Please introduce the country "Myanmar"——

1. Geographical location

Myanmar is located in southeast Asia and the west of Indochina Peninsula. Its northern and northeastern borders share borders with Tibet and Yunnan, China. The border between China and Myanmar is about 2,185 kilometers long. The Yunnan-Myanmar section is 1,997 kilometers; it borders Laos and Thailand in the east, and the border lengths of Myanmar, Thailand, and Myanmar-Laos are 1,799 kilometers and 238 kilometers respectively; it borders India and Bangladesh in the west; it borders the Andaman Sea in the south, and the Bay of Bengal in the southwest. The total length is 2655 kilometers.

2. Climate characteristics

Myanmar has a tropical monsoon climate. Most of the country is south of the Tropic of Cancer, which is tropical, and a small part is north of the Tropic of Cancer, which is subtropical. The mountains and plateaus surrounding Myanmar in the east, north and west are like barriers, blocking the cold air from the Asian continent from going south in winter. In the south, there are no mountains to block the flow of warm and moist air from the Indian Ocean. Myanmar has a good ecological environment and few natural disasters.

The temperature in Myanmar does not change much throughout the year. The average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 20℃-25℃; the average temperature in the hottest month (April and May) is 25℃-30℃. ℃. The annual temperature range in various places is not large.

Rainfall is abundant, with most rainfall concentrated in the three months of June, July, and August when the southwest monsoon prevails, followed by May, September, and October. The annual rainfall in most areas reaches more than 4,000 mm, and the central part of the country has an annual rainfall of more than 4,000 mm. The rain shadow area has an annual rainfall of less than 1000mm and is a dry zone in Myanmar. The rainfall in various places from May to October accounts for about 90%-95% of the annual rainfall. Due to the influence of the monsoon, Myanmar's entire year can be divided into hot season (March to mid-May), rainy season (mid-May to October), and cool season (November to February of the following year).

3. Natural resources

1. Mineral resources

Myanmar is rich in mineral resources, including oil, natural gas, tungsten, tin, lead, silver, nickel, and antimony. , gold, iron, chromium, jade, etc.

Oil is one of Myanmar’s important economic resources. Mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Irrawaddy River in Ren'anqiang, Shaobu, Xingu, Ren'anjia, Lanyue, Minbu, Palanyong, Yodaya, Dandai, Bidaobin, Ren'anma, Yingdao, and Yanbieniao ( Langley Island) and the islands south of Sittwe. According to the Asian Development Bank's energy assessment report, Myanmar has 104 oil and gas mining blocks, including 53 inland mining blocks and 51 offshore mining blocks. According to the measurements, there are approximately 160 million barrels of oil and 20.11 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.

2. Forest resources

Myanmar is one of the countries with the most extensive forests in the world. In 1994, the total area of ??Myanmar's forests (including 43% closed forest and 30% open forest) was 34.42 million hm2, accounting for approximately 51% of the total land area, and the forest coverage rate was approximately 52.3%.

Myanmar is rich in forest resources. By the mid-1990s, 1,347 species of tall trees, 741 species of small trees, 1,696 species of shrubs, 96 species of bamboo plants, and 36 species of vines had been discovered. and 841 species of flowering plants. Among the 2,088 tree species, 85 are already used in wood production for various purposes.

The forest coverage rate in 2010 was 41%, mainly distributed in the north, west and south. The central Bago Mountains are the main teak producing area. There are 2,300 forestry species in Myanmar, including more than 1,200 species of trees. 60% of the world's teak reserves and 75% of the teak in the international market are produced in Myanmar. It is rich in various hardwoods and precious hardwoods such as sandalwood, shrubs, chicken wings, ironwood, rosewood, rosewood, etc. The potential annual output of hardwoods is about 1.3 million tons. In addition, Myanmar is rich in bamboo and rattan resources. There are 97 species of bamboo and the bamboo forest covers an area of ??9,630 square kilometers, mainly distributed in Rakhine and central Myanmar. There are 32 species of vines, with an annual output of about 76 million vines. They are mainly distributed in Kachin and Shan States. There are water vines and red vines, and only a small part is exported.

3. Water resources

Myanmar is densely covered with rivers. The main rivers are the Irrawaddy River, the Salween River, the Chindwin River and the Mekong River, with tributaries all over the country. Among them, the Irrawaddy River, the Salween River and the Mekong River all originate in China. The Irrawaddy River is the largest river in Myanmar, with a drainage area of ??430,000 square kilometers. It has abundant water and gentle flow. It flows through six provinces including Kachin State, Mandalay and Yangon from north to south, and finally flows into the Indian Ocean from Yangon. 2,200 kilometers, with a total drop of 4,768 meters, the average ratio of the whole river is 2.13‰, and the average flow rate at the entrance to the sea is 13,600 cubic meters/second. The Salween River is the second largest river in Myanmar. It enters Myanmar from Luxi, Yunnan. It covers 1,660 kilometers in Myanmar and has a drainage area of ??about 205,000 square kilometers. It passes through Shan State, Kayah State, Karen State and Mon State, and finally flows from Motama The bay falls into the Indian Ocean. The Mekong River enters Myanmar from Xishuangbanna and mainly flows through the borders of Myanmar's Shan State, Laos and Thailand.

4. Culture

1. Religion

The Sangha is very respected throughout Myanmar. Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Myanmar in the third century BC. It became a common belief among Myanmar residents in the eleventh century AD and continues to this day. At that time, Anawrahta listened to the advice of the Mon monk Arahant, excluded the Ali Sect, and established Hinayana Buddhism as the state religion.

In Myanmar, boys generally have to be tonsured so that there will be successors to the Buddhist cause, which is considered a virtuous thing.

For children, it is a glorious thing to be able to "adult" and be respected by society. There are generally three forms of shaving children: shaving a family alone; several families joining together to shave children; or shaving children in government departments, streets, schools or markets.

2. Language

The Burmese language belongs to the Tibeto-Burmese language group under the Sino-Tibetan language family; residents make a living by farming; ancient culture is deeply influenced by religion, literature and political systems. Indian cultural influence. Represented by the Bagan dynasty, it was founded in the early 11th century with Bagan as its capital. Administrative organizations were established, laws were enacted, and the art of sculpture and painting was quite developed. The self-created Burmese script replaced Pali and Sanskrit and became the official text of the scriptures. The pagoda architecture is represented by "Jiusu Jigang Pagoda".

3. Food

Myanmar is rich in rice, and rice is the staple food of the people. For breakfast, they often eat "Mohenka", coconut noodles, coconut porridge, cold noodles, cold rice noodles and various pastries and snacks made with glutinous rice, coconut and white sugar.

Burmese people have the habit of drinking morning tea. People drink coffee, milk tea and eat snacks in teahouses. Such as bread with butter, jam, cheese, meat buns, fried dough sticks and fried cakes, and also like to drink fish fillet soup, duck porridge, etc.

Burmese people are relatively frugal in their diet. It is often served with fish and shrimp paste, chili, boiled beans, and pickled cabbage leaf soup. Myanmar cuisine pays attention to oil, spicy, fragrant, fresh, sour and salty. The main methods of macro-adjustment are fried, grilled, stir-fried and cold. Fried and grilled food is easy to preserve.

It does not need to be heated when served cold, and it can dispel heat. Myanmar has many rivers along the coast, rich in fish and shrimps, and easy to catch. There are many foods made from fish and shrimp as raw materials in Myanmar. Myanmar people like to pickle bamboo shoots into sour bamboo shoots and stir-fry them with other vegetables and meat, which is delicious.

Burmese people’s taste is sour, spicy, light, and not greasy. It is similar to the taste of Sichuan in China. Chili oil is generally required on the table. People like to eat chicken, duck, fish, shrimp, shrimp paste, fish paste, and curry, which requires a slightly sweet taste, preferably mixed with tomatoes. In addition to eating ordinary vegetables, people like to cook with fruits. For example, cut the mango into slices and mix it with soy flour, dried shrimps, shrimp soy sauce, onions and fried chili seeds. It tastes sour, salty, spicy and fresh.

4. Customs

Burmese people have no surname. They usually add an article in front of their name to indicate their gender, age, identity and status. Young men call themselves "Mao" (meaning younger brother) to express their modesty. They also call them "Mao" (meaning "Mao") for younger people or teenagers, "Guo" (meaning older brother) for ordinary people or elders, and "Guo" (meaning elder brother) for elders or people with status. "Wu" (meaning uncle). For example, a man named "Ang Kyi" will be called "Maung Aung Kyi", "Kuo Aung Kyi" or "U Aung Kyi" as his age and status change.

Myanmar women, regardless of whether they are married or not, generally add "Ma" before their names to express modesty; children or juniors are also called "Ma" (meaning girl), and elders or those with status are also called "Ma". Called "Du" (meaning aunt, aunt, aunt). For example, there is a woman named "Danmin". Depending on her age and social status, people can call her "Madanmin" or "Dudanmin". She calls herself "Madanmin".

5. Famous tourist attractions

1. Shwedagon Pagoda

The Shwedagon Pagoda is the most representative attraction in Yangon. The tower is 110 meters high and is located Located on a hill in the city, the surface is coated with 72 tons of gold, and the top of the tower is inlaid with nearly 3,000 carats of gems. The entire building complex is very majestic and looks eye-catching and dazzling under the sunlight. Legend has it that it was built by two businessmen brothers who preserved eight hairs of Buddha. It has a history of 2,500 years.

2. Gandaoji Royal Taihu Lake

In the midst of tall acacia trees and palm trees. The Royal Lake is like a green emerald inlaid in downtown Yangon. On the high hill in the west of the lake stands the brilliant Shwedagon Pagoda; in the east of the lake is the beautiful Karawi Palace, and in the north of the lake is the tree-lined Aung San Park. The lakeshore is surrounded by wooden corridors, which is a good place for walking and enjoying the beautiful scenery of the lakeside. There is a large teak platform in Hubei, which is an excellent location for overlooking and photographing the Shwedagon Pagoda and Karaweiya Palace. Here you can also watch the reflections on the lake Beautiful sunrises and stunning sunsets.

3. Inle Lake

Located in the north of Yangon City, the lake is wide and clear. The lakeside is lined with green trees. There are green grass and blooming flowers, and there are many parks around the lake. It is not only a place for citizens to rest, but also a popular place for couples to fall in love.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Myanmar