Who knows about Mark Twain [an American writer]

Mark Twain (1835～1910) American writer. Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Born in Missouri on November 30, 1835, died in Connecticut on April 21, 1910. Mark Twain is the founder of American critical realism literature and a world-famous master of short stories. Mark Twain is known as "Lincoln in American literature" and "the most native American writer". He experienced the development process of the United States from "liberal" capitalism to imperialism, and his thoughts and creations also showed a development stage from light ridicule to bitter satire to pessimism and world-weariness. His family was poor when he was young. When he was 12 years old, he dropped out of school due to his father's death and began to work as an apprentice in a printing house. When he was a little older, he went out to find work. When he was 21 years old, he became very interested in the life of a pilot on a ship and decided to learn from his master. Four years as a pilot on the Mississippi River made him familiar with all kinds of people. This experience provided a lot of material for his future creations. His pen name Mark Twain was taken from the life of a boatman: mark is "mark" and twain is "two fathoms (12 feet)". "Two fathoms" indicates that it is still a safe water level. In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, he followed his brother to Nevada. He was first involved in the mining craze, and then went to work in a newspaper office, whereupon he began his creative career. In the 1860s and 1870s, Mark Twain published approximately 70 humorous short stories, most of which were sketches. Their main characteristics are extreme exaggeration, humor and comedy. The protagonist is often naive and honest, has simple thoughts, has a set of preconceived ideas, and ends up running into obstacles everywhere. His famous work "The Famous Leaping Frog of Calaveras County" and his famous novels "Running for Governor" and "The Mysterious Visit" are all written in this way. In some works, humor contains satire, such as "Running for Governor", "The Story of the Bad Boy", "The Story of the Good Boy", etc. The author explains that "humor is just a sideshow" and "humor for humor's sake cannot last forever." His humor comes from a serious creative purpose. During this period, the social phenomena he satirized included: racial discrimination, the turmoil in the press, speculative psychology, and social moral dislocation and hypocrisy. After Mark Twain arrived in the East in the late 1960s, he published three novels: "The Idiot Abroad", "Hard Times" and "The Gilded Age". "The Idiot Abroad" is a collection of correspondence, which is Mark Twain's report on his trip to Europe. It writes about the travel experiences of naive and ignorant Americans in Europe. It is funny and humorous, showing Americans' sense of superiority in the face of European feudal society and its imprint. "Hard Life" is a memoir about the author's prospecting experience in Nevada. There are many fictional elements in it. The hard life of gold mining is written vividly and steamingly. Some exaggerated and funny stories express Mark Twain's emotions. Comedy talent. "The Gilded Age" is a novel he co-wrote with his neighbor and writer Charles Warner, which aims to satirize the crazy social speculation at that time. The characters in the novel include entrepreneurs, politicians, farmers and ordinary citizens. The author tells us through artistic images: In that era of capitalist free competition, it was speculators, entrepreneurs and politicians who gained a lot of wealth. Little people were always dreaming, just like Colonel Sellers, who dreamed of getting rich one after another. , but "only cold water and raw radishes were seen" on the table. In the early 1970s, Mark Twain married Olivia Langdon, the daughter of a wealthy businessman, and settled in Hartford, Massachusetts. "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", "On the Mississippi" and "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" were written during this period of stable life. "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" describes the life of young children pursuing novelty and adventure. Little Tom hates the dull and boring small town life, including the hypocrisy and rigidity of Sunday school, the old-fashioned habits of small townspeople, and the same old sermons and speeches... He and his friends went to the island to "adventure", blending in with nature, showing the youthful spirit The lively childishness of children. "On the Mississippi River" recalls the author's life on the water. The real stories of river scenery, shipping experiences, and the death of a younger brother are full of poetry and a strong lyrical atmosphere. The book writes that the organization and struggles of the Pilots Association are valuable historical materials of the American labor movement in the 19th century. "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" is Mark Twain's masterpiece and a masterpiece of American literature. The novel continues the content of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", and the protagonist is replaced by Tom's friend Huck, the son of a poor white man. He was afraid of being beaten up by his drunken father and could not stand the strict rules of his protector, so he ran away from home and met Jim, a black slave, on the way. The two fled along the Mississippi River on a raft to find a free state. Although Huck is uneducated and loves to lie, he is kind-hearted, fun-loving and compassionate. Jim takes care of Huck along the way, and Huck helps Jim hide. Huck has lived in a slave state for a long time, and he is often restrained by popular racial discrimination concepts. The closer they get to the Free State, the more acute Huck's inner conflict becomes. At that time, the laws of slave states stipulated that it was a crime to help a black slave escape, so he decided to write a letter to Jim's owner to report. But when he thought of Jim's desire for freedom, fearlessness in the face of danger, and self-sacrifice for others, Huck felt embarrassed, and finally tore up the letter. Huck's actions reflect the author's democratic ideals of freedom and equality. The book also describes many aspects of social life before the Civil War and creates many characters. The novel is written purely in American colloquial language, creating a tradition of American literary colloquialism.

Beginning in the late 1980s, Mark Twain's works include: "A Connecticut American at the Court of King Arthur", which uses absurd plots to criticize the British feudal system; "Idiot Wilson", which uses cleverly misplaced stories to satirize American racial discrimination; and praises French national women. The heroic "Randak", and "The Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg" which profoundly analyzes the corrosive effect of money and exposes the hypocrisy of the upper class. In the 1980s, Mark Twain organized a publishing company and invested in the trial production project of a new typesetting machine. Both efforts failed, leaving Mark Twain bankrupt. In 1891, he moved to Europe and gave lectures around the world to repay his debts. Returned to China in 1900. During this period, he published a long work such as "A Journey Around the Equator". At the beginning of the 20th century, Mark Twain published a series of anti-imperialist treatises: "Lynching the United States", "For Those Born in Darkness", "In Defense of General Funston", "War Prayer", etc. In these papers, the authors accused imperialism of aggressive acts and sympathized with and supported the struggles of the colonial people. As the author's understanding of social reality deepened, his humor style gradually changed from comedy to satire, and his cheerful and lively mood gradually turned into melancholy and indignation. This was especially obvious in his later anti-imperialist political treatises. Works such as "What is Human" and "No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger" also reveal the pessimism that life is like a dream. He had a long literary career and published many works.

Rough classification of works: Short stories: debut novel "The Playboy Who Startled the Colonists", "Millions of Pounds", "Running for Governor", "Goldsmith's Friend Goes Abroad Again", "The Famous Jumping Frog of Calaveras County", " "A Chronicle of the Crimes at Connecticut's Recent Carnival"; Medium novels: "The Man Who Destroyed Hedleyburg", "A Difficult Journey"; Long Stories: "A Fool's Travels Abroad", "The Gilded Age", "Tom Sawyer" "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn", "The Prince and the Pauper", "Life on the Mississippi", "Idiot Wilson", "A Yankee in Arthur's Connecticut", " Ran Darke" Detective Tom Sawyer" Travel notes: "Foreign Travel Notes", "Travel Notes on the Equator" Script: "A Star" Memoir: "Memoirs of Grant"

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