Four misunderstandings in thesis writing

The standardized writing of academic abstracts has always been a topic of concern to responsible editors. Although there have been relevant standards and requirements for a long time, the abstracts of many academic journals are not standardized so far. The abstract of an academic paper is the epitome of the paper. It directly states the content of the paper in short and easy-to-understand words, objectively and truly reflects a document, and can not add subjective opinions of the abstract author, without comments and annotations, and clearly and completely show the general situation of the paper. It must conform to the principles of objectivity, conciseness, standardization and exclusion.

The reasons for nonstandard writing mainly include three aspects: from the perspective of responsible editors, the reasons for this nonstandard writing are as follows: the professional level of responsible editors is not enough to modify abstracts according to the requirements of norms; Due to the short publishing cycle and the long time for the responsible editor to modify the abstract, the abstract lacks standardization requirements; The responsible editor has a weak sense of responsibility and ignores the irregular abstract. From the author's point of view, the reasons why the abstract of the paper is not standardized are as follows: the author pays too much attention to the "result" of the publication of the paper, but does not realize the important role of the abstract, so he does not pay enough attention to the writing of the abstract; The author misunderstood the abstract and confused it with the brief introduction of the content. The third situation is quite special. For various reasons, some academic journals ignore the standardization of abstracts, which makes their own journals present a variety of abstract writing methods, and also makes many contributors follow the "style" of journal abstracts and write irregular abstracts. Even some senior scholars have to "do as the Romans do" and constantly change the writing format of "Abstract". But in general, there are four main misunderstandings in writing.

First of all, the abstract is too simple to truly reflect the views of the paper.

It is necessary to express the views or conclusions of the paper to readers in the shortest number of words, provide as complete qualitative or quantitative information as possible, and fully reflect the innovation and characteristics of the paper. However, some academic papers have a lot of innovative contents, but the abstracts are too simple, even regardless of primary and secondary, putting the cart before the horse, refining the unimportant contents, and only a few parts need to be refined, which leads to the abstract can not truly reflect the views of the papers.

(1) The internship is not only the work of the school and the internship unit, but also the students' own affairs, but the result of the joint efforts of the three parties. For every student, maintaining a good internship mentality is the magic weapon to successfully complete the professional internship. It is very important to analyze the mentality that affects students' successful completion of internship and put forward strategies to help students successfully complete internship. (Abstract of the original text submitted by the author of "Current Situation and Countermeasures of Internship Psychology of Students Majoring in Tourism Management in Colleges and Universities")

(2) The definition of English learning dictionary is to represent semantics in a way that conforms to users' cognitive psychology. From the cognitive point of view, taking the word "black" as an example, this paper probes into the cognitive characteristics of relevant interpretation methods. (Abstract of the original text submitted by the author of Cognitive Characteristics of Black Definition in English Learning Dictionary)

Example (1) is a typical problem of putting the cart before the horse and improper simplification in abstract writing. The author introduces the common sense of internship too much, but fails to reflect the "mentality that affects students' completion of internship" and "strategies that help students complete internship" in detail, so that after reading this abstract, readers don't understand what the author wants to express and what strategies the author puts forward to help students complete internship smoothly. The writing of this abstract is not standardized, which may be because the author does not pay enough attention to the standardization of abstract writing, and only wants to briefly introduce the general content of the paper; It is also possible that the author misunderstood the abstract and confused it with the content introduction.

This phenomenon of irregular abstract writing is very common. As a responsible editor, it is especially necessary to control it well. You can contact the author to improve the detailed content in the abstract, or you can edit it yourself. The main points of the revision of this abstract are as follows: first, the relationship between schools, internship units and students in internship work is refined; Then, supplement and improve what conditions the three parties should create for the internship and what effect they can achieve. See Example (3) for the summary of modification of Example (1).

(3) Practice needs the cooperation of schools, practice units and students in order to achieve practical results. It is very important for students to maintain a good internship mentality to successfully complete their professional internship. Schools and internship units should create a good internship environment for students, and students should adjust their internship mentality, so as to truly cultivate college students majoring in tourism management into talents to meet the needs of tourism development and realize a harmonious situation of win-win for schools, tourism enterprises and students.

Example (2) is also a common abstract writing is not standardized, but the typical abstract is too simple. This kind of "abstract" is short, lacks basic elements, fails to summarize the views of the paper, fails to reflect the innovation and characteristics of the paper, and provides insufficient information to play its due role. This abstract is not standardized, which may be because the author's understanding of the abstract is wrong and has not paid enough attention to it, resulting in the abstract being too simple. The main points of the revision of this abstract are as follows: The cognitive characteristics of the related interpretation of the word "black" should be explained in detail, and the revised abstract is shown in Example (4).

(4) The definition of English learning dictionary is to represent semantics in a way that conforms to users' cognitive psychology. Adding scientific meaning and Chinese meaning to the original meaning of the word "black" is helpful for learners to understand the word accurately and provides a basis for the formation of escape; At the same time, the order of its parts of speech should also be based on the meaning it refers to and conform to the cognitive law. The arrangement suggestion from original meaning to escape is mainly logical order, which can effectively show the cognitive relationship between meanings and improve learning efficiency.

In this case, the responsible editor should take the initiative to contact the author, so that the author can realize the importance of writing a good abstract and its important role in article citation and selection. Make the author really pay attention to abstract writing and actively cooperate with the responsible editor to modify the abstract, thus objectively reflecting the innovation and characteristics of the paper.

Second, the abstract is too complicated to highlight the views of the paper.

A standard abstract should accurately and concisely convey the same amount of information as the paper to readers, so that readers can quickly understand the views of the paper and determine whether it is necessary to continue reading the full text, and it also provides convenience for the compilation of secondary documents. But some abstracts are written too much, which makes readers feel confused and can't highlight the views of the paper. Some abstracts are too long, and irrelevant words are embedded in them. There are many words, but the contents are vague, meaningless and even have no valuable information. For this kind of abstract, it is necessary to refine the content, remove the common sense content, get to the point, and present the views of the paper in the simplest words, so that readers can see at a glance.

(5) Bai Juyi was not only a great poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, but also had his own complete poetic theory, and made certain theoretical achievements in many fields such as politics, economy, ideology and culture, education and military affairs. Based on his early masterpiece "Celin", the author comprehensively combs his political and economic thoughts, which are mainly reflected in: 1. Benevolence and love for the people, emphasizing agriculture and neglecting taxes; Second, unify government decrees and strictly enforce the official system; Third, balanced development and standardized thinking; Fourth, be diligent and thrifty, and cherish the people's resources. At that time, it had obvious progressive significance and certain reference value to today's society. Of course, Bai Juyi's political and economic thoughts are obviously retro, even divorced from the social reality at that time, which is inoperable and even illusory. But it is still a valuable legacy of China's ancient history of political and economic thought. (Summary of the original text submitted by the author of "On Bai Juyi's Political and Economic Thoughts in Forest Management")

Example (5) Although it directly states the author's point of view, it fails to follow the standard of "accurately and concisely conveying the same amount of information as the paper", which makes readers feel that the meaning of reading is vague; There is also the problem of listing the subheadings of papers in this abstract, which is an easy mistake in abstract writing. The abstract of this kind of social science comprehensive paper should be unstructured, which can not only increase the text characteristics of the paper, show the author's cultural background, but also increase the readability of the paper. The main points of the revision of this abstract are: simplifying the content of the abstract, adopting the writing method of unstructured abstract, and reflecting the views of the paper objectively, concisely, completely and normatively. Revised abstract reference example (6).

(6) Ce Lin embodies Bai Juyi's political and economic thoughts in agriculture, official system and national macro-control. Although his political and economic thoughts are obviously retro, even divorced from the social reality at that time, which is inoperable and even illusory, it is still a valuable legacy in the history of China's ancient political and economic thoughts.

Thirdly, abstract and content introduction are confused.

It should objectively, concisely and accurately reflect the viewpoint of the paper, but in the manuscripts received by the editorial department, a large part of the abstracts of the manuscripts do not reflect the viewpoint of the paper, but only the content introduction or abstract of the article. From the content point of view, the abstract is the condensation of the original documents, and its information content is equivalent to the original. The content of abstract is wider than that of abstract, that is, it reflects the content information of the original document, evaluates the original document, introduces the research background or evaluates the article. From the purpose of writing, the main purpose of the abstract is to objectively present the ideas or innovations of the paper to readers, so that readers can judge whether it is necessary to reread the original text. The main purpose of this paper is to show readers the main content, social function and value of the article, and to play a role in prompting and recommending.

(7) From 2001to 20 10, in order to prevent the excessive growth of the total amount of money and credit and promote the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the national economy, China frequently adjusted the statutory reserve ratio during this period. Based on the analysis of the change trend of the reserve ratio in recent ten years, this paper divides the change process into three stages: stable rising period, slightly falling period and rising high period, and analyzes the different policy objectives and adjustment reasons of the reserve ratio in each stage, and holds that excess liquidity, increasing inflationary pressure and excessive credit funds are the direct reasons for the adjustment of the deposit reserve ratio. Then it discusses the effect of the regulation of deposit reserve ratio in recent ten years, and looks forward to the future monetary policy. (The original abstract was submitted by the author of Review and Prospect of Deposit Reserve Ratio Regulation in Recent Ten Years)

Example (7) belongs to the confusion between abstract and abstract, showing the contents of the original text in order. Another typical feature of this kind of abstract is that it contains "this article … analysis/research". Example (7) mentioned "then explore the effect of the regulation of the deposit reserve ratio in the past decade, and look forward to the future monetary policy". As can be seen from the sentence, the paper studies the effect of the regulation of deposit reserve ratio in the past ten years, but it does not reflect the specific content of the effect; It can be seen that the paper forecasts the future trend of China's monetary policy, but it does not show the specific content of the forecast. Therefore, this does not meet the requirement that the abstract should accurately reflect the views of the paper. Revised abstract reference example (8).

(8) From 20065438+0 to 20 10, in order to prevent the excessive growth of the total amount of money and credit and promote the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the national economy, China frequently adjusted the deposit reserve ratio during this period. The curve of reserve ratio in this period can be divided into three stages: stable upward period, small downward period and rising high period. Excess liquidity, increasing inflationary pressure and excessive credit funds are the direct reasons for the adjustment of deposit reserve ratio. Generally speaking, the central bank tried to control the liquidity of funds by raising the deposit reserve ratio, so as to solve the overall trend of overheating in the domestic macro-economy, and the effect was not satisfactory. Controlling inflation has become the key core issue of the central economic work in 20 1 1 year. Comprehensive use of interest rates, deposit reserve ratio, open market operations and other tools to maintain a reasonable and moderate liquidity in the banking system, curb excessive price increases and asset bubbles, and make China's economy develop well and rapidly.

Fourth, abstract language expression is inappropriate.

Improper language expression is also a common problem in abstracts. Improper language expression is mainly manifested in several aspects:

First, too subjective or exaggerated conclusions are added to the abstract, such as exaggerated comments such as "domestic initiative", "filling in the blank" and "first report". This expression must be avoided in academic papers. This kind of evaluation is not suitable for the author himself, giving people the suspicion of boasting. It can also be seen that the author's academic style is not rigorous and modest. The appraisal of the academic value of the paper should be done by authoritative academic institutions or experts, not by the original author himself.

Secondly, there are themes such as "this article", "this study" and "the author" in the abstract, which is determined by the basic characteristics that the abstract must objectively report the contents of the literature without commenting. The use of words such as "this article" and "author" in Chinese is redundant, and the abstract already reflects the viewpoint of this article, so it is unnecessary to indicate "this article"; The opinion is the author's own, so there is no need to use "author". Examples (5) and (7) belong to this kind of problem. Example (2) "From the cognitive point of view, take the word" black "as an example to explore the cognitive characteristics of relevant interpretation methods", although the word "this article" is avoided, it lacks a subject.

Thirdly, due to their own writing style, some writers use lyric language too much when writing abstracts, such as questions, sighs or literary descriptive language, while academic papers need rigorous academic attitude. It is necessary to objectively and fairly reflect the viewpoint of the paper with a serious attitude and show its academic nature, so the abstract is different from the paper and can not be described or lyrical.

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