How to take emergency measures if an accident occurs while playing outdoors?

Bumps are unavoidable when playing outdoors, and sometimes serious injuries can result. So what are some simple emergency tips?

If bitten by a venomous snake in the wild, the patient will have symptoms such as bleeding, local redness, swelling, and pain. In severe cases, the patient will die within a few hours. At this time, quickly tie the upper part of the wound tightly with cloth strips, handkerchiefs, ties, etc. to prevent the spread of snake venom. Then use a sterilized knife to make an incision about 1 cm long and 0.5 cm deep at the wound, and cut it with your mouth. Venom sucked out. If the oral mucosa is not damaged, its digestive juices can neutralize it, so there is no need to worry about poisoning. ?

When bitten or stung by an insect, apply ammonia to the wound after applying a cold compress with ice or cold water. If you are stung by a bee, use tweezers to pull out the stinger and then apply ammonia or milk.

Airplane disaster

Accidents are most likely to occur within 6 minutes after takeoff and 7 minutes after landing, known internationally as the "terrible 13 minutes." According to statistics from aviation medical scientists, 65% of accidents in our country occur within these 13 minutes. Therefore, when flying, you should fasten your seat belt before taking off as required.

Common emergencies in the air include the sudden drop of the sealed pressurized cabin, fire or mechanical failure. Generally, the captain and flight attendant will briefly announce the decision to make an emergency landing to passengers and instruct passengers on the emergency measures to be taken. During an emergency landing

the stewardess will explain the use of life jackets, but passengers should still fasten their seat belts before emergency escape. If the aircraft altitude is between 3660 and 4000 meters, the oxygen mask above the passenger's head will automatically droop. At this time, oxygen should be taken immediately, and smoking is strictly prohibited. If there is a fire in the cabin, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing bottles and powder fire extinguishing bottles can be used (disabled in the cockpit); in case of non-electrical and non-oil fires, use water fire extinguishing bottles. Passengers should obey the instructions, squat down as low as possible, hold their breath, or block their mouth and nose with a wet towel to prevent inhalation of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and poisoning. Car accidents Car accidents have become a public hazard in today's society and one of the four major causes of death in urban areas.

Injuries caused by car accidents can be roughly divided into deceleration injuries, impact injuries, crushing injuries, squeezing injuries and falling injuries, among which deceleration injuries and impact injuries are the most common. Deceleration injuries are injuries caused by the sudden and strong deceleration of a vehicle, such as head injury, cervical spine injury, aortic rupture, heart and pericardial injury, and steering wheel chest. Impact injuries are mostly caused by direct impact from a motor vehicle. Crushing and crushing injuries

Injuries and crushing injuries are mostly caused by vehicles running over and contusion, or injuries caused by being squeezed by the deformed carriage, body and cab at the same time. Therefore, the injuries are severe, change quickly, and the mortality rate is high.

First aid methods:

1. On-site organization: Temporarily organize a rescue team and provide unified command to avoid panic. Put out the fire immediately or eliminate all causes of the fire, such as extinguishing the engine and shutting down the fire. Turn on the power supply, move away flammable items, and send someone to call the emergency center for help. Assign personnel to protect the scene of the incident and maintain order. Carry out self-rescue and mutual rescue, and conduct injury classification to facilitate timely rescue.

2. Carry out rescue according to the classification and priority. For critically ill patients and those with cardiac arrest, perform cardiac compressions and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration immediately. For those who have lost consciousness, use handkerchiefs and fingers to remove dirt, vomit, dentures, etc. from the mouth and nose of the casualty, and then let the casualty lie on his side or prone. Apply bandages to stop bleeding immediately. If an open pneumothorax is found, perform a tight seal and bandage.

For tension pneumothorax associated with dyspnea, if conditions permit, puncture can be performed to vent the air or a drainage tube can be placed at the intersection of the second rib and the midclavicular line. Fix the fracture. For those who have difficulty breathing, lack of oxygen,

thoracic injury, and chest wall floating (abnormal breathing movement), they should be immediately filled with clothing, cotton pads, etc., and appropriately pressured and bandaged to limit floating.

3. Correct handling: No matter what the circumstances, rescuers must especially prevent cervical vertebra dislocation and spinal cord injury. They must pay attention to:

(1) Whenever a seriously injured person is moved from a car, Before moving or moving out, a cervical collar should be placed on the grass or the neck should be fixed to prevent cervical vertebra dislocation, spinal cord damage, and high paraplegia. If there is no neck brace at the moment, you can use cardboard, hard rubber, or thick canvas to imitate the neck brace, cut it into two pieces, front and back, and wrap it with cloth strips to fix it.

(2) For the injured person who has passed out on the chair, after placing the neck brace, the neck and torso can be fixed on the backrest, and then the seat can be disassembled and moved out together with the injured person.

(3) For the critically ill or comatose injured who are thrown out of the seat, a cervical collar should be placed on the ground, the wound should be bandaged, and then several people should carry the injured according to the principle of spinal injury. The movement should be gentle, the waist and hips should be supported, and the carrier's force should be uniform and consistent, and the patient should be placed flat on a wooden board or stretcher. After on-site first aid, the injured will be transported by ambulance according to priority.

Never stop a vehicle on the spot to transport critically ill patients. Otherwise, due to the lack of special rescue equipment in other vehicles, most of the injured will adopt incorrect semi-sitting, semi-recumbent, lateral recumbent positions, etc., aggravating their injuries or even dying. Fires on the way

Some statistics show that in the 20 years before 1974, an average of about 12,000 people died in fires in the United States every year, that is, 32.9 people died from fires every day. According to Japanese statistics in 1985, fires caused

1,741 people died. From 1971 to 1980, an average of more than 4,000 people died in fires every year in my country, an average of 11 people every day. If the number of people who died in forest fires and underground mine fires were added, the number would probably double. There are three direct causes of human death caused by fires:

1. Death from suffocation due to smoke poisoning, which is the primary cause of death from fires. Because fire smoke contains a large amount of carbon monoxide, it immediately combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin after inhalation. When human blood contains 10% carboxyhemoglobin, poisoning will occur, and when it accounts for 50%, suffocation will occur.

2. Burned to death.

3. People who jump from buildings and fall to their death mostly occur when high-rise buildings catch fire, and they lack self-rescue knowledge. They are driven by the fire into desperation and jump to their death.

Key points for fire escape:

1. Stay calm: Choose the best self-rescue plan based on the actual situation of the fire. Don’t panic.

2. Prevent smoke and block fire: This is very critical. When the fire has not spread into the room, close the doors and windows tightly and block the holes to prevent smoke from entering. If the door or wall is found to be hot, it means that a fire is approaching. At this time, do not open the window or door. You can use a soaked quilt to block it, and keep watering it. At the same time, fold it into 8 layers. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel. If you cannot find a wet towel, you can use other cotton fabrics instead. Its smoke removal rate reaches 60% to 100%, and it can filter out 10% to 40% of carbon monoxide. In 1983, during the April 17 fire in Harbin, most of the residential building at No. 73 Hetu Street was burned down. Only one resident used fire blocking methods to prevent the intrusion of the fire and persisted until the fire brigade suppressed the fire. Later he was saved and created the miracle of an island in a sea of ??fire.

In an emergency, take a deep breath and don’t panic! Follow the steps above and you will be saved!