Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Tourist attractions - Which five mountains are the Five Mountains? What are the tourist attractions?

Which five mountains are the Five Mountains? What are the tourist attractions?

The "Yue" of the Five Mountains is a high mountain. In ancient China, it was considered that the high mountains were "extremely high in the sky", and five high mountains located in the east, south, west, north and center of the Central Plains were designated as "Five Mountains", namely Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Mount Hengshan in Nanyue, Mount Huashan in Xiyue, Mount Hengshan in Beiyue and Mount Songshan in Zhongyue. The emperor is called the son of heaven, so emperors of all dynasties have to visit or send people to worship in the Five Mountains. Every time the dynasty changed, some new emperors went to Mount Tai in Dongyue to worship the heaven, which was called "Feng", and went to the nearby hills to worship the ground, which was called "Zen".

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism and Taoism began to build Buddhist temples and Taoist temples in the Five Mountains for religious activities, and each "Yue" worshipped a "Yue God" (or "Great Emperor" and "Divine King") as the highest god in charge of the Yue. The natural scenery of these mountains has also been gradually developed for worshippers to visit. As a result, Wuyue Mountain has become a scenic spot in China with the beauty of mountain natural landscape and the victory of Buddhist and Taoist cultural landscape. Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Five Mountains were mostly the Buddha and Taoism, and temples and views coexisted. After the Song Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism competed with each other depending on their political background and social forces. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanyue, Beiyue and Zhongyue still maintained the status of respecting Buddhism and Taoism, while Dongyue and Xiyue were dominated by Taoist forces and became the centers of Taoism in China.

The Five Mountains are the product of the combination of the worship of ancient mountain gods, the concept of five elements and the emperor's patrol and meditation, which were later inherited by Taoism and regarded as famous Taoist mountains. They are:

Mount Taishan in Dongyue is 1,532.7 meters, located in Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, 2,154.9 meters in Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, 1,3.2 meters in Hengshan Mountain in huayin city, Shaanxi Province, and in Hengyang County, south of Changsha, Hunan Province.

Before the Spring and Autumn Period, "Yue" was originally the official title in charge of Dashan, and the tribal leader who was in charge of foreign affairs in Sifang in Yao time was called "Yue". Later, the official in charge of Fang Yue was unified with the name of the mountain where the official was stationed, and the "Four Mountains" representing the mountains in all directions appeared.

According to the Taoist model "The Story of Cave in Heaven", "The Yellow Emperor painted wild regions, which sealed five mountains." Huangdi was five thousand years ago, and its territory was not out of the Yellow River Basin. There is no official history to check whether Huangdi sealed Yue, but there is no doubt that there were four Yue in the Tang and Yu Dynasties.

at that time, although there were many changes in Kyoto, it was not within the scope of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, and the four mountains it sealed were all in the Yellow River basin.

The theory of "inaction" came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was quite popular in the Warring States Period. Due to the vigorous promotion of Yin-Yang scholar Zou Yan and others, the theory of "five virtues beginning at the end" is becoming more and more popular. The theory of "Five Mountains" came into being at the historic moment, so "Poetry Talk" once said: "There were four mountains in Tang Yu, and there were five mountains until the beginning of Zhou Dynasty."

The name of China Yueshan first appeared in Shangshu. The Book of History has four mountains in the east, west, south and north, but no five mountains. Only Daizong in Dongyue is the name of Siyue Mountain in the scriptures. "Zhou Li Da Zong Bo Da Si Le" begins with the five mountains, not the mountains. Later, Sima Qian summed up the evolution process from the Five Emperors to the Qin Dynasty in Historical Records: "Because the capitals of Xia, Shang and Zhou are between the Yellow River and Luoshui, Songshan is the Zhongyue Mountain, and the other four mountains follow their own directions, and Sidu is in Shandong. When Qin proclaimed himself emperor and established Xianyang as its capital, Wuyue and Sidu were all in the East. From the Five Emperors to the Qin Dynasty, the famous mountains and rivers were either princes or emperors, and they were invincible. It was only after the Qin Dynasty merged into the world that it was clearly defined that there were five famous mountains in the east of Lushan Mountain in Henan Province, namely Songshan Mountain, Hengshan Mountain, Taishan Mountain, Huiji Mountain and Xiangshan Mountain. Dachuan II, namely Jishui and Huaihe River. "

to sum up, the system of five mountains before the Han dynasty was different according to the situation. Zhou Jian is a rich and pickaxe, and Huashan is the Zhongyue Mountain: after Zhou Ping and Wang Dong moved to Luoyi, Songshan Mountain was the Zhongyue Mountain and Huashan Mountain was the Xiyue Mountain. Only Mount Taishan in Dongyue and Mount Hengshan in Beiyue have remained unchanged since ancient times. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that the system of Five Mountains was formally established and Tianzhu Mountain was named Nanyue. According to Records of Sacrifice in the Suburbs in the History of Han Dynasty, the imperial edict was issued in the first year of Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty (61 BC), and it was determined that Mount Tai was the Dongyue, Huashan was the Xiyue, Huoshan (that is, Tianzhu Mountain) was the Nanyue, Hengshan was the Beiyue and Songshan was the Zhongyue. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Emperor Wen of Sui of the Sui Dynasty proclaimed Hengshan Mountain on the Xiangjiang River in Hunan as Nanyue Mountain in the ninth year of Emperor Kai (AD 589), and abolished Huoshan Mountain as a famous mountain. During the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue was honored in Quyang, Hebei Province, Shanyang. To the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the capital was built in Beijing, and the mountain of Quyang was in the south of the capital, which did not match the name of Beiyue. Tianfengling, the main peak of Hengshan Mountain, is located in Hunyuan, Shanxi Province, just north of Beijing. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, Hunyuan was called Beiyue, but because of the long journey, the sacrifice was still in Quyang. It was not until the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1661) that Beiyue was recruited to Hunyuan on the advice of the courtiers.

Mount Tai, the Dongyue Mountain, is worthy of the name. In China, 72 emperors visited Mount Tai for meditation.

Mount Tai in the east, Huashan in the west, Hengshan in the north, Songshan in the middle and Hengshan in the south have long been famous in the world.

It is often said that the Five Mountains return without looking at the mountains, and there is also a saying that "Mount Heng is like walking, Mount Tai is like sitting, Mount Huashan is like standing, Mount Songshan is like lying, and only Nanyue is as alone as flying".

"Five Mountains" is the general name of five famous mountains in China. Namely Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Hengshan in Beiyue, Songshan in Zhongyue and Hengshan in Nanyue. They are the places where the feudal emperors worship Zen for their lofty achievements, and they are also the symbols of the feudal emperors' orders from heaven and the determination of the Central Plains.

In terms of landscape, the five mountains have their own characteristics: Mount Tai Xiong, Mount Heng Xiu, Huashan Danger, Mount Heng Wonder and Mount Song Ao.

when people talk about scenery, they must say three mountains and five mountains. The "three mountains" and the "immortals" live in the same place. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor" contains: "The Qi people Xu Shi and others wrote that there are three sacred mountains in the sea, named Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou", which is Su Dongpo's "immortal trace" that "the clouds in the East are empty, and the mountains have no time to shine"; And "Five Mountains" is the general name of the five famous mountains in China. Namely Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Hengshan in Beiyue, Songshan in Zhongyue and Hengshan in Nanyue. They are the places where the feudal emperors worship Zen for their lofty achievements, and they are also the symbols of the feudal emperors' orders from heaven and the determination of the Central Plains. The five mountains split the ground and skyscraper, and they are crowned with pride. Although the five mountains are not the highest mountains in China, they are all towering above the plains or basins, which is particularly steep. There are some poems in the Book of Songs, such as "The Rock of Mount Tai is admired by Lu Bang" and "Song Gao Wei Yue, Jun Ji Yu Tian", from which we can also see the position of the Five Mountains in the eyes of the ancients.