Most of the famous passes in ancient times have become "landscapes" now, and only one still carries the function of a pass.

In the ancient cold weapon period, wars between vassal states and between nations occurred frequently. In order to defend against enemy attacks, people mostly built passes. Therefore, in addition to the Great Wall, countless passes were left on the land of China. .

Among them, there are at least twenty famous ones, such as Hangu Pass, Shanhaiguan Pass, Yanmen Pass, Jiayuguan Pass, Tongguan Pass, Jianmen Pass, Juyong Pass, Pingxing Pass, Wusheng Pass, Dashan Pass, Yangguan Pass, Wusheng Pass and Wusheng Pass. Guan, Meiguan, Yumenguan, Tiemenguan, Zijingguan, Niangziguan, Loushanguan, Nanjinguan, Qutangguan, Qingxiguan, Shaoguan, Xianxiaguan, etc.

Among them, Shanhaiguan, Tongguan, Jiayuguan, Juyongguan, Youyiguan, Yanmenguan, Zijinguan, Jianmenguan, Niangziguan and Wushengguan are known as the "Top Ten Famous Passes" by the world.

As "the lights of swords and shadows dim and the cries of drums and horns fade into the distance", in the unified country of the People's Republic of China, these passes in history have long lost their actual meaning of "defense and checkpoints". Many of them have Mingguan has also become a tourist "landscape".

Shanhaiguan, also known as Yuguan, Yuguan and Linlu Pass, ranks first among the famous passes. It is located 15 kilometers northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. It has the reputation of "the first pass in the world", "the throat of border counties" and "the unparalleled key to the two capitals". It echoes the Jiayuguan Pass thousands of miles away and is famous all over the world.

In March 1961, Shanhaiguan was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In the mid-1980s, Shanhaiguan was listed as the first among the "Top Ten Scenic Spots in the Country". In 1987, it entered the World Cultural Heritage List and was among the first batch of national 5A tourist attractions.

Located in Jianmen Pass, 30 kilometers north of Jiange County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, it is equally famous.

In history, there was a saying that "taking Jianmen Pass is like winning Sichuan".

Jianmen Pass is an important pass on the Jianmen Shu Road. It combines the majestic, dangerous, strange, secluded and beautiful natural and cultural landscapes of the Jianmen Shu Road. There are sheer cliffs on both sides of the pass, and the peaks look like swords leaning against the sky. It is no exaggeration to say that "Jianmen is the most dangerous place in the world". Now it is a famous international tourism base.

Juyongguan is a famous ancient pass along the Great Wall north of Beijing. It is also known as "the most powerful pass in the world".

The canyon where Qiguancheng is located belongs to the military capital mountainous area of ??the remaining mountains of the Taihang Mountains, with many cliffs and dangerous terrain.

Juyong Pass, Zijing Pass, Daoma Pass and Gu Pass were also known as the four famous passes in the west of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty. Among them, Juyong Pass, Zijin Pass and Daoma Pass are also known as the three inner passes. There are majestic mountains on both sides of Juyongguan, and in the middle there is an 18-kilometer-long valley commonly known as "Guangou". In the valley, clear streams linger, green peaks overlap, flowers and trees flourish, and hundreds of birds chirp. "Juyong Pinnacle" got its name from this, and it was listed as one of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Yanjing" in the Qing Dynasty. It is now a national 4A-level scenic spot.

Although Wusheng Pass is also one of the famous passes, not many people know about it. It is located on the main transportation route between Henan and Hubei. It is an important pass in the Dabie Mountains and was a battleground for military strategists in ancient times. Today, in Guangshui City, there are the former site of Jiangjunzhai, the garrison station that guards Wusheng Pass, as well as scenic spots such as the Black Dragon Pool Waterfalls, which are the closest to Wuhan, as well as cultural attractions such as the famous "Filial Son Monument".

Yangguan was first built during the period when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "organized four counties and controlled two passes". Yangguan had abundant water resources in ancient times, and Wowachi and Xitugou were the largest independent water sources. Thousands of years ago, this place should have been an oasis basin with a developed Huoshaogou culture. It is now a national 4A tourist attraction.

Yangguan is located on the "Antique Beach" in Nanhu Township, 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City in the Hexi Corridor. It was an important pass for the Han Dynasty to defend against the invasion of northwest nomads. It was also the gateway from the Central Plains to the Western Regions and Central Asia on the Silk Road. important gateway to other places. It relies on the water as a pass and is dangerous on the river, echoing the north and south of Yumen Pass.

Archaeologists have found that Yangguan in history also had a dangerous terrain that "one man can guard the pass, but ten thousand people cannot open it". Unfortunately, Xiongguan has long been buried by quicksand, leaving only a ruins.

Yangguan and Yumenguan, one is in the south and the other is in the north. After leaving these two levels, you enter the vast Gobi Desert. In those days, if you wanted to leave Dunhuang, you had to take one of these two passes.

Before people come to Yangguan today, they generally don’t know the relationship between Yangguan and Yumenguan. Most of them have seen these two fascinating names in Tang poetry. I learned about Yangguan in "I urge you to drink more wine, and there will be no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west"; and I learned about Yumen Pass in "Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows, the spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass".

If we count, it seems that the only one that still plays the role of a national gate is "Zhennan Pass" which was renamed Youyi Pass.

Zhennanguan is located in the southwest of Pingxiang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It has been known as the "Southern Xinjiang Fortress" since ancient times. It is the main transportation route from China to Vietnam.

It was built in the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago and was once known as Jilinguan Pass, Dananguan Pass and Jieshou Pass. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang rebuilt it into a two-story gatehouse in order to consolidate southern Xinjiang. The name was changed to "Zhennanguan", and the Guangxi military and civilians built several forts and control passes on the steep walls of Jinji Mountain.

In the 11th year of Guangxu’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1885), more than 2,000 French invaders invaded Zhennanguan from Lang Son, Vietnam. Patriotic general Feng Zicai led the army and the people to fight bravely at Guanqian Pass. After three days and three nights of fierce fighting, the French army was defeated and the "Victory at Zhennanguan Pass" was achieved that shocked both China and foreign countries.

In the more than two thousand years since its establishment in the Han Dynasty, Zhennanguan has never been breached by invaders. In addition to the brave soldiers and civilians who persevered, they also benefited from the dangerous terrain here. There are high mountains on both sides of this pass, deep valleys and lush forests, and the terrain is very dangerous. The pass is stuck on the canyon passage. On the left is the Zuobi Mountain City Wall, and on the right is the Youfu Mountain City Wall. They are like two giant pythons standing at the foot of the mountain, majestic and majestic.

During the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese invaded Guangxi from Vietnam, and Zhennanguan Gate experienced the test of war. The rebuilt Guancheng is now a three-story granite tower.

In 1953, after the founding of New China, Zhennanguan was renamed "Munanguan". After the outbreak of the Vietnam War in 1965, China actively aided Vietnam in its fight against the United States. People and aid supplies often entered Vietnam through the "Munan Pass" via roads and railways. In the same year, "Munang Pass" was renamed "Friendship Pass", and Marshal Chen Yi personally inscribed the name of the pass.

Friendship Pass is now a national first-class port, 18 kilometers away from the urban area of ??Pingxiang, Guangxi. It is also the largest and most important border defense on the Sino-Vietnamese border. It is also the only one of the famous passes in ancient China that still carries the border function. The key point.

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We *** work together to appreciate historical anecdotes, recall historical past events... (Disclaimer: The reference materials and accompanying pictures in this article are all from the Internet)