the minimum was170.7 billion cubic meters. 1973- 1983 is the average water period, and the dry season occurs continuously from 1983 to 1990.

The annual variation of sediment concentration in Gui Jiang is represented by Pingle Station, with an average sediment concentration of 0.1954-1959 kg/m3. In 1960s, it was 0.09 1 kg/m3, which was 26.8% lower than that in 1950s. In 1970s, it was 0. 158kg/m3, which was 4.5% higher than that in 1950s. The interannual variation trend of sediment concentration is higher in 1970s than in 1960s and 1950s.

The Lijiang River (Guilin Railway Station) in the middle reaches of Gui Jiang has an average annual runoff of 4.24 billion cubic meters, a runoff depth of 1.4 1.8 mm, and abundant water production. However, there is a big difference between flood and low water. The annual maximum flood peak discharge is 200 to 300 times larger than the minimum discharge, and the maximum is 848.5 times. Low flow is small, and the measured maximum flow is only 3.8 cubic meters per second. The minimum requirement for tourist navigation in Lijiang River is 30 cubic meters per second. Calculated by the average value of 1 and February in dry season, during 1964- 1973, the average flow in 1 and February is 42.2 m3/s, which can meet the navigation requirements. However, after 1973, the average flow in 1 dry season and February is only 19.7 m3/s, which is far from meeting the navigation requirements.

The main problems in the development and management of Lijiang River are small flow, fast speed across the beach and difficult to guarantee the navigation depth. According to the analysis of Guilin Transportation Bureau, the navigation of Lijiang River requires that the flow of Guilin hydrological section should be greater than 30m3/s. According to this standard, the Lijiang River is generally short of water from September to March of the following year, with an average water shortage of 87 days (see Table 4-2), and the maximum year is 146 days. The average water shortage is 79.65 million cubic meters, and the maximum water shortage is1450,000 cubic meters.

In order to solve the problem of tourism navigation in the dry season of Lijiang River, the people of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region decided to use Qingshitan Reservoir as the first phase of supplementary water source, and dredge the Lijiang River channel by regulating the canal system to ensure tourism navigation in the dry season of Lijiang River. The goal of the regulation project is to transfer more than 70 million cubic meters of water from Qingshitan Reservoir to Lijiang River every winter to improve the navigation conditions of Lijiang River. The required channel width12m, channel depth of 0.75m and monthly navigation guarantee rate of 93%. The waterway regulation project of Lijiang River was completed in May 1989, and the canal system regulation of Qingshitan Reservoir was basically completed in March 1990. After the renovation of the canal system, the water utilization coefficient of the canal system is increased from 0.46 to 0.52, which can reduce the leakage of more than 70 million cubic meters of water to replenish the Lijiang River every year. After the regulation of Lijiang waterway, the water depth of the waterway in dry season has reached 0.8m, the navigation width is 12 to15m, and the turning radius is above150m. In normal years, the Lijiang River can basically achieve full navigation throughout the year.

Below Pingle, due to the confluence of Gongcheng River and Lipu River, the water volume is greatly increased, and the hydraulic resources are relatively rich, accounting for about 85% of the main stream of Gui Jiang. River development focuses on power generation and shipping, and there are other considerations. There are six steps planned for the reach below Pingle, namely, Bajiangkou (installed capacity of 90MW), Zhaoping (installed capacity of 63MW), underlying (installed capacity of 49.5MW), Jinniuping (installed capacity of 60MW), Jingnan (installed capacity of 69MW) and Wangcun (installed capacity of 54MW). The storage capacity of the above six cascades is * * * 867 million cubic meters, the installed capacity is 357,000 kilowatts, and the power generation is 65.438+07 billion kWh.

Gui Jiang is an important waterway connecting Guilin and Wuzhou. Due to years of disrepair, the transportation capacity has greatly decreased. The main stream of Gui Jiang is about 50 kilometers long from Darongjiang to Guilin. In the wet season, 3-5 tons of wooden boats can sail, while in the dry season, only bamboo rafts can be transported. From Guilin to Zhaoping, 10 to 20 tons of wooden sailboats and 60 kilowatts of small fleets can pass all year round. Below Zhaoping, the largest barge can only pass 60 tons. The total transport capacity of Guijiang River is less than 200,000 tons, which cannot meet the needs of economic and tourism development. Therefore, on the basis of the completion of Lijiang River water supply project and waterway regulation, combined with the development of hydraulic resources below Pingle, channelization of waterway can greatly improve the navigation capacity of Gui Jiang.