Customs of various countries around the world, Chinese

Japanese customs and etiquette

Japan, referred to as Japan. It is located in the east of Asia and covers an area of ??377,700 square kilometers. The population is 123.6 million. The main religions are Buddhism, Shintoism, and Christianity. Many people believe in two or more sects. Japanese is the national language, some middle-aged and elderly people understand Chinese, and most businessmen understand English. The capital, Tokyo, is one of the most populous cities in the world. Diplomatic relations with my country were restored on September 29, 1972.

Japan is known as the "third economic power", "the country of cherry blossoms", "the kingdom of shipbuilding", "the country of trade", and the "kingdom of steel". Japan and China are separated by a water. People's friendly exchanges have a long history. Many Japanese customs and habits can find their roots in China. The Japanese show a unique respect for Chinese culture. When interacting with Japanese people, you must first learn the basic etiquette of Japanese people, such as exchanging business cards, shaking hands, saying hello, etc. If you can imitate the etiquette vividly, then meeting with Japanese people will appear relaxed and comfortable.

Japanese people seem to do things slowly. He often conceals his feelings and is not easy to reveal them. He dislikes sentimental, confrontational and targeted words and deeds, and has an impatient style. Therefore, in the process of dealing with Japanese people, impatient people often end up in trouble.

"Loving face" is the fundamental characteristic of Japanese people. It is a record of a person's honor and a source of self-confidence. Human feelings will strongly affect everything about Japanese people. A word that hurts face will Any action that harms honor will bring the matter to a deadlock. "Face" is what the Japanese value most. Therefore, when getting along with Japanese people, you should always remember to give each other face. Japanese people value morality and kindness. In their view, "a person can never repay even one ten thousandth of a kindness." Repaying a favor is a common but important thing for them.

Gift-giving is even more common in Japan. Gifts are given to colleagues when they are promoted, married, have children, birthdays, festivals, etc. This etiquette is not only a legacy of history, but also endowed with new ideas of the times. The habit of giving gifts is also popular in business interactions. Give a Japanese guest a gift, even a small souvenir, and he will remember it in his heart, because it not only shows your sincerity, but also shows that the relationship between them has gone beyond business, and it shows your friendship for him. If you value his face, he will not be able to forget your "kindness". Japanese people don't like to tie bows on gift packages, so they wrap gifts with red ribbons to symbolize good health. Do not give gifts with animal images to Japanese people.

There are certain considerations when accepting invitations from Japanese people. For example, if you are invited to a formal banquet, you should act solemnly and dress up in a suit and leather shoes. But if you are participating in an outing, or other entertainment or sports activities, even if it is the first time you meet, you only need to dress lightly and wear suits and ties. But if you are participating in an outing, or other entertainment or sports activities, even if it is the first time you meet, as long as you dress lightly, or in suitable attire, and strive to be natural, you will be able to show your enthusiasm, generousness, and ease.

2006-1-21 09:24 Reply

59.35.128.* 3rd Floor

South African Customs and Etiquette

South Africa* **The Republic of South Africa, referred to as South Africa. Located at the southernmost tip of the African continent. The Indian Ocean is to the east, the Atlantic Ocean is to the west, and the Cape of Good Hope, the sharp point in the southwest, is the dividing point between these two oceans. Before the Suez Canal was built, ships traveling between Europe and Asia had to pass through the Cape of Good Hope. Now, many ships, especially large oil tankers, from the Indian Ocean coast to Europe and America still have to pass through here. Therefore, South Africa's geographical location is of great value in world transportation and strategy.

It has an area of ??1.221 million square kilometers and a population of 34 million, of which 74% are black Africans, more than 2.4 million people of color (mixed race), more than 700,000 Asians, and more than 4.4 million white people. Thousands of people (60% of them are of Dutch ancestry and 38% are of British ancestry). English and Afrikaans are both official languages. In Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa, English and French are the official languages. Almost all whites and blacks understand English.

The capital, Pretoria, has a population of approximately 650,000 and is the political, economic and transportation center of the South African authorities. South Africa, named after its location in the southern part of the African continent, is called Azania by the locals. Azania comes from Arabic. In Arabic, Zanj refers to dark-skinned Africans. Azania means the land of black people. It originally refers to the coast of East Africa and nearby islands. It was later used as the country name by the African National Congress of South Africa.

The current presidential system of government in South Africa. The president is elected by Congress for a five-year term. The president appoints cabinet ministers and governs the country. On December 31, 1980, the Senate was abolished, leaving only the House of Representatives, and the Vice President and Presidential Chambers were added. South Africa is rich in mineral resources. The production of gold, platinum, diamond, asbestos, and vanadium, as well as the reserves of uranium, manganese, chromium, and fluorspar, are among the best in the world. In addition, there are also coal, iron, copper, lead, zinc, etc. The mining industry is the main pillar of the national economy.

South African business etiquette is to wear conservative suits at all times. Visits must be made by appointment. South African businessmen are very conservative and strive to be formal in their dealings.

Much business is done in private clubs or at each other's homes. People often don't understand people who use overly delicate means or talk in circles when doing business here. Trying to achieve your goals in this way will probably not work. Just say what you want to say boldly and straightforwardly.

It is warm all year round in South Africa and there is very little rainfall. Those who come here on business in July and August (the local winter) are advised to prepare some warm and thick clothes.

In South Africa, there are green spaces not only on both sides of the highway, but also in the middle of urban streets. The roads are wide and neat, but there are also many traffic accidents. Radio-equipped taxis are easy to hail and safe.

According to reports, the biggest pillars of South Africa’s economy are gold and diamonds, of which gold accounts for 75% of the capitalist world’s circulation, while diamonds account for 90%. The currency is the South African Rand.

In terms of the three major matters of South African transactions, including contracting, delivery, and payment, the emphasis is on the British type, and this is true regardless of whether it is a Dutch or British enterprise. The person in charge with decision-making power comes forward to negotiate, which is a centralized power type. Therefore, business negotiations will not drag on time. Of course, we also hope that our negotiating representatives will also have decision-making power. They abide by the agreement and the payment method is also very regular. South Africa is located in a plateau zone with an average altitude of 1,200 meters. Therefore, the climate is not hot and it is very comfortable to live in. Just wearing a suit all year round is enough. It is best to visit from February to May and September to November. Avoid going around Christmas and Easter, as there are many local Jewish businessmen, so be careful to avoid Jewish holidays. Many businessmen take vacations twice a year: from December to January and June to July.

A visa is required when entering the country, and it is divided into Visitor and Resident inspections. Be sure to clear the level as a Visitor to make it easy. Because TVs, VCRs, golf clubs, etc. need to pay taxes, inspections are very strict. Pornographic magazines are not allowed. Customs duty-free 400 cigarettes and 1 bottle of wine. The entry and exit limit for South African currency is 100 South African Rand. There is no limit on foreign currency. You must declare the amount before entering customs and you can take it back when exiting customs.

Tip for taxis is 10%, and restaurants and hotels add an additional 10% to the bill. Other services are 10~25Cents each time. Drinking water, vegetables, and fruits are all hygienic.

American customs and etiquette

The United States of America (The United States of America), referred to as the United States. It covers an area of ??9.36 million square kilometers. Population 250 million. The residents mainly believe in Christianity and Roman Catholicism. The language is English.

The U.S. government is a federal presidential system with separation of powers. The Constitution came into effect in 1787. The president holds power and is elected by the people of each state and presidential electors for a four-year term. Congress is divided into two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Senators are composed of two elected representatives from each state. They serve a term of six years, with one-third being re-elected every two years. Representatives are elected by the people for a 2-year term. Capital Washington.

The United States is the world's largest economic power and the world's largest trading country. In 1989, the total import and export volume was US$809.181 billion.

When doing business with Americans, you must pay attention to American business etiquette and some American social customs.

Americans don’t always have to be well-dressed like the British, but they don’t pay much attention to what they wear. They dress based on the principle of being spacious and comfortable, and they can wear whatever they like. Others will not discuss or ridicule. In spring and autumn, Americans generally wear trousers on the lower body and a sweater or jacket on the upper body outside the shirt, which is loose, comfortable and unrestrained. There are many people wearing shorts and short skirts in summer. In tourist or coastal cities, men wear swimming trunks and women wear three-point swimsuits, and then put on a bath towel to go shopping or go to restaurants. But in formal situations, Americans pay more attention to etiquette.

When meeting, you should pay attention to your clothing and pay attention to neatness. It is better to wear a suit. In particular, your shoes should be polished and your fingernails should be clean. American businessmen rarely shake hands. Even if they meet for the first time, they don't necessarily have to shake hands first. They often just nod, smile, and say hello politely. When a man holds a woman's hand, he should be gentle and not forceful. If a woman does not want to shake hands, men should not extend her hand unless the woman takes the initiative. Do not use both hands when shaking hands. Between superiors and subordinates, the superior reaches out first to shake hands. Between elders and younger ones, the elder reaches out first to shake hands. Between the host and the guest, the host reaches out first. Men should avoid putting each other's arms around each other. Americans don't like the two parties to be too close when talking, and are used to keeping a certain physical distance between the two people. Generally, it should be kept between 120-150 cm, and at least not less than 50 cm.

In the United States, men over the age of 12 are entitled to the title of "Mr." However, most Americans do not like to use titles such as Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms., as they think it is too serious. . They like to be called by their first names and regard this as a sign of friendliness. Americans rarely address others by their formal titles.

Formal titles are generally only used for judges, military officers, doctors, professors, religious leaders and other figures. Especially administrative positions. Americans never address people by this, such as *** director or *** manager. U.S. customs personnel always say "please" and "thank you", "please open the box", "please give me your passport" "Take it out", and when the inspection is completed, they will also say polite words such as "I wish you a pleasant trip" or "The weather is really nice today".

The words spoken by American shop assistants and restaurant waitresses make people feel at home. Even if you spend nothing, they are still full of smiles and say thank you with a smile before leaving. Come and hope to come again next time.

Before visiting a public or private institution, an appointment must be made first. It is best to make a phone call before arrival. Americans are very hospitable. Even if you only meet someone for a minute, you may be invited to see a theater, have a meal or travel abroad. But after a week, this friend will probably forget all about you. When visiting an American home, it is rude to visit rashly and an agreement must be made in advance. Even if you are giving gifts to relatives and friends, if they don't know about it in advance, don't knock on the door directly. It's better to leave the gift at his door and then notify him to pick it up yourself.

When invited to an American home as a guest or to attend a banquet, it is best to bring some small gifts to the host, such as cosmetics, children's toys, local specialties, or tobacco and alcohol. For the furnishings at home, the owner likes to hear words of appreciation, but does not want to hear words asking about the price.

Being punctual and trustworthy is very important. American businessmen like to show their "informality", "easy-going" and "humor". People who can often tell a few jokes are often easily accepted by others. Breakfast and lunch date negotiations are popular in American business circles. When you agree to attend a banquet hosted by the other party, you must arrive on time. If you cannot attend on time due to special circumstances, you must call the host and explain the reason, or tell the host when you can go. When attending a banquet, when a woman enters the living room, a man should stand up until the woman finds a seat before you can sit down. When Americans entertain guests, they mostly use roasted beef and roasted chicken, because these dishes are popular with Americans and are convenient and affordable. As long as you add one or two kinds of vegetables, taro and cereals, and if you plan to order dessert after the meal, it will be a feast. Hamburgers are a daily food consumed by Americans. According to regulations, the fat content of ground beef in hamburgers must not exceed 30%.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations with my country in January 1979, American businessmen (especially large business operators) have been very interested in the Chinese market.

In the United States, generally light and clean colors are popular, such as ivory, light green, light blue, yellow, pink, and light tan. It's hard to point out those particularly high-end colors in the United States. Surveys by many psychologists show that: 1. Solid colors are more popular; 2. Bright, bright colors are more popular than gray colors. Here are some interesting examples of the relationship between Americans' color preferences and purchasing habits:

New York residents like white eggs, so white eggs are often sold at high prices there. However, Boston citizens like reddish-brown eggs. They generally think that reddish-brown eggs are delicious and white eggs have a special taste. However, cooking experts agree that white eggs are better than reddish-brown eggs.

In recent years, Americans’ drinking habits have changed, which is consistent with the changes in the drinking habits of consumers in various countries. That is, switching from a preference for strong dark wines to non-fortified light wines. People are becoming more and more accustomed to drinking beer, wine and cider. According to statistics, the consumption of hard liquor in the United States, the world's largest alcohol consumer, is declining. In 1975, British whiskey accounted for 13.6% of total U.S. consumption, compared with only 11% in 1985. In the past 10 years, sales of low-alcohol wine in the United States have increased by about 30%. There is a popular saying in the United States that "light-colored wine is better for health than dark-colored wine."

In some places, people like to drink light tea, while in other places, people like to drink strong tea. Whether it is tea or coffee, it must be well blended with the local water. In addition, red cream or cheese is more popular than ordinary cream and cheese. Another example is that red salmon sells well in some places, while in other places due to customs, white salmon sells well.

The green asparagus tea is well received in Boston, while the white asparagus tea is well received in Chicago. In terms of clothing color, in the southern United States, women prefer blue, while New Englanders have rosy skin, so people there like to buy clothes that suit their skin color. In Texas, the number of people buying light brown items increases after Christmas.

Among the 10-cent toothbrushes in the United States, red accounts for about 50% of sales, but there are no high-end toothbrushes made of red, because among high-end toothbrushes, amber has achieved great popularity. Successful and very popular. In addition, table knives with blue handles are more popular than those with black handles. This is because American women are particular about kitchen decoration and dislike monotonous utensils.

An example of a taboo color in the United States is that when a Japanese pen manufacturer exported pens to the United States, they used purple velvet linings in silver pen boxes, which was resented in the United States. Trademarks for goods used in the United States must be registered with the U.S. federal government, otherwise your goods will be counterfeited by others. It is best to use the company's name as a trademark for products sold in the United States to facilitate promotion.

The United States has a large number of Jews. Pay attention to local Jewish holidays. It is not advisable to visit during the two weeks before and after Christmas and Easter. Except for vacations from June to August, it is advisable to visit during the rest of the time.

2006-1-21 09:33 Reply

59.35.128.* 5th Floor

Thailand’s customs and etiquette

Kingdom of Thailand (The Kingdom of Thailand), referred to as Thailand, formerly known as Siam. In June 1939, it was renamed Thailand, which means "Land of Freedom". It covers an area of ??514,000 square kilometers. With a population of 56.2 million, 95% of the residents believe in Buddhism, which is the state religion. The king is the highest patron of Buddhism and follows the Buddhist calendar.

The etiquette of the Thai people follows Buddhist etiquette. There are more than 260,000 monks in the country. Every man in his 20s has to be a monk for three months, and he has to be a monk for at least three days before he can become a monk. Obtaining adult qualifications, the royal family is no exception. Thailand has more than 40,000 temples and more than 100,000 pagodas. The number of temples in Thailand is unparalleled in Southeast Asia. Thai is the national language. The capital is Bangkok.

The Kingdom of Thailand currently implements a constitutional monarchy and a cabinet system. The cabinet holds administrative power and consists of 40 cabinet members. On December 22, 1978, Thailand implemented a new constitution. The National Assembly is a bicameral system. The 225 members of the Senate are nominated by the Prime Minister and the Chairman of the Senate and appointed by the King of Thailand. The 324-member House of Representatives is elected by popular vote. Thailand is a member of ASEAN.

Thailand is located in Southeast Asia, with a long coastline and numerous temples. In order to increase foreign exchange earnings, the Thai government attaches great importance to tourism and has established many hotels and tourist facilities in the capital Bangkok and Pattaya to attract foreign tourists. Thailand designated 1987 as the Tourism Year, with 3.5 million tourists coming to Thailand and foreign exchange earnings of nearly 2 billion US dollars, an increase of 32% over the previous year. Tourism has become a cash cow for Thailand.

Thais like red and yellow, but avoid brown. People notice the advertising, the packaging. Trademarks and clothing all use bright colors, and it is customary to use colors to represent different dates: Sunday is red, Monday is yellow, Tuesday is pink, Wednesday is green, Thursday is orange, Friday is light blue, and Saturday is purple. People often wear different colors of clothing according to different days. In the past, white was used for funerals, but now it is black. The flag of Thailand consists of red, white and blue. Red represents the nation and symbolizes the strength and dedication of people of all ethnic groups. White represents religion and symbolizes religious purity. Thailand is a constitutional monarchy, the king is supreme, and blue represents the royal family. The blue center symbolizes the royal family among all peoples and the purity of religion.

As the saying goes, "When entering a country, ask questions; when entering a country, do as the Romans do." Anyone who is visiting or doing business in Thailand for the first time must pay attention to abide by Thai customs and etiquette, otherwise misunderstandings may easily occur. Thais believe that gods live under the threshold, so never step on the threshold of a Thai house.

Historically, Thai people generally do not like to take risks and are cautious when doing business. They would rather rely on their own strength and develop by accumulating little, rather than make drastic decisions, borrow large amounts, and invest on a large scale. Because they are overly cautious and do not trust others easily, many business departments have a strong family flavor. Thai businessmen attach great importance to interpersonal relationships. In their view, instead of fighting with each other and working hard to obtain some benefits, it is better to give these benefits to those honest and humane opponents. For goods, they value quality more than brand. As long as the goods are genuine, even unknown products can be recognized. In addition, like most Chinese, they also care about face and attach great importance to others' opinions of their appearance. If they can make the other party feel psychologically satisfied, they can undoubtedly make the negotiation proceed in a very harmonious atmosphere.

People say that Thailand is the "Land of Smiles" and they are particularly amiable to foreigners. Business targets are almost all enterprises of the overseas Chinese system. Like overseas Chinese in other countries, doing business must be based on personal trust, and formal contracts still tend to be looked down upon. The streets in the city are chaotic and chaotic. Not to mention morning and evening, they are often crowded even during the day, making movement quite time-consuming.

In Thailand, arguing with others in public and acting aggressively are considered the most shameful behavior by Thai people. Since the left hand is considered unclean, the right hand must be used to exchange business cards and receive items.

Wear a suit when visiting government offices. In the business world, just wear a shirt and tie. When visiting a large company or government office, you must make an appointment. It is polite to be on time for the appointment. It is advisable to have business cards in English, Thai and Chinese that can be printed locally in two days.

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