What are the skills of holiday travel to prevent food poisoning?

After May Day, people have made plans to travel. Here, He Zhongjie, director of the emergency department of the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, reminded the general public that when traveling, we must pay attention to food hygiene and guard against food poisoning.

Although food poisoning has different causes and symptoms, it generally has the following epidemiological and clinical characteristics: first, the incubation period is short, usually from a few minutes to several hours, and a group of patients appear almost at the same time in a short time after eating "toxic food", which is fierce and quickly forms a peak, showing an outbreak; Secondly, the clinical manifestations of patients are similar, and most of them are acute gastrointestinal symptoms; Third, the onset is related to eating certain foods. Patients have eaten the same kind of "toxic food" in the near future, and the incidence range is consistent with the food distribution. Those who don't eat will not get sick, and there will be no new cases soon after stopping eating this kind of food. Fourth, there is no infection between people in general. The incidence curve showed a trend of sudden increase and sudden decrease, and there was no aftermath of the incidence curve when infectious diseases were prevalent. Fifth, there is obvious seasonality. Bacterial and toxic animal and plant food poisoning often occurs in summer and autumn; Botulinum poisoning and nitrite poisoning often occur in winter and spring.

Take food poisoning as an example. The first reaction after food poisoning is often abdominal discomfort. The poisoned person will feel abdominal distension at first, some patients will have abdominal pain, and some will have acute diarrhea. Abdominal discomfort is accompanied by nausea, followed by vomiting.

food poisoning can be generally divided into bacterial (such as Escherichia coli), chemical (such as pesticides), animal and plant (such as puffer fish, lentils and beans) and fungal (such as poisonous mushrooms) food poisoning. Food poisoning includes both individual poisoning and group poisoning. Its symptoms are mainly nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, often accompanied by fever. Severe vomiting and diarrhea can also cause dehydration, acidosis, and even symptoms such as shock and coma.

once someone has food poisoning symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, they should stop eating suspicious food immediately and call 12 for help immediately. Before the arrival of the ambulance, you can take the following self-help measures:

If you eat 1-2 hours ago, you can use the method of inducing vomiting. For those who are poisoned for a short time without obvious vomiting, they can be induced to vomit by stimulating the root of their tongue with fingers and chopsticks, or let the poisoned person drink a lot of warm water and repeatedly induce vomiting by himself to reduce the absorption of toxins. After vomiting with plenty of warm water, when the vomit is a clear liquid, you can drink milk in moderation to protect the gastric mucosa. If bloody liquid is found in vomit, it suggests that there may be gastrointestinal bleeding or pharyngeal bleeding, and vomiting should be temporarily stopped.

catharsis If the patient has eaten the poisoned food for a long time (more than two hours) and is in good spirits, he can take laxatives to urge the poisoned food to be excreted. Decocting rhubarb and senna leaves or taking them with boiling water can achieve the purpose of catharsis.

Detoxification If food poisoning is caused by eating spoiled fish, shrimp, crabs, etc., 1ml of vinegar and 2ml of water can be taken once after dilution. In addition, 3 grams of perilla and 1 grams of raw licorice can be decocted at one time. If you eat spoiled preservatives or drinks by mistake, the best first aid method is to fill them with fresh milk or other drinks containing protein.

At the same time, experts reminded that food samples must be kept. Because it is very important to determine the toxic substances for treatment, if there is no food sample around, the patient's vomit and excrement can be kept for the convenience of doctors' diagnosis and treatment.

"This kind of emergency treatment only buys time for treating acute food poisoning. After emergency treatment, patients should go to the hospital for treatment immediately." Director He Zhongjie particularly emphasized. ?