Jiuzhou ancient town tourist attractions

Jiuzhou, Ping Huang, a basin formed by Yanshan Movement, is surrounded by mountains, with numerous middle dams, criss-crossing buildings, pleasant climate, rich products and rich eastern Guizhou, and is famous at home and abroad. From Zhou and Qin dynasties to Ming and Qing dynasties, they were all county and state governments. Due to the convenient transportation from dancing water to Du Jing via Yuanjiang River, Yangtze River and Yunnan-Guizhou River, merchants from past dynasties gathered and the market flourished. With the frequent entry and exit of outsiders, various cultures have also poured in, interacting and colliding with local cultures, forming a multicultural melting pot with heavy civilization and unique architecture.

According to historical records, before the Song Dynasty, the old city was originally built in Tianguanzhai (now more than 800 meters north of the old city) and moved to its present site after the Song Dynasty. After more than 2000 years of vicissitudes, the original ancient city has collapsed, rotted and disappeared.

Jiuzhou Ancient City was built in Zongbaoyou for six years (1258). After the Yuan Dynasty, it was destroyed and rebuilt several times. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (about 65,438+0,576,5438+0 years ago), the governor of Guizhou, Guo Shangshu, established the state and ordered him to supervise the state again. The city wall is based on stone and brick is built for the wall. It is strong and majestic, and the project is huge. It has four doors, east, west, north and south. It was called Buchun, later changed to Long Yuan, seven stars in the south, Qingyun in the west, Qingcheng in the west, Dongping in the north, Vu Thang in the north and Qing 'an in the future. Each city gate has a tower placed on it, shaped like a resting mountain or a hanging mountain. Made of blue bricks, there are two or three floors, which are used to guard against the enemy. In addition, there are four forts and five water outlets, with a circumference of nine miles, three minutes and eighteen steps (4062 meters). After that, Li Fengchun, a state-owned animal husbandry company, added 1300 buildings in the city. In the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, that is, 1633, it was repaired again. A horse patrol road and several cities were built on the city wall, and a moat was built, which flowed from the north to the east with the dancing water. 1737, in the second year of Qing Qianlong, Governor Zhang Guangsi inscribed Zhou Zhijin's altar to repair the city wall, raised it to 4223 meters, and built a new gate in Xiaoximen. At this point, Guizhou city wall building is complete, solid and majestic, and the city is clean and tidy. Jiuzhou Old Town has a unique site selection, which is completely based on China's ancient geomantic theory and designed according to the five elements of dragon, sand, water, cave and direction. Built on the mountain, it is both reasonable and beautiful. By the end of the Qing dynasty, after several wars and fires, the majestic city was greatly reduced. During the Republic of China, water attacked the old villages in the west of the city.

Dam, the flood washed away the riverbank, and the bustling Laoliba Street became a floodplain, leaving more than 2,000 residents devastated. Shen Linshu, the county magistrate, ordered the stone of the city wall to be demolished to build a river bank, and the city wall began to be destroyed on a large scale. After liberation, due to the weak sense of cultural relics protection of local leaders, the city wall stones were randomly removed as the cornerstone of grain depots. 1958 The Liangchahe Reservoir was built in the Great Leap Forward, and all the city wall stones were removed in one fell swoop. Now the ruins are still clearly visible.

Neighborhood residence

The streets of Jiuzhou Old Town have a unique style. The street network is mainly distributed in the west and north directions near the dancing water to facilitate drainage, while the secondary roads are either east-west or north-south. The two main roads are mainly in the east and west directions, and the streets and lanes cross each other, extending in all directions in the city. Streets and alleys are paved with natural pebbles in local rivers, which are fish-backed, and the streets are not slippery in rainy and snowy days, which is different from other cities.

There are many streets in Jiuzhou Old Town. The main street section is Laoliba from west to north. After crossing Fuzhong Bridge, it is Mendongpo, Xida Street, Cangpo, Cross Street, Beimen Street and Sancha Bridge, with a total length of more than 3,000 meters. The secondary road, from west to north, is Majiaxiang, Carpenter Street, Madian Street, Guojiaxiang and Beimen Street in turn. Streets and lanes connecting primary and secondary roads and extending are Xinjie, Yu Saito Zicheng, Yuetai, Miscellaneous Grains City, Laiziwan, Liu Jiaxiang, Qijia Lane, Caishen Lane, Sunjiawan, Tea Garden, Tangchong Bay and Zhongquan Lane, forming a vertical and horizontal network system. There are culverts on both sides of the street, which converge into several large drains and flow into Wushui River. This huge and well-organized drainage system is rare in ancient urban buildings, and it still has reference significance for today's urban construction.

The houses on both sides of the street are printed buildings separated by high walls. Houses are quadrangles with brick and wood structures, with cornices and corners, like Chun Yan spreading its wings. Houses are connected in a row, separated by brick walls, exceeding the house 1-2 meters. The shape of the top of the wall is mostly double-slope and double-eaves overlapping Matou gable, and the phoenix plastic dragon is painted in a conspicuous place outside the wall, which is lifelike, not only conducive to fire prevention and theft, but also very elegant. Sun dam, hall, bedroom, granary, kitchen, well, sun building, toilet, etc. Siheyuan, with complete functions, is a typical residential building in the south of the Yangtze River. There are also two sets of pavements on both sides of the front door of the house facing the street, which are used for commercial operation of the line number and arranged in pieces to make the city look neat. The depth of the entrance to Yinzi House varies with the terrain and financial resources. Generally, it is 1-2, and many are 3-4. The yard is in the middle, paved with stones, and the hatchback is used as a room. Spacious and natural, exquisite and elegant, exquisite and simple, with sunny courtyards and deep wells, it has formed a unique courtyard scenery of the old city. Among them, most of the houses of big businessmen and tycoons are tall and magnificent, magnificent, with huge materials, exquisite craftsmanship, ingenious structure and extraordinary momentum. The bedroom is elegantly decorated, with calligraphy and painting in the hall, piano, chess and calligraphy, beautifully carved doors and windows, and unique gardens. There are more than 2,000 houses in the city, and the layout is natural and reasonable, neat and beautiful.

(1) Lushi Building

The typical residential building is Qingchuan House of Lushi, a giant businessman, which is located in the middle of West Street, facing West Street in the north and Majiaxiang in the south. The mansion has nine patios and covers an area of 1200 square meters. This is a closed building with high walls. There are five main rooms and many wing rooms in the printing house. The main rooms are arranged according to the north-south main axis, except for a street-facing building which is used for business, the rest are all in the courtyard. There is a tall and thick wall in front of the second main building in the north, which is connected by stone gates. Every two main rooms in the courtyard have a building hanging from the top of the mountain, all made of huge high-quality wood, forming a courtyard of a printing factory with a large scale and many stone gates. The door stone is engraved with "reading sage books, being honest and polite;" Doing righteousness and doing things far and wide, and so on. The doors and windows are porch, beautifully carved; Hall, calligraphy and painting, piano and chess calligraphy and painting; Dog head tile, specially made; Printing the ridge eaves of the wall, casting dragons and shaping phoenixes, lifelike; Full of strong traditional architectural atmosphere of Bashu, Hunan and Hubei.

(2) Zhu's former residence

Zhu's home (10)

(built in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty), located in the west street of the north of the city, Zhu's former residence is located opposite the Tianhou Palace in Xixia Street, covering an area of 893 square meters. It consists of street shops, rooms, buildings and mountain shadow walls on the east and west sides. Its architectural carving technique is exquisite, the shape is beautiful, the knife method is skillful, and the lines are smooth, which is an excellent work in architectural carving. Between the swallows' mouths in the main room, the riding teeth of "Shuangfeng Chaoyang" are engraved on the lintel of the gate. The windows on both sides of the room are carved with auspicious patterns, such as "fishing and studying", "five blessings", "Birthday of the Eight Immortals" and "Painting and Calligraphy with Chyi Chin". The carving technique is superb, and the flowers and birds are exquisite. On the brick wall on the west side of the courtyard, there are a bunch of embossed flowers, and the fire stone water tank below is engraved with exquisite patterns such as "Fish Leaping Longmen". Rockery is weird, vines are climbing, flowers are gorgeous, and rare trees are planted skillfully. It's a pocket wonderland. It is amazing to watch it.

(3) DaYuan Law "

Dayuanfa "(10)

Built in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, it is located on the south side of West Street Middle Street, covering an area of 1 195 square meters. The building is north-south and arranged along the longitudinal axis. The whole building complex has one floor and one bottom, six main rooms and eight wing rooms. Masonry a partition wall (leaving a gate passage) behind the third main building in the north. Divided into front and back (north and south) two printing plants. The front (north) printing plant has 3 main rooms and 4 wing rooms, and the back (south) printing plant has 3 main rooms and 4 wing rooms. The whole building is large in scale, precise in layout, ingenious in design, exquisitely carved and unique.

Gongmiao An Ge

In the old days, there were many temples, halls and halls in Kyushu Temple, which were called "Nine palaces, Eight halls, Three halls, Four pavilions and Five halls". In fact, there are nearly 50 temples, temples, halls, pavilions and temples inside and outside the city, which are the most famous in Guizhou. "Nine palaces" refer to Wanshou Palace, Wantong Palace, Tianhou Palace, Renshou Palace, Wenchang Palace, Yu Palace and Chongfu Palace. "Eight Temples" refers to Confucian Temple, City God Temple, Black Temple, Guandi Temple, Erlang Temple, Wuxian Temple and Mazu Tempel. "Three temples" refers to Putuo Temple, Guangchang Temple and Command Temple; "Four pavilions" refer to Chang Gung Pavilion, Kuixing Pavilion and Huang Yu Pavilion. "Nine Palaces" is the product of the technical integration of Huxiang architecture, Bashu architecture and local ethnic and folk architecture under specific social and historical conditions, and it is quite large and distinctive. Its architectural feature is that it is surrounded by high wind and fire walls, covering an area of 1000 square meters, including memorial archway, main entrance, front compartment, front hall, courtyard dam or stage, main hall and side hall. Most temples are mixed structures with single eaves, hard roofs, beams and buckets. The layout of the whole palace (museum) is rigorous, and the skills of arch fighting and carving are exquisite. The architecture of each palace is very different and unique. All kinds of drama clubs that came to the old state borrowed halls or temples to perform. Wanshou Palace, Renshou Palace, Sichuan Guild Hall, etc. , can accommodate 700-900 spectators, while the stage of Chenghuang Temple is an open-air theater, which can accommodate thousands of people. "Eight temples, three temples and four pavilions" is a typical building of Buddhism, Taoism and Catholicism, with exquisite modeling technology, magnificent momentum and solemnity. There are many clay sculptures of ghosts and gods in the temple, which are lifelike and lifelike.

The rise of Jiuzhou Temple can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. According to the records of Ping Huang Prefecture in Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty, Baoxiang Temple in the eastern suburb is "Li Tang Ancient Temple"; Zhu Bao Temple in Cenhua (north of the city 1 km) is a Buddhist temple in the Song Dynasty. Fukuchiin in the city is a Taoist temple in the Yuan Dynasty. Taiping Temple in Qinpo (northeast of the city 1km) was built in the early Ming Dynasty. Yu Xufu, a Taoist temple at the top of the Drum Tower, was famous during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and there were a constant stream of tourists. Later, Buddhism and Taoism merged in this mountain, and "Drum Tower Wonderland" jumped to the top of "Sixteen Scenes of Old State". In the Ming Dynasty, Jiuzhou's Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism gradually flourished and reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty. In the nearly 300 years of Qing Dynasty, Jiuzhou ancient city not only had many temples, but also with the development of commercial economy, businessmen and gentlemen from other provinces poured in in in large numbers. Correspondingly, some fellow townsmen's halls were built as places for fellow townsmen to meet. Clubs built in Jiuzhou include Fujian Guild Hall (Tianhou Palace), Jiangxi Linjiangfu Guild Hall (Renshou Palace), Sichuan Guild Hall (Wanshou Palace), Jiangxi Guild Hall (Wanshou Palace), Jiangnan Guild Hall, Lianghu Guild Hall and Yunnan Guild Hall. Among them, the large scale and exquisite carving of Jiangxi Guild Hall are rare in Guizhou. The old state experienced many wars in history, and these temples and palaces were also destroyed and revived. In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1855), the whole city was destroyed by fire. By the Guangxu generation, it was basically restored and beautifully built, which fully reflected the traditional architectural art in southern China. From time to time, a folk song says, "From a distance, it looks like a temple, but from a close look, there will never be a mark. You can't afford the whole thing, but someone wants it. " This paper selects several typical temples, pavilions and pavilions for readers.

Main ancient buildings in North Street:

Guangchang Temple, Gui Zhi Temple, City God Temple, Heaven and Earth Temple, Fire Temple, Wu Temple, Dousha, Jiangnan Guild Hall, yangsi Temple, Black Temple, Erlang Temple, Crystal Temple, etc.

Main ancient buildings in South Street:

Xuanyuan Temple, Meige Temple, Yugong Temple, Zhangye Temple, Caishen Temple, Chongsheng Temple, Luban Temple, Tuzhu Temple, Wanshou Palace, Kannonji, Wuxian Temple, Kuige Temple, Confucian Temple, Huang Yu Temple, Zushi Temple, Sun Bin Temple, laojunmiao, etc.

Main ancient buildings in suburbs:

Dongyue Temple, Nanyue Temple, Longwangge, Gutaishan Temple, Baoxiang Temple, Zhu Bao Temple, Taiping Temple Temple, Guiyuan Temple, etc.