Summary of key knowledge points in geography in the second volume of seventh grade

Summary of Key Geography Knowledge Points in the Second Volume of the Seventh Grade 1

(1) Asia

1. Asia is the largest continent in the world, and it is also the largest continent in the world. The continent with the widest latitude and the longest east-west distance.

2. Use the map to tell the latitude, sea and land location of Asia.

3. The terrain in Asia is high in the middle and low on all sides, and the terrain is complex and diverse.

Characteristics of Asian rivers: they originate from the central mountains and plateaus, and flow radially to the surrounding oceans, forming numerous long rivers.

The climate characteristics of Asia: complex and diverse, with significant monsoon climate and wide distribution of continental climate.

The most widespread climate type in Asia is the temperate continental climate.

4. Asia is a vast country with a population of about 3.68 billion. East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia are densely populated areas;

Asian countries with a population of more than 100 million include China and India. , Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan and other 6 countries.

5. There are about 1,000 ethnic groups in Asia. Ethnic groups in different regions have created their own cultures.

The three cradles of civilization in Asia: the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze River; the Indus River Basin; and the Mesopotamian Plain.

6. Asia’s economic development is unbalanced. Japan is a developed country and the rest are developing countries.

(2) Western Europe

1. Use the map to describe the location, scope and major countries of Western Europe.

2. The terrain of western Europe is dominated by plains. The climate is a temperate maritime climate in the coastal areas, a temperate continental climate in the inland areas, a Mediterranean climate and a plateau mountain climate in the south, and a frigid climate in the north.

3. Western Europe is mainly a developed country. Its industry is mainly manufacturing and its traditional livestock industry is developed. Tourism in western Europe is developed.

(3) Antarctica

1. Use the map to tell the location and scope of Antarctica: the southernmost point of the earth, most of which is located within the Antarctic Circle.

2. Antarctica has the highest latitude, average altitude, longest range of longitudes, and the coldest climate.

3. The terrain of Antarctica is dominated by plateaus, known as the "Ice and Snow Plateau". The average thickness of the ice reaches more than 2,000 meters and it is rich in fresh water resources.

4. The climate characteristics of Antarctica: dry, strong winds, and severe cold.

5. Antarctica is rich in mineral resources but has few plant species.

(4) Japan

1. Japan is an island country located in the northwest Pacific. Its territory consists of 4 large islands including Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and thousands of small islands. It consists of the surrounding sea area and its capital is Tokyo.

2. Japan’s terrain is dominated by mountains and hills, with small plains. The peak is Mount Fuji, an active volcano. Japan is located at the junction of the Eurasian and Pacific plates and has many volcanoes and earthquakes. Transportation is mainly ocean transportation.

3. Japan is located in mid-latitudes, and its climate is dominated by subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate.

4. Japan is rich in water energy resources and has high forest coverage.

5. Japan lacks natural resources, and the raw materials and fuels needed for development mainly rely on imports.

6. Japan is a developed country in Asia with strong scientific and technological strength. Its products are mostly sold to the international market, and its economy is highly dependent on foreign countries.

Japan’s industrial layout is coastal. In order to facilitate the introduction of raw materials, export of industrial products, and reduce transportation costs and costs,

Japan’s industries are mainly distributed along the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea. Along the coast.

Summary of Key Geography Knowledge Points in the Second Volume of the Seventh Grade Chapter 2

1. Population and Race

①The rate of population growth It is determined by birth rate and death rate.

②Natural growth rate = birth rate – death rate.

③Population density indicates the degree of population density. Population density generally refers to the average number of people living per square kilometer.

Population of a certain area (person)

Population density (person/square kilometer) =

Area of ??the region (square kilometer)

p>

④ Densely populated areas: plain areas near the sea at mid- to low-latitudes.

Sparsely populated areas: extremely arid desert areas, rainforest areas with an overly humid climate, high latitude areas with severe cold all year round, or high plateaus and mountainous areas.

⑤The main distribution areas of white people: northern Africa, Europe, Oceania, North America, the east coast of South America, and western Asia

The main distribution areas of yellow people: eastern Asia, North America North and northwest South America

The main distribution areas of black people are: southern Africa and northwest Oceania

⑥From the mid-16th century, European colonists began to plunder black Africans and sell them to America as slaves to make up for the lack of labor in the Americas.

2. Languages ??and religions of the world

① Chinese is the most widely spoken language in the world, and English is the most widely used language in the world.

Main language distribution areas

Chinese China

English Western Europe, North America, southern Asia, etc.

Russian Russia

French France, central and southern Africa

Spanish Spain, many countries in Latin America

Arabic western Asia, northern Africa

② Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam are the three major religions in the world.

③Christianity is the religion with the largest number of believers in the world.

④Islamists are called Muslims. Islam is also called Islam or Islam in China.

⑤Christianity - church; Islam - mosque; Buddhism - temple.

Summary of Key Geography Knowledge Points in the Second Volume of the Seventh Grade Chapter 3

Chapter 1 Understanding the Continents

1.1 Asia and Europe

"Asia" and "Europa": Asia: the place where the sun rises in the east Europa: the place where the sun sets in the west

The continental parts of Asia and Europe are connected into one, forming the Eurasian continent. Asia borders the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Arctic Ocean to the east, south, and north, is connected to Europe to the west, is adjacent to Africa to the southwest, and faces North America across the Bering Strait to the east. Asia covers an area of ??approximately 44 million square kilometers and is the largest continent in the world. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north, west, and south, is connected to Asia to the east, and faces Africa to the south.

The Asian terrain is dominated by plateaus and mountains: three major characteristics: 1. The terrain is dominated by plateaus and mountains, with high average altitude;

2. The ground is undulating and the heights vary greatly. 3. The terrain is high in the middle and low on the surrounding sides.

Topographic differences:

Asia and Europe

High average altitude, the continent with the lowest altitude in the world

Relatively high, with large undulations on the ground, high and low The disparity is small

The main terrain is plateaus, mountains and plains

The terrain is high in the middle, and the surrounding plains and mountains are mainly distributed on the south and north sides

Complex and diverse Asian climate : Complex and diverse: significant continental characteristics; strong monsoon, the most typical, and the widest range of influence.

Asia is home to many large rivers: large rivers mostly originate from the central plateau and mountains, and flow radially along the terrain into the sea;

The inner flow area is vast

Asia Population and countries: Asia is the most populous continent in the world, with a total population of 3.672 billion in 2000, accounting for approximately 60% of the world's total population. Most of the countries in the world with a population of more than 100 million are in Asia.

1.2 Africa

The continent with the most countries: "Africa" ??is "scorched by the sun". Africa is located in the western part of the Eastern Hemisphere, stretching north and south of the equator. It borders the Indian Ocean to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, faces Europe across the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar to the north, and is separated from Asia by the narrow Red Sea in the northeast, with the Suez Canal as its land boundary. Africa has 54 independent countries, making it the country with the most countries in the world. The African continent has a vast plateau area and is called the "plateau continent".

The Sahara Desert located in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world, accounting for approximately the entire continent.

Hot climate: Africa is the continent with the largest arid area in the world.

The African savanna covers the largest area on any continent.

Climate characteristics: high temperature; wide arid areas; climate types are symmetrically distributed from north to south.

Abundant resources: Africa has a vast territory and rich and diverse products, and is known as the "rich continent".

The reserves and production of diamonds, gold, chromite, phosphate, etc. are among the best in the world.

Economy in urgent need of development:

1.3 America: "New World": America is the abbreviation of "America".

Different natural environments in the north and south: North America has a higher average altitude and greater terrain undulations. The terrain is divided into three major north-south vertical belts: tall mountains in the west, vast plains in the middle, and vast plains in the east. The gentle high ground.