Social Customs in Jiangchi Town

Under the specific environmental conditions in mountainous areas, Jiangchi people have been engaged in agricultural production for a long time, and have developed good qualities of kindness, simplicity and diligence, which are reflected in some dialect proverbs closely related to their production and life.

Geographical environment: for example, "the mountain is high and there are many stones, so climb when you go out"; "Go up into the fog and down into the pool"; "Cry at the sight of the house"; "The mountain is ten feet high, which is very different; Shady slopes and sunny slopes are much worse. "

Forecast the climate: for example, "beginning of spring rains early, gets up early and goes to bed late"; "stunned and motionless, cold until mid-May"; "If you can't go down in the long summer, the tiller is high"; "Xiaoman refuses to accept, breaking the ridge"; There is no ice before winter, and people freeze to death after winter.

Observation of sunny and rainy days: mainly used to observe cloud color, thunderstorm and fog in summer, such as: "Clouds can be seen in the sky on a sunny day"; "Thin clouds in the morning and wither at noon"; "Lei Gong sings first, but it doesn't rain much"; "A rainy mountain wears a hat, but a rainy mountain wipes its waist"; "The stone perspires, and the rain is continuous"; "The salt pot ebbs, and heavy rain is inevitable"; "It will rain when ants move, and it will clear up when spiders weave webs"; "Dawn dew, such as water to burn tea; At night, the frog died of thirst. "

Farming and fertilization: "spring ploughing breaks the plough, and you don't worry about harvesting"; "Dig one inch deeper and put a spoonful of dung on the top"; "One flower at a time depends on fertilizer"; Children are neither milk nor fat, and crops are neither fat nor strong.

Management harvest: "plant on the plow and collect on the hoe"; "A blade of grass in a seedling is better than a snake bite"; "Farming without paying attention to ditches is like a robber stealing"; "just plant it and break the rice bowl"; "I would rather accept 10% green than 100% yellow"; "I am not afraid of a bumper harvest, but I am afraid of losing it in the field."

Diligence and thrift: "thin land is afraid of diligent people, fat land is afraid of lazy eggs"; "There is more wood on sunny days, but shoes are not wet on rainy days"; "Go out without hooking your waist, and go in without firewood"; "If you store grain like gold, you don't have to worry"; "Saving is like swallowing mud, and wasting is like a river bursting its banks".

Unity and mutual assistance: "everyone is United, and the stone mountain becomes gold"; "Monofilaments don't make a line, and single bamboo doesn't make a row"; "Many hands make light work, and firewood makes light work"; "It is difficult to walk on a wooden bridge, and it is difficult to clamp meat with chopsticks"; People need help when they are in trouble, and firewood needs to be carried up the mountain.

Be a man: for example, "people should be loyal and honest, and fire should be hollow"; "hand in the heart and water roots"; "It is better to use a knife with an upright person than to associate with a cunning person"; "As long as friends have a good friendship, sauerkraut can be used as a sea cucumber pad"; "People don't love money, ghosts are afraid of three points"; "There is no need to harm people, and there is no need to prevent people."

Teach children to learn: for example, "it is unfilial to keep a pet, and the pet dog is on the stove"; "A charming girl cries badly, and a charming child is in trouble"; "Raising a child who doesn't study is equivalent to raising a pig"; "Do it if it doesn't rain, and people will be stupid if they don't study"; "Reading depends on self-study, and the teacher is only the guide"; "Green vegetables and red vines raise filial sons, and Huang Jing gives good people."

Holiday life: such as: "drink good wine in the first month, and every family has bacon"; "In the twelfth month, in front of the grave"; "On June 6th, Gu Zaohui, a girl came home"; "In July and a half, we meet our ancestors, and every household sprinkles porridge".

Fitness and disease prevention: such as: "chew slowly, drink slowly"; "Too much wine hurts the body, and anger hurts the body"; "Take a hundred steps after a meal and live to ninety-nine"; "If you are unclean, you will get sick"; "Don't worry, you can live a long life"; Don't talk, don't laugh, don't die.

In addition, there are some such as: "Go out and shout"; "No food, no wine, no heart and no song"; "gongs and drums do not leave the country, and each has its own cavity"; "If you don't go out and die of old age, everything is Dont Ask For Help"; "Better die in the soil than leave it"; Dialects and proverbs reflect the closed and self-sufficient mentality of mountain people, and often play a negative role in the development of commodity economy. According to the old custom of marriage in China, marriage between men and women generally follows "the orders of parents and the words of matchmakers". Its program is generally:?

Propose marriage Matchmaker's proposal is also called "matchmaking". After the marriage proposal, the parents of both sides get to know each other, and then ask the teacher of Yin and Yang or Mr. Mao Mu to check that both men and women are innocent. After the five elements of fortune telling and marriage, the man chooses an auspicious day to invite the matchmaker to the woman's house to "pass on Cambodia", commonly known as "send books", which is engagement. Because of the shackles of feudal ethics, such as men are superior to women, men and women are different, and men and women are not allowed to meet before marriage, which is arranged by their parents. Marriage between men and women is "resigned". Therefore, there is a saying that "marry a chicken with a chicken and marry a dog with a dog". ? Send books. Also called "engagement". After both parties confirm their marriage, the man prepares "bride price" (clothes, jewelry, cash, etc. ) for the woman. And write down the age of men and women, parents' names and matchmaker's names on the "book", and each party holds one as the basis for marriage. Also known as "Chuan Cambodia" or "Guo Hong". ?

Send the day. According to the fate of both men and women, determine the date of marriage and inform the woman, which is "sending the day." Write down the items and quantity of the bride's dowry, the general situation of the escort, the route of the escort team, the date and stopping place of the escort, the orientation of getting on and off the sedan chair, and the zodiac signs of both men and women, and notify their relatives and friends respectively. Relatives and friends will give each other gifts. The man calls it "gift giving" and the woman calls it "box filling". ? Get married. Commonly known as "marrying a wife." Two days before the wedding, the man asked the two of them to move the food box and the clothes worn by the bride to the woman's house. This is called "makeup promotion". In order to show that the wedding day is coming, we should get married on time. On the wedding day, the man posted couplets and "Double Happiness" and hosted a banquet. The bride must go out in the morning, and relatives and friends of the bride will carry a "flower pole" for the man, accompanied by a wedding procession and a drum band. The bride wears a wedding dress, a corolla and a "cute red head". On the same day, after getting off the sedan chair according to the instructions of the Western God, the two married brides invited by the man will enter the house, which is called "going through the door". Before the bride and groom arrive at the monument to heaven and earth, they worship heaven and earth, parents, relatives and friends before entering the bridal chamber. Then there is the "noisy room". In the evening, the bride and groom eat "noodles of sympathy" and drink "wedding banquet". The next morning, I visited my in-laws, then my relatives and elders, and went to Zulin to sweep the grave after breakfast. Three days later, according to the date agreed by both parties, the bride and groom went back to their parents' home to meet their elders.

After the founding of New China, the state promulgated the Marriage Law, and the marriage between men and women gradually embarked on the legal track of free love and independent marriage, replacing the old custom of arranged marriage by parents in the past, and the majority of women got rid of the feudal ethical code that men are superior to women and achieved equality between men and women. ?

In the form of marriage custom, this custom has also been changed. Most men and women get married by bowing to their parents, bowing to each other, bowing to the witnesses, officiators and guests, rather than worshipping heaven and earth; Traveling to other places together for honeymoon is called "travel marriage", which replaces the procedure of entering the bridal chamber, sitting on the bed and having trouble; Some are hosted by village cadres or organized by units, holding collective weddings, where newlyweds wear red flowers, leaders send congratulatory messages, newlyweds' representatives speak, and then divide candy and cigarettes, which is both lively and frugal. National staff get married on commemorative festivals or holidays. ?

The dowry prepared by young men and women when they get married is mostly organized by both men and women in rural areas; The wedding items purchased by the woman's family are called "dowry" or "dowry"; Furniture bought by young people in cities and towns is generally arranged by both men and women through consultation and shared by them. On the wedding day, the dowry and bride are mostly carried on their shoulders, or sent to the man's house by tractor and car. The woman's family chose two people as "Fujian", while the man entertained relatives and friends and held a simple wedding. Some brides come to the man's house by car or bike, and the man invites close relatives and friends to hold a banquet to celebrate, which is more convenient for the ceremony. In the middle and late 1980s, etiquette tended to return to complexity, emphasizing bride price, ostentation and extravagance, big banquets for guests and friends, and big gifts of "lucky money". The wind of extravagance and waste is increasing day by day, and some of them encounter difficulties in their marriage life because of lack of financial resources or borrowing foreign debts. Some people from poor families adopt the method of "changing relatives" and "changing relatives", which leads to disharmony after marriage or suicide tragedy.

Widowed women are called widows. In the old society, widows did not marry, which was called "chastity". Widows are not allowed to remarry. If you remarry, your in-laws will be regarded as "unfilial" and your neighbors will be denounced as "immoral". Remarried families objected, but their in-laws stopped them, and some had to run away alone. After leaving, the husband's family burned the straw with a torch, which means burning "Sangmenxing". Widows' remarriage is now protected by national laws, and there is no discrimination against widows' remarriage in rural areas. Older women are often interfered by their children and relatives when they remarry. ?

In the old society, burial was a common practice in funeral customs. Generally, there are many procedures, such as funeral, funeral, funeral, Dai Xiao, soup, travelling expenses, funeral, paper thanks, burial and the seventh ceremony. ?

People who are close to death, put them in shroud, then move to the spiritual bed in front of the room and die with their eyes closed. At this time, the children will burn a piece of clothing or several bundles of straw or paper tied horses that the deceased passed by on the slope, and point out the way to the west. This is called "head-dropping"; Inform the next of kin afterwards, which is called "mourning"; After the relatives saved the capacity, the children of relatives washed the customs for the deceased, put the deceased in a coffin, called "burial", and erected pine and cypress branches at the gate with notes on them; The relatives of Pima Dai Xiao, the younger generation of the deceased, kept vigil for the deceased for three days and three nights, known as "Dai Xiao"; Burning paper incense for the deceased in the nearby land temple (or the memorial tablet of the land god), with the eldest son leading the way, burning paper-bound cattle and horses and some paper labels in front of the land temple, which is called "sending soup" and "sending travelling expenses"; On the third day before the funeral, the children opened the coffin, wiped their faces with water, and then carried it out of the mourning hall, put it on the coffin carrier and tied it up. The coffin bearer shouted "get up", and the eldest son immediately put the clay basin prepared in front of the coffin, commonly known as "throwing basin" or "waking basin", in front of the coffin bearer with Mr. Yin and Yang. After that, the children carried the earth to build a grave and bowed down to the rear. The whole process from "wiping face" to "burying" is called "funeral". After the funeral, the dutiful son went to the street and kowtowed to the neighbor who sent the paper money, saying "thank you paper". In the early morning after the funeral, the children went to the cemetery to rebuild the grave, commonly known as the "round grave", followed by a hundred-day grave, and relatives of their children went to the grave to burn paper incense to show their mourning. After that, every year on the anniversary (the day of the death of the deceased), the main relatives brought sacrifices and paper money to the memorial tomb for three consecutive memorial days, and then only the descendants went to the grave to pay homage. ?

After the funeral, children wear plain clothes and avoid colourful clothes. The brim, collar, belt, shoes and socks are all white, which is called "mourning". The length of mourning depends on the relationship with the deceased. Filial piety is divided into three years, two years, one year, six months and three months. For example, biological children wear mourning clothes for three years, relatives and nephews wear mourning clothes for two years, and other intimate relationships are analogized. In addition, the families of the deceased will not post couplets during the Spring Festival for three years. ?

After the founding of New China, the Party and the government have carried out long-term publicity and education to oppose and get rid of superstitions, and the old funeral customs in the town have changed greatly, but the old funeral customs that have been formed for a long time have not been completely shaken off, and some people still insist on the old folk funeral customs. In 2003, some villages in the town carried out funeral reform and cremation. Due to the inconvenient transportation in mountainous areas, it was cancelled in less than one year. Now the town is still dominated by burial. Even though some retired employees of government agencies and institutions were cremated after death for defrauding the burial expenses needed by the state, most of them were cremated and reburied, but the funeral ceremony has been simplified. Production customs. Since ancient times, domestic residents have given priority to agriculture and advocated diligence and thrift. Due to the traffic congestion and the shackles of livelihood economy, farmers are generally male farmers and female managers. After the founding of New China, with the improvement of productivity and the development of commodity economy, rural women changed their customs and gradually liberated from housework, and more and more people engaged in agricultural labor and commerce. ?

In the old society, the pace of agricultural production was slow and the production was single. Farmers work at sunrise and rest at sunset. A year is divided into several busy farming links, such as spring ploughing, summer hoeing, summer sowing, autumn harvest and winter storage. Especially autumn is the busiest harvest, and there is a saying that "three springs are not as good as one autumn". In the middle of October of the lunar calendar, the grain, grass and firewood are harvested, and then they enter the winter leisure. In the busy farming season, go to the fields before sunrise and call it a day after sunset. Have breakfast and lunch in the wild. When the wheat harvest is always heavy, the weather is hot, accompanied by wind and rain, so the wheat harvest has the habit of grabbing the harvest. After the wheat harvest, sowing soil for the sun is called "Red May". The end of summer hoeing is the beginning of autumn harvest and autumn planting, which is to prepare for autumn harvest and autumn planting. During the "autumnal equinox" season, autumn harvest and autumn planting reach a climax. Harvest corn first, then rice, and then plow and hoe spring sowing crops such as potatoes. Every household has no idle people, and they have to transport crops at night and even watch the fields for the night. ?

In the past, due to the low agricultural productivity and backward production tools, there was nothing to do with all kinds of natural disasters, so we had to rely on the weather to eat, and the output was low and unstable. After the founding of New China, the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters has gradually increased, and scientific farming has gradually become a trend. The output and quality of crops have been continuously improved, and the planting structure has been reasonably adjusted. With the continuous innovation of production and transportation tools, tractors, threshers and other agricultural machinery have been widely used, greatly reducing the labor intensity of farmers, further improving agricultural productivity and greatly improving traditional production customs. ?

Local residents not only engage in agriculture, but also pay attention to the development of forestry. The total forestland area of the town is nearly 40,000 mu, especially in the crossbeam forest area, with dense forests and the largest timber output. People in forest areas are known as "relying on mountains to eat mountains and relying on water to eat water". After entering the new century, with the construction of bamboo and wood production base, the commercial forest and public welfare forest in the town have developed to varying degrees, and the economic benefits have been significantly improved. At the same time, the territory also attaches great importance to the development of animal husbandry, mainly pigs, sheep, cattle, rabbits and so on. The traditional way of raising pigs and rabbits is captivity, and cattle and sheep are stocked.

At the beginning of the reform and opening up in the 1980s, under the guidance of higher authorities, the town began to plant mulberry and raise silkworms in a planned way. By the middle and late 1990s, the area of mulberry fields remained at about 1 10,000 mu, and farmers sold more than 7,500 tons of cocoons every year, so sericulture production became one of the important industries to increase farmers' income. Because sericulture production is greatly influenced by climatic conditions, farmers' labor expenditure on sericulture is concentrated at 4- 10 every year, which is mainly divided into three seasons: spring silkworm, summer silkworm and autumn silkworm, among which spring silkworm has the best quality and the best price. Due to market reasons, the self-built silk factory in this town closed down in the 1990s due to poor management. In addition, due to the aging of mulberry fields and low labor productivity, farmers' sericulture income has been affected, and cocoon production has gradually declined. But so far, sericulture production is still one of the important projects for local farmers to increase their income and get rich.

Living customs. From the three historical stages of old and new China and after the reform and opening up, the living customs of the residents in this town have their own traditions and continuity to a certain extent, and some changes have taken place with the gradual improvement of living standards.

In the past, coarse grains such as corn and sweet potato were the main foods of domestic residents, and only wealthy families would eat more flour and rice. Residents' tastes are mainly salty, spicy, sour and sweet, mainly fish, with little difference from place to place. In the old society, farmers ate more pickles, or chopped all kinds of coarse vegetables and cooked "small tofu" in soybean milk or coarse soybean powder. Poor families only cooked pasta with meat on traditional festivals or when they had guests. According to family conditions, meals and dishes should be rich to show whether the host is warm and hospitable. ?

Since 1980s, with the development of production and the adjustment of agricultural planting structure, the proportion of coarse grains has been decreasing, people's living standards have been improving, and three meals a day has become a habit. In recent years, the staple food of the whole town residents is mostly flour and rice, and the vegetables they often eat are potatoes, cabbages, radishes, spinach, leeks, cucumbers, eggplant and tomatoes. Meat, poultry, eggs and fish have also entered the ranks of most family foods. Miscellaneous grains, pickles and small tofu have become traditional snacks to adjust the taste. The consumption of local canned products such as walnuts, chestnuts, peaches, plums, bananas, oranges, longan and high-grade foods such as cakes has greatly increased, and many teenagers and the elderly have developed the habit of eating fruits after meals. ?

In China, ordinary people usually only drink boiled water. In hot summer and busy autumn, they drink more rice soup cooked with a small amount of mung beans or millet, so some people call it "drinking soup". In the early years, tea was only served to guests or wealthy families. In recent years, residents in this area have developed the custom of entertaining guests with tea, and some families with higher incomes, all kinds of cold drinks and low-alcohol drinks have begun to become family drinks. ?

Clothing The clothing concept of Chinese residents is influenced by national habits. In the old days, farmers often had their own hand-woven cotton coarse cloth clothes, and the colors were mostly black, blue or batik blue calico. The styles are all traditional coats and jackets in China, which are loose and fat and easy to put on and take off. A few wealthy families have silk and fur, and there is a saying that "food, clothing, housing and transportation, measuring property". With the development of economy, people's horizons are constantly broadened, and the concepts of seeking novelty, beauty and fashion are gradually formed. The materials, styles and colors of clothing are increasingly novel and prosperous, and they are developing towards middle and high grade. People generally no longer make and wear their own clothes, but mostly buy materials, process or buy clothes. In addition to the traditional pure cotton cloth and silk, all kinds of chemical fiber and blended fabrics are deeply loved by urban and rural residents, while medium and high-grade materials such as hemp, wool, down, fur and artificial leather are deeply favored by young men and women. Styles, traditional Chinese tops and various uniforms, domes, round cloth shoes, etc. Old people in rural areas and towns still wear them, while old-fashioned straight crotch pants, cotton gowns, felt hats, cloth socks, embroidered shoes, shallow shoes, oil shoes, straw sandals, etc. It has been eliminated in towns and most rural areas. In recent years, young men and women who live in market towns or go out to work in rural areas have become increasingly fashionable, and the pace of clothing style upgrading has obviously accelerated. Even the white handkerchiefs that the rural elderly used to wear on their heads have been replaced by more convenient and warmer hats, and traditional clothing has basically disappeared. ?

In the old society, most residents in China slept on wooden beds. Generally speaking, they have three tables, cabinets, wooden boxes, square stools, benches and wooden beds (or heatable adobe sleeping platform) at home. There are square tables, plush chairs, cabinets, suitcases, coffee tables, bars, top beds and so on. In recent years, the old-fashioned furniture of newly married families in urban and rural areas has been eliminated, and richer families have replaced combined cabinets, desks, high and low cabinets, multi-purpose cabinets, sofas, folding chairs, swivel chairs, Simmons beds and so on. Television, refrigerator, washing machine, liquefier furnace, etc. Also entered the ordinary family. Most of the old-fashioned furniture has been disposed of, and the old-fashioned furniture and old wooden beds in rural areas are well preserved and even bought as collectibles. ?

Rural residents cook mainly by burning firewood and orange stalks, and cooking utensils and appliances are mainly bamboo, wood, iron, ceramics, enamel and a small amount of glass products, plastic products and aluminum products. In addition to firewood, honeycomb briquette and liquefied gas, new cookers such as electric cookers and induction cookers have also gained popularity. By the end of the rural power grid transformation in Liangshan District, 0/00% of the people in the town/kloc-used electric lights for lighting. ?

In the old society, ordinary farmers had no heating equipment, and sometimes they lit firewood to temporarily drive away the cold and keep warm. Old people are used to using "cupping" to keep warm, while wealthy families are used to baking children or burning charcoal to keep warm. In recent years, with the improvement of home environment, most market town residents and some wealthy peasant families use electric heaters to keep warm, and all kinds of cold and warm air conditioners have also entered the ranks of consumer goods in Jiangchi. ?

Entertainment equipment, in the old society, domestic culture was relatively backward. Only some big villages have percussion instruments such as drums, gongs and cymbals, while artists in the Republic of China have wind instruments such as suona, sheng, bagpipes and trombone. During the Republic of China, some rich people had phonographs. After the founding of New China, electron tube recorders and semiconductor recorders gradually increased. In 1980s, some residents began to buy black and white TV sets. After 90' s, TV sets have entered thousands of households. By the end of 2005, black-and-white TV sets had been basically eliminated, and there were 3,500 color TV sets in the town, with an average of one TV set per 1.35 households. ?

In the residential houses of houses and courtyards, the old customs are mostly traditional quadrangles. Generally, there are three or five rooms in the north house, facing south, which is the upper house and is lived by elders; There are two houses in the east and west, which are lower than the north house, and the younger generation lives or is used as a warehouse; One or two rooms in the south house are generally not living rooms, and more farm tools or firewood are placed; The fence is located in the southeast corner or southwest corner, used for raising poultry and as a toilet; The gate is connected with the south courtyard or the gable of the south courtyard is opened in the southwest corner or southeast corner, and the courtyard has a shadow wall facing the gate. Most of the roofs are covered with straw or grass. The Pingba area of Laowu is mostly civil structure, and the mountainous area is mostly wood and stone structure. According to the difference between soil and stone, there are many ways to build houses, such as ramming soil, piling mud, adobe and stone walls. Most of the houses of rich people are brick-wood structures with white walls and gray tiles. Most quadrangles have large families, which runs in the family.

After the founding of New China, rural housing conditions have not improved much for a long time. Even because of the increasing population, farmers' housing was once quite tight, and various disputes were often caused by the juxtaposition of houses and the struggle for homestead. Housing maintenance can't keep up with demand, and the quality of living environment is poor.

Since the reform and opening up, people have been rebuilding old houses or building new ones, and newlyweds are often separated from their parents. At the same time, the state implements the family planning policy, and the average family consists of three to four people. Coupled with economic development, family income has increased, and housing is spacious and bright, beautiful and practical. Traditional quadrangles are mostly eliminated. New houses are generally planned by towns and villages. Most of them are brick and wood cement structures with white or blue-gray walls. The roof is covered with blue tiles or prefabricated panels and used as a solar dam. There are usually two or three rooms, one on the first floor, one on the ground floor, or more. One or two wing rooms are built next to the main house as kitchen toilets, adjacent to the livestock and poultry pens. Most of the residential buildings in the market town are low-rise facade houses, high-rise suites and commercial and residential purposes. ? In the past, the traffic in China was blocked and farmers often went out on foot. Old people go out, younger people greet them with trolleys, rich people ride donkeys and horses, and some take carriages. After the founding of New China, bridges and roads were built, and bicycles began to exist. In the 1980s, residents went to market towns by bike or by shuttle bus. After 1990s, with the continuous extension of rural highway construction, Qingqi and motorcycles are increasing. Some families buy minibuses for passengers and personal use, and a few wealthy families buy cars.

A woman giving birth to a child is called "Tian Fu" in China. There used to be a lot of pressure, but now with the acceleration of people's pace of life, only the habit of holding full moon wine has been retained.

Birthday is also called "birthday" or "birthday". In the period of economic poverty, birthday gifts in rural areas are generally machine-made noodles or dried noodles, which are called "birthday noodles". In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, birthday gifts have become more and more expensive, and the trend of celebrating birthdays has expanded to young and middle-aged children. Some boys celebrate their birthdays as many times as the elderly. ? When building a new house, residents who have moved into the new house should stick red couplets on the doorframes, window frames, purlins and roof beams, and write the words "Everyone will pass by from now on, saying it is good to have a safety door", "Safety door", "Safety window" and "Good beam". Some people set off firecrackers for good luck. At the time of foundation laying, beam erection and completion, artisans and helpers were given banquets respectively, and the completed banquet was the most grand, which was called "finished wine". During the construction period, relatives and friends should prepare gifts to show "assistance". ?

When residents move into new houses, relatives and friends will get together to prepare gifts to congratulate them. The host will hold a banquet, invite new neighbors to accompany the wine to congratulate, and wish the family all the best and the neighborhood is harmonious. In recent years, congratulations on housewarming are common in both urban and rural areas, especially in market towns.

In the old days, domestic businesses opened or changed their faces, inviting peers, relatives and friends to support the opening, in order to create influence and intend to prosper. The host family treated each other with courtesy and prepared a banquet. In recent years, congratulations on the opening of the business have prevailed and become more and more extravagant. ?

Other customs. In the old customs, if people go out on happy occasions, such as appointing an overseas office, winning an exam or being hired as husbands by a foreign family, they should inform their relatives and friends, invite them to visit one day and prepare a banquet for them. Invited guests must have gifts to congratulate them. If the newcomer is an elder, he should be reminded in many ways to show his upbringing. At present, the wind of seeing off has been extended to the promotion and transfer of cadres and workers, college enrollment, people's enlistment and other aspects, and the scale of seeing off is becoming more and more grand. Fashion: In recent years, with the development and change of society, some advanced production and life styles and new ideas in rural areas have become a fashion.

Because Jiangchi is close to Shizhu, before the 1990s, more than 80% of the local population belonged to Tujia people. However, at present, the residents of this town have been separated from the dependence of traditional Tujia culture on land, and it has become fashionable for rural surplus laborers to go out to work to earn money, which has promoted the development of local economy.

It has changed the traditional mode that marriage depends on "parents' orders and matchmakers' words", and free love marriage has become fashionable. Divorce after marriage is a natural thing.

With the rapid development of country bands, they can not only entertain themselves and improve the artistic accomplishment of the masses, but also serve the needs of policy propaganda, sell cultural products to the outside world and obtain remarkable economic benefits.

Taboos: There are many taboos about life, production, etiquette and communication in China. Mainly:

During the Spring Festival, people will make tofu, steamed stuffed buns and make jiaozi. Don't say unlucky words such as "finished", "broken" and "broken", which will make the coming year not smooth; On New Year's Eve, don't make any noise, beat and scold children, throw water into the yard, break utensils or destroy furniture, do all the work and visit relatives.

Don't go far away on Lunar New Year's Day, especially don't hold a wedding; Seven don't go out to eight, and go in and out of a lot every nine; Anyone who starts to build a house or go out to work takes the zodiac as an auspicious day and calls it Geely;

When getting married, avoid asking pregnant women, widows and people in mourning to help or greet new people; Go out and look for a job, don't say anything, for fear that things outside will not go well; Maternal women are not allowed to go to other people's homes before the full moon, and they are also prohibited from going to their own homes; Children don't shave their heads in the first month. There is a saying that shaving their heads in the first month can prevent their uncles from dying. Old people who live to be 100 dare not say that they are only 99 years old, and dare not say that "those who live to be 100 years old will die"; Middle-aged people should avoid soaking in wine for all 10 years to avoid "bad luck" in the birth year;

The gate is facing the gable or other obstacles, indicating that it is difficult to "touch" when going out; Married prostitutes should avoid giving birth at their parents' home and stay at their parents' home after quitting the kitchen, otherwise the family population will not be prosperous; Old people visit relatives or friends to avoid staying for a long time. There is a saying that "seventy don't stay overnight, eighty don't stay overnight"; Avoid visiting the elderly or patients in the afternoon, because the subject is uncomfortable or the condition is aggravated;

When pouring wine and tea, avoid sticking the neck of the pot or shaking it back and forth, which means "sticking the neck" and is disrespectful to the guests; It is disrespectful to add soup to a big meal. Borrow a casserole to boil medicine, but only borrow it, and the owner will take it when he uses it. The main forms of entertainment for local residents are chatting, playing chess, playing cards (including mahjong), fishing, singing and dancing, watching TV and movies. There are four kinds of leisure places: one is rural families, mainly chatting with guests, playing cards (mahjong) or watching TV with their families; Second, rural courtyard dams and street teahouses are mainly for chatting, playing chess and playing cards (mahjong). The difference lies in whether there is tea and whether there is tea money; Third, professional leisure places, such as Jiangchi KTV, Liang Heng Li Shan American People's Commune and other business places, can sing and dance and carry out entertainment activities such as playing cards and chess; Fourth, the surrounding areas of Longhe Reservoir and various toll fish ponds can be used for fishing. In recent years, with the development of "going to the countryside" activities in science, technology, culture and law, rural films popular in 1970s and 1980s are often shown in rural areas, further enriching farmers' cultural and entertainment life.