Xi' an goose's information and story

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, also known as the Great Ci 'en Temple Pagoda, is located in the south suburb of Xi, Shaanxi Province, China. Because it is located in the west courtyard of Jean Temple, the Wild Goose Pagoda was originally called the West Courtyard Pagoda of Jean Temple. It is a masterpiece of Buddhist architecture in China in the Tang Dynasty.

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, also known as the Great Ci 'en Temple Pagoda, was built in 652 AD (the third year of Yonghui in Tang Gaozong). Master Xuanzang built a five-story brick tower in the West Tower of Jionji, dedicated to the Buddha statues, Buddhist relics and Sanskrit classics brought back from India. Reconstruction of Wu Zetian in Chang 'an period. Later, it was trimmed many times. The Wild Goose Pagoda is a famous tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty, so there are a large number of inscriptions by literati, including more than 200 inscriptions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone.

The Wild Goose Pagoda is a pavilion-style brick pagoda with a height of 64.5 meters. The tower has seven floors, square cone, wood-like structure, and the proportion decreases from bottom to top. There is a wooden ladder in the tower to climb up. There is an arched ticket gate on both sides of each floor, which can be overlooked through the railing. The whole building is magnificent, simple and steady in shape, moderate in proportion, solemn and simple in style, and it is a well-preserved pavilion tower. This tower is equipped with stairs for people to climb and overlook the ancient city Xi 'an.

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a landmark and famous historic site of Xi, and also a symbol of the ancient city of Xi. Therefore, this famous ancient pagoda was painted in the center of the emblem of Xi. The Ji 'en Temple, where the Wild Goose Pagoda is located, is a place where Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, specially translated and collected scriptures. Master Xuanzang retrieved Buddhist scriptures from Tianzhu and once presided over the temple affairs in Ji 'en Temple. He planned to build a stone tower outside the main entrance of Ji 'an Temple in March of the third year of Tang Yonghui (AD 652) on the grounds of "fearing that the people would not be diligent, the scriptures would be lost, and fire prevention would be difficult", and played it on the attached drawings. Because Xuanzang's floating pictures are always 30 feet high, Tang Gaozong approved the court to build a five-story brick tower in the west courtyard of the temple on the grounds that the project was huge and difficult to realize, and he didn't want the mage to work hard. This pagoda is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, because a smaller one was built in Jianfu Temple in Chang 'an. Jionji Pagoda is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and Jianfu Temple Pagoda is called Little Wild Goose Pagoda, which has been passed down to this day. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is modeled after the Western Regions, with brick surface and soil core, which is unattainable, and there are relics on each floor. Master Xuanzang personally presided over the construction of this tower, which took two years to complete. After more than 50 years, the tower gradually collapsed due to the change of topsoil core and wind and rain erosion.

During the reign of Wu Zetian in Chang 'an (70 1-704), Empress Wu Zetian and nobles rebuilt it on the original site and built a seven-story blue brick tower (on the other hand, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt in 704, and the tower was as high as 10 floor. In 93 1 year, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt in the Five Dynasties and the later Tang Dynasty, and it was reduced to seven floors. After the end of the Tang Dynasty, Jionji was repeatedly attacked by soldiers, and the temple was burned down, leaving only the Big Wild Goose Pagoda alone.

In 93 1 year (the second year of Changxing in the Tang Dynasty after the Five Dynasties), the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was restored again. Later, several major earthquakes occurred in Xi 'an, and the top of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda fell and the tower was broken.

In A.D. 1604 (23rd year of Wanli reign of Ming Dynasty), the basic shape of the Tang Dynasty Tower was maintained, and a 60 cm thick coating was built outside it, making its shape wider than before, which is the shape of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda seen today.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Wild Goose Pagoda was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 196 1. After a renovation by 1964, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda basically maintained its original features. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a square-pavilion-style brick pagoda, which is made up of tower foundation, tower body and tower brake, and its current height is 64.538+07 meters. The tower foundation is 4.2 meters high, 48.7 meters from north to south and 45.7 meters from east to west; The tower is a square cone with a square plane, with a base length of 25.5 meters, a tower height of 59.9 meters and a tower gate height of 4.87 meters. All floors of the tower are made of blue bricks to imitate wood-like structures such as eaves columns, bucket arches, railings, sandalwood, eaves rafters and flying rafters. The structure is neat, and the brick joints on the ground are firm and abnormal. The wall of each floor of the tower is composed of brick flat columns and diaphragm, with a big bucket on the upper part of the column and a brick arch hole in the middle of each floor. The plane inside the tower is also square, and each floor has floors. An escalator is installed to spiral up to the top of the tower. The square columns on the first and second floors are divided into nine bays, seven bays on the third and fourth floors, and five bays on the fifth and sixth floors. There are relics, Buddha's foot stone carvings and Tang priest's footprint stone carvings on the tower.

The bottom of the tower is surrounded by stone gates, and there are exquisite line carved Buddha statues on the mast. Ximenmei is a picture of Amitabha, engraved with magnificent halls. The layout of the picture is rigorous, and the lines are vigorous and smooth, which was handed down by the painter Yan in the Tang Dynasty. Two stone tablets written by Chu Suiliang, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, are embedded on both sides of the South Gate Cave on the ground floor. The Preface to Tang Sanzang written by Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong and the Preface to Tang Sanzang written by Tang Gaozong have high artistic value and are called "Two Saints and Three Wonders Monuments". In May 2008, Wang Yarong, director of the Institute of Religion of Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, said that just like the underground palace under the Famen Temple pagoda in Shaanxi, there may be a thousand-year-old underground palace under the Wild Goose Pagoda in xi. It is speculated that the treasures Xuanzang brought back from India may be hidden in the underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

According to historical records, in the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan, Xuanzang returned from India, bringing back a large number of Buddhist relics, hundreds of Sanskrit scriptures of Beye and eight gold and silver Buddha statues. With the approval of the imperial court, Xuanzang personally presided over the construction of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in order to worship and treasure the Buddhist scriptures, gold and silver Buddha statues, relics and other treasures brought back. But until now, no one knows where the treasure Xuanzang brought back is.

Wang Yarong thought there was a dungeon under the ancient pagoda. Just as there is a dungeon under the Famen Temple pagoda, there must be a dungeon under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, but it has not been excavated yet. It is speculated that the underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is likely to contain Buddhist treasures that Xuanzang brought back at the beginning.

Xie Shoutao, director of the Xi Wild Goose Pagoda Storage Center, said that in 2007, the relevant departments had detected the internal structure of the Wild Goose Pagoda, and the ground penetrating radar had detected a hole in the underground of the Wild Goose Pagoda, which should be the underground palace of the Wild Goose Pagoda. The name of Big Wild Goose Pagoda comes from Big Wild Goose Pagoda. Does it really have something to do with geese? Xuanzang's "Records of the Western Regions of Datang" recorded the legend that he heard in India that monks buried the Wild Goose Pagoda, and explained the most credible theory of the origin of the Wild Goose Pagoda. "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" (Volume 9): There is a wild goose pagoda in the mountains of Indra House in Maha. It is said that the geese dedicated themselves to the Hinayana believers who want to be enlightened. Perhaps this record is the origin of the name of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

According to legend, a long time ago, monks in a temple in Mojeto (now southern Bihar, India) believed in Hinayana Buddhism and ate three clean (i.e. geese, deer and calves). One day, a flock of geese were flying in the air. A monk saw the goose and casually said, "Nobody has anything to eat today. Bodhisattva should know that we are hungry! " As he spoke, a wild goose landed in front of the monk and died. He told all the monks in the temple with surprise that the Tathagata was educating them. So in the place where the wild goose fell, it was buried with a grand ceremony, and the tower was named the Wild Goose Pagoda.

Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, visited the Big Wild Goose Pagoda during his study tour in India from 629 to 645. After returning to China, in order to store the Buddhist scriptures brought back from India during the translation of the scriptures in Ji 'an Temple, in 652 A.D., a brick tower imitating the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in India was built in the west courtyard of Ji 'an Temple, called Big Wild Goose Pagoda. This name continues to this day. Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Xuanzang Big Wild Goose Pagoda are famous for the story of "Tang Priest (Xuanzang) taking scriptures". Jionji in front of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda mentioned Jionji and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and naturally thought of Xuanzang in the Tang Dynasty. He once presided over the temple affairs, led the Buddhist scripture translation circle and founded the Buddhist Sect. He personally supervised the construction of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in the temple. Jionji is the most famous and magnificent Buddhist temple in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. It was built by royal decree in the Tang Dynasty, and it was built under the patronage of the royal family. It has a prominent position and a grand scale. He is the first dean here. This legendary figure is honored as "Master Sanzang".

Xuanzang, a native of Yanshi, Henan Province, was a famous traveler, translator and Buddhist in history. Xuanzang traveled westward from Chang 'an in 628 AD and arrived in India through difficulties and obstacles, and was carefully guided by Master Jie Xian. When he returned to China in 645 AD, the imperial court held an unprecedented grand ceremony in Jeju. Xuanzang brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures, and translated 74 Buddhist scriptures in Hongfu Temple, Jionji and Yuhua Temple successively, with a total volume of 1, 335. Among the four major Buddhist translators in China, he translated the most books and translated them best. At the request of Emperor Taizong, Xuanzang also recorded the history, mountains and rivers, folk customs, product climate, political culture and religious beliefs of 16, 5438+00 cities and 28 regions and countries during his trip to 17, and compiled them into "Records of the Western Regions of Datang" 65438+. Since the Tang Dynasty, the story of him going to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures has been widely circulated. On this basis, Wu Cheng'en, a novelist in the Ming Dynasty, created The Journey to the West, one of the four great novels in ancient China. [Edit this paragraph] Title of Wild Goose Pagoda in Cultural Landscape

Many famous poets in the Tang Dynasty boarded the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, leaving beautiful sentences that have been passed down to this day, such as Du Fu's "The banner crosses the sky and the wind is not stopped"; Chapter 8 of the "strange bird enclave, mid-air self-alarm language" and so on. In particular, the Tang Dynasty poet Cen Can's "Traveling with Gao Shi and Xue Zhi in Jeju": "Pagoda rises abruptly from the ground and reaches the Heavenly Palace; Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us, and our overlooking steps are hanging in space. It is above a holy land and can only be built by spiritual hard work; Its four sides darken the bright sun, and its seven floors cut through the gray clouds. Birds fly where we can't see, and high winds blow where we can't hear; The mountains, facing the east, run together as if facing the east. In the distance, green Sophora japonica trees are arranged on wide roads, leading to dense palaces and buildings; The colors of autumn come out from the west and go through the city. In the north, there are five cemeteries, which are always quiet under the dew and green grass. Those who know the ultimate meaning of life, this is what all mankind must learn; From now on, I will put my official hat aside and find the eternal road is the only happiness. " The poet's magnificent description and philosophical exclamation often cause people to sing when they climb the tower. This shows the grandeur of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

As early as the year of Tang Zhongzong Dragon, the title of Big Wild Goose Pagoda has already formed a custom. Each new Jinshi first had a banquet in Qujiang and Xingyuan, and then climbed the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, leaving the wall of the pagoda as a souvenir. At the age of 27, Bai Juyi became a scholar and wrote the poem "The kindness tower is the smallest among seventeen people". Liu Cang is even more heroic to "choose the victory tour in the Spring Festival, and the apricot garden banquet Qujiangtou; The title of "the purple powder wall is a fairy, the willow flute blows the jade building", and the title of Yanta and Dengxian is mentioned together, which shows that their hearts are full of the joy of spring breeze and regard the title of Yanta as a great honor. Later, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda formed the scene that "the walls of the small courtyard of the pagoda were all inscribed by Qing Xiang", but unfortunately, a fire in northern Song Shenzong destroyed the precious inscribed walls.

Yanta ramble

[1] Kentucky

There is a stone gate at the bottom of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and there are exquisite line carved Buddha statues and brick carved couplets on the lintels and doorframes.

Inscriptions on the east and west sides of the South Gate are the Preface to Tang Sanzang Monument by Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong and the Preface to Sanzang Monument in Li Zhi, Tang Gaozong by Chu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. The inscription highly praised Master Xuanzang for learning from the West and carrying forward the historical achievements and extraordinary spirit of Buddhism. The world calls it "the Holy Religion of Big Wild Goose Pagoda". It is a fine work in the Tang Dynasty inscriptions and a precious calligraphy inscription. It is an important cultural relic for studying calligraphy, painting and sculpture in the Tang Dynasty.

A layer or layer.

After the new Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozong gave a banquet in Xingyuan, met in Qujiang and drank wine, and inscribed Ci 'enta. This is what people often call "Qujiang Liu Yin" and "Wild Goose Pagoda Inscription".

Entering the south gate, there are many Ming Dynasty inscriptions on both sides of the cave wall. Among them, "Wild Goose Pagoda" is the first between heaven and earth, which is a portrayal of the scenery of "Wild Goose Pagoda" at that time. In addition, Xuanzang's masterpiece and Xuanzang's translated classics are also worth seeing.

There are four long couplets hanging on the first floor of the tower, which are written about the history, characters and stories of the Tang Dynasty. They were there, talking, and feeling the same words.

On the first floor of the tower, there is also a common sense photo exhibition of ancient pagodas and famous pagodas in China, which shows the origin and development of the tower, its structure and classification.

There is a "Xuanzang Footprint Stone" in the tower brick, and the carving pattern vividly reflects the legendary story of Xuanzang's journey to Wan Li and his fighting spirit.

two-double

In the tower room on the second floor of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a bronze gilded Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, which is a precious cultural relic in the early Ming Dynasty and is regarded as the "treasure in the tower". All the tourists here are scrambling for a quick look.

On both sides of the tower wall, there are also two murals of Manjusri, Bodhisattva Samantabhadra and many modern celebrity calligraphy. Most of the poems are catchy and meaningful when poets in the Tang Dynasty boarded the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

Three - story building

There is a wooden chair in the middle of the tower room on the third floor. There are precious relics and models of Wild Goose Pagoda on the seat. There is a story about the origin of the relic, which was given by Master Janice, the abbot of the Indian Xuanzang Temple, and belongs to a Buddhist treasure.

The model of Big Wild Goose Pagoda is made in strict accordance with the ratio of 1: 60, which is lifelike.

Five-layer

On the fifth floor of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a Ni Gu Mei Footprint Monument, which is based on the statue of Buddha's foot carved by Master Xuanzang at Yuhua Temple in Tongchuan in his later years. There are many Buddhist patterns in the world with rich connotations. Known as "seeing your feet is like seeing Buddha, worshipping your feet is like worshipping Buddha".

In the five-story tower room, there are also some little-known poems of Xuanzang. We can get a glimpse of Xuanzang's superb artistic attainments in poetry.

Six floors

On the sixth floor, there are masterpieces of five poets in the Tang Dynasty. In the late autumn of 752 A.D., Du Fu, the poet sage, met Cen Can, Gao Shi, Xue Zhi and Chu Guangxi and boarded the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, overlooking the scenery by the railing, drinking and entertaining, and composing a poem. They are all brilliant, and their poems are excellent. Everyone gives a five-character poem, which will last forever.

Seventh Floor

At the highest point of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, you can see the ancient city from all directions. At the top of the seventh floor, there is a well-carved holy lotus algae, with a huge lotus flower in the middle. The petals have the word 14, which is connected in series to form a poem with several pronunciations. Xuanzang wrote on the wall "The Story of the Western Regions of Datang", which recorded the legend that monks buried swallows and built pagodas in India, and explained the most credible theory of the origin of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda to tourists.

The North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda starts from the southern end of Yanta Road in the north, connects with the northern outer wall of Ji 'en Temple in the south, reaches the East Square Road in the east and the West Square Road in the west, with a width of 218m from east to west and a length of 364m from north to south, covering an area of1000 mu and a construction area of about10000 square meters. The whole square consists of waterscape fountains, cultural and cultural facilities. The whole square is divided into three parts with the Big Wild Goose Pagoda as the central axis, with the main scenic waterway in the middle. The left and right sides are divided into "Tang Poetry Garden", "Fa Flower Garden" and "Zen Forest Tree Area", and the southern end of the square is equipped with "Waterfall", "Theme Waterscape" and "Observation Deck". The new record created by the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda: the largest fountain square and the largest waterscape square in Asia, with a water surface area of 20,000 square meters; It is the largest sculpture square in Asia. There are two hundred-meter-long group sculptures, eight groups of large figure sculptures and 40 reliefs. It has the most luxurious green non-contact bathroom in the world, the cleanest, the most benches in the world, the longest light strip in the world, the world's first direct water diversion and the largest sound combination. [Edit this paragraph] Travel information Night opening hours of the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda: 09: 00 ~ 17: 00 (daily)

Tickets: As the Wild Goose Pagoda is located in Tzu Chi, you must first buy Tzu Chi tickets at the price of 30 yuan/person (students can buy half tickets with valid documents such as student ID cards, and soldiers, disabled people, retirees and people over 70 can buy tickets free of charge), and climb the tower at the price of 20 yuan/person (students can buy half tickets with valid documents such as student ID cards).

Bus stop near Big Wild Goose Pagoda

Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station (Yanta Road/Big Wild Goose Pagoda Cross North): 5 265 438+0 23 27 30 465 438+0 224 320 401500 501527 601606 609 715.

Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station (Northwest Exit/Xiaozhai East Road/Big Wild Goose Pagoda Cross West):19 24 34 44 400 408 521610 7016.

Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station (East Exit/Furong East Road):19 34 44 400 408 521701.

Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station (southwest exit/Ci 'en West Road): 6 10 24 Tour 6

Yanta West Road East Exit Station (Yanta West Garden): 5192124 27 30 34 4144 224 320 400 401408 500 50152152.

South Square Station of Big Wild Goose Pagoda: 5192124 27 30 344124 400 401408 500 501526 5438+0 527 601600.

Goose guide station: 5192124 27 30 344144 224 320 400 401408 500 501521527 60/kloc-.

Yannan Road Station (Shizi West Road): 320 407

Yannan Road Station (Cross East): 24 44 320 609

Yanta West Road Station (Cuihua Road-Yanta West Road Cross West): 408 605 720

Yanta West Road Station (Cuihua Road-Yanta West Road Cross North): 27 527

Surrounding scenic spots

Big Wild Goose Pagoda North Square: In 2002-2003, the Xi Municipal People's Government carried out a large-scale transformation of the surrounding environment of Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and built the main cultural square-Big Wild Goose Pagoda North Square in the north of Jeju. The musical fountain is worth seeing. It is called the largest musical fountain in Asia.

Shaanxi History Museum has a rich collection;

Tang Furong Garden, experience the customs of the Tang Dynasty.

References:

Wild Goose Pagoda website

Extended reading of tower climbing tour: 1. China Xi Wild Goose Pagoda/Park/Class 1004/ 10456/4. /Zhu Ye /xaxz/