How is Xidihong Village protected and developed?

On October 3th, 2, Hongcun at the foot of Huangshan Mountain became famous overnight. UNESCO awarded it and the neighboring Xidi Village the title of "World Cultural Heritage".

But strange things happened in Hongcun: during the tourist season, villagers openly used carriages to stop tourists, and even painted walls with cow and horse manure to drive them away; The ancient houses are not maintained and crumbling; Tourists spend 3 yuan to buy tickets, but they can only visit two houses.

Not only that, 736 villagers recently brought the yi county county government where the village is located to court, claiming that the county government violated their property rights.

due to the entanglement between the property rights and management rights of the village's tourism resources, Hongcun's development path has been crooked.

begging with a golden rice bowl

Hongcun was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty. The existing residential houses and scenic spots were built in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, led by Wang Siqi, the ancestor of Hongcun, and his family, and passed down from generation to generation. Of the existing 138 ancient dwellings, 136 are privately owned by villagers.

Hongcun has hidden its beautiful scenery in the mountains for 5 years. Nowadays, the world economy is surging outside, but Hongcun is still poor.

Hongcun people have a dream-"Hongcun ancestors built Hongcun, and now Hongcun people want to travel and introduce Hongcun to the world". And now this dream has become their bitter history.

in p>1985, Chengzhitang, an "official residence" in Hongcun, was opened to tourists in the name of a scenic spot of the county tourism bureau. According to Hongcun people, the tickets were collected for 1 years, but the villagers didn't get a penny.

Since 1994, two village chiefs in Hongcun have reported to the county three times asking for village tourism, but there is no reply. It is said that at that time, the county leaders thought that "the quality of farmers was low and they could not operate."

In contrast, Xidi Village, which is 15 kilometers away from Hongcun Village, set up a shed to collect tickets under the leadership of Tang Maolin, the "capable village head", and later set up a village-run company. Yi county Tourism Bureau once tried to collect Xidi's tourism development rights. It is said that the village chief Tang had a fight with the deputy director of the county tourism bureau and saved the company.

Hongcun people, who were ridiculed as "honest", are still waiting for the above instructions, which have never come down.

in June, 1996, Hongcun people finally registered a tourism development company, and after paying the 3, yuan contract deposit to the town government, they got the right to tourism development. Wang Qingping, a retired cadre in the village, became the general manager of the company. But Wang wouldn't let the village audit. A year later, everyone in the village got 1 yuan's money.

No one knows how much money Wan Qingping earned in Hongcun tourism. The villagers only saw that Wang Qingping built the best two-story villa in the village after finishing the one-year contract, and the house was full of ancient calligraphy and painting.

The betrayed village

The county government saw that tourism in the village did not become a climate, and it moved the year of attracting investment. So the county government made a decision to sell Hongcun's 3-year development right to Beijing Jingxi Company, with a guaranteed capital of 17, yuan per year. 95% of the annual ticket income goes to the company, 4% to the town and 1% to the village.

This is a contract that the villagers didn't know. Wang Juyuan and Wang Xinhai, two natural village chiefs in Hongcun, told reporters: Not only did we not know it beforehand, but we didn't tell it afterwards. Even the contract was discovered only after we asked someone to steal it and copy it.

At that time, Beijing Mian Company asked the county government and the town government if they wanted to sign a contract with the village. They got the answer: "We have the final say on what happens in the village, just sign it with the town in the county. What happens to farmers is our internal affair, not your enterprise".

Professor Wu Bihu, director of the Peking University Tourism Development and Planning Research Center and an expert of the World Tourism Organization, said: "The tourism resources of Hongcun are mainly ancient dwellings, and 16 of the 138 dwellings are private, and the lakes and water systems belong to the village. The property rights are not owned by the county government and the town government, so they can't make decisions. It doesn't take the lion's share because of the investment in building a parking lot, because Hongcun doesn't build a parking lot and people take photos; Without the ancient houses, with the parking lot, people will not come. According to international practice, the proportion of local people should exceed 51%, and the distribution of Hongcun is obviously unfair. "

Zhu Mang, an expert in administrative law at East China University of Political Science and Law, said:" This contract is obviously infringing, and both parties to the contract have no right to dispose of the assets of the third party. The property right of the ancient houses in Hongcun belongs to the village, so the company should sign a contract with the village and every household. It is a common mistake for local government agencies to confuse management right with ownership. "

Hongcun villagers can't tell the truth, but they have a truth:" The government should be a matchmaker instead of a bride when attracting investment. Now the local government not only arranges the marriage itself, but also dives into the bridal chamber. "

Insider of Cooperation

According to an insider, the cooperation agreement between the county government and Jingxi Company is actually" bundled ",and Jingxi Company promises to cover the 3-year lease right of Zhongcheng Mountain Villa, and bear the capital construction debt of the villa of 1.2 million yuan, the salary of 45 people, and promise to transform it.

The "Midtown Villa" is the original guest house of the county government, and it is a project funded by the county government. In the words of a deputy county magistrate, "Midtown Villa is the heart disease of the county government. Huge debts and wages are a big burden. I had the biggest headache when I was the director of the county office. "

Zhao Bo, the vice president of Jing Yi Company, said:" Taking over Midtown Villa is a prerequisite for investment in yi county. "

jingyi company has successively invested more than 6 million yuan in zhongcheng villa, and accordingly, jingyi company has obtained the preferential development rights of Hongcun, Nanping and Guanlu. "This is for the benefit of the county," commented a villager.

In the eyes of the villagers, Beijing Mian Company "gains more and invests less"; In the first year of development, Jingxi Company promised to carry out 16 major projects in Hongcun within three years, with an investment of 86, yuan; And three years later, Jing Miao Company only engaged in six projects in Hongcun, with an amount of 28, yuan.

the investment of 15 million yuan in the ancient paifang group and the Huishang Museum promised by the contract of Jingmian Company has not been seen so far.

What makes Hongcun people feel uncomfortable is that Xidi Village, which is also rated as a world cultural heritage with Hongcun, has invested 4.5 million yuan in the village to install tap water and gas for every villager because of the clear property rights of the village-run tourism company. Every villager receives not only 3 yuan's bonus a year, but also a maintenance bonus of 1, to 2, yuan per household. The per capita annual income of villagers in Xidi Village exceeds 5, yuan.

deteriorating ecology

the villagers think that the "marriage" arranged by the government is not happy, so they will resist.

In 2, when the ticket revenue was 1.23 million yuan, the villagers only got 7, yuan, each with 7 yuan. The villagers were unable to benefit from tourism and lost their original employment opportunities. All the original tour guides in the village were dismissed, and nearly 1 young people had to work in other provinces. The villagers said that they were "begging for food with a golden rice bowl". Hongcun's per capita income is only 15 yuan. They naturally regard the travel company as a predator.

In p>2, angry villagers used wagons to stop tourists, even painted walls with cow and horse manure, refused to let the houses be visited by tourists, and claimed the shooting fee from tourists.

jingyi company also has a hard time saying: "each of our managers has been beaten by local people. "

However, at present, the most urgent thing in Hongcun is the maintenance of ancient dwellings. The property rights of ancient dwellings are in the hands of villagers who are not satisfied with their hearts. They said, "Why do we need to maintain them? Let others make money after maintenance. "

What's more difficult is that Hongcun has not received the maintenance fee of ancient houses from Beijing Mian Company and the town for four years.

The person in charge in yi county said this was a fact, and explained, "The company must take out 2% of the tickets as the protection fund for ancient houses. We have already returned all the protection funds paid by Jingmian Company in the previous two years, which should be repaired by this company. "

Zhao Bo, a company in Beijing, said:" A company should consider the issue from the perspective of profit. We did not spend money on ancient houses, but we spent 3, yuan on Chengzhitang, a scenic spot, and the other maintenance funds were spent on the development of another village-Nanping scenic spot. "

During the interview, the reporter saw that the overall style and features of Hongcun village are well preserved, but 6% of the ancient residential houses need to be repaired, and more than a dozen dangerous houses seem to fall down at any time.

In the villager Wang Maozhong's home, the central beam has been hollowed out and swayed in the wind, so it has to be supported by several wooden stakes. Jin has the right to wait for several villagers' homes or eaves to fall, or the bottom of the column to support them. Jin has the right to wait for several villagers' houses to fall under the eaves, or the bottom of the column is loose, and some even have the whole house sinking. Even the only "Prime Minister's Gate House" in Hongcun has a similar situation.

The girder of Fan Hongbing's home suddenly fell one day, almost killing his mother and son.

In p>1999, the "Prime Minister's Building" in Hongcun was completely collapsed, and it was only after it was sold to private Xie Jianmin that it was restored again.

In p>1999, all 13 houses under the Leigang Mountain in Hongcun collapsed and were sold to private Wu Atao for restoration.

Two other Qing Dynasty buildings have disappeared forever, and the town government and the county government neither allow ordinary people to tear them down nor have the money to maintain them.

a resident told the reporter that the first thing to pay for building repair is a deposit of 1, yuan, but the villagers simply can't afford it.

Because local farmers can't make a profit from tourism, they can only make a living by farming, and each family has an average of two pigs, which makes tourists feel bad. Farmers' manure trucks also blocked tourists, and tourism worsened the local living environment, increasing the number of guests, making 5 septic tanks appear in the village, and all the sewage was discharged into groundwater; However, Beijing Mian Company is unwilling to build public facilities such as drainage. As a result, there are no sewage pipes, running water or even street lamps in the village so far, and tourists who go out at night have to use flashlights.

At the end of the interview, the county government told reporters that they also tried their best to rescue the ancient dwellings. In addition to investing 2 million yuan to declare the "World Cultural Heritage", they will grant nearly 1 million yuan to the key ancient dwellings in Hongcun this year, and 2% of the cultural protection fund will be directly given to the village, in addition to a provincial subsidy of 18, yuan.