Seeking detailed knowledge about cruises

Cruise ships are used to carry passengers for travel, visits and excursions. Also known as pleasure boats and tourist boats. Generally speaking, cruise ships will sail along certain water tourism routes regularly or irregularly, and dock at one or several sightseeing spots for tourists to visit. Ordinary passenger ships can be called cruise ships if they are used for tourism or modified for tourism. After the 1960s and 1970s, with the development of tourism, more and more cruise ships were designed and built specifically for sightseeing. In addition to the basic functions of ordinary passenger ships, most of these cruise ships provide special sightseeing and entertainment facilities and services. Cruise ships are a general term for various passenger-carrying motorized ships used for traveling, sightseeing, and sightseeing. Also known as pleasure boats and tourist boats. Generally speaking, cruise ships will sail along certain water tourism routes regularly or irregularly, and dock at one or several sightseeing spots for tourists to visit. Ordinary passenger ships can be called cruise ships if they are used for tourism or modified for tourism. After the 1960s and 1970s, with the development of tourism, more and more cruise ships were designed and built specifically for sightseeing. In addition to the basic functions of ordinary passenger ships, most of these cruise ships provide special sightseeing and entertainment facilities and services. There are many types of cruise ships. According to the different internal facilities and decoration levels, they can be roughly divided into ordinary cruise ships and luxury cruise ships. According to the different navigation waters, they can be divided into ocean cruise ships, coastal cruise ships and inland river cruise ships. Ocean cruise. They are mostly used for intercontinental or global transoceanic voyages. They generally have large tonnage, superior performance, luxurious internal facilities, and high cost. Modern ocean liners developed from early cruise ships. In the late 1830s, steamships were first used for passenger transportation in the Atlantic Ocean. From then on, ocean liners became the only means of transporting mail by sea, so they were also called cruise ships. Cruise ships not only greatly promoted ocean passenger transportation at that time, but also promoted the trend of ocean travel at that time. The number of people taking cruise ships to travel intercontinentally and even around the world is increasing day by day. Some cruise ships specialize in this business, and these cruise ships become cruise ships. With the advancement of shipbuilding technology, ocean cruise ships are getting larger and larger, and now large cruise ships can reach 70,000 to 80,000 tons. Interior facilities are becoming more and more sophisticated, and large luxury cruise ships appear. Titanic, Olympic, Emperor and Queen Elizabeth are all famous luxury cruise ships in history. Luxury cruise ships from different eras are like the bustling sea cities of that era. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom officially named the luxury cruise ship "Queen Mary 2" docked in Southampton, England, on the 8th. Four days later, this ocean-going cruise ship, which is by far the largest, longest, tallest, most expensive and most luxurious hotel in the world, will begin its maiden voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to its destination of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. One-way fares from Southampton to New York start from as low as ￡999 (￡1 is equivalent to US$1.82) and go as high as ￡15,500. The longest, tallest and most expensive cruise ship was built by the famous French energy and transportation equipment manufacturer Alstom Group over two years and cost 550 million pounds (approximately US$1 billion). The cruise ship is 345 meters long, exceeding the height of the Eiffel Tower, nearly a quarter longer than the Titanic, which made its maiden voyage in 1912, and larger than the largest aircraft carrier in the United States. The cruise ship is 72 meters tall, as tall as a 23-story building, surpassing the Statue of Liberty in the United States. The cruise ship is 41 meters wide. This cruise ship with a displacement of 150,000 tons and a speed of 30 nautical miles per hour has 14 decks, 1,310 rooms, and can accommodate 2,620 passengers and 1,253 staff. There are also 14 bars, 10 dining areas, 5 swimming pools, function halls, grand ballrooms, nightclubs, gyms, gambling halls, simulated golf courses and children's activity centers in the United States, which can accommodate thousands of people, as well as 20 famous fashion store. The cruise ship's power supply system can be used for civil lighting in Southampton and can produce 1,100 tons of desalinated water per day. There is almost everything you can enjoy on land. The rich cultural atmosphere and strong cultural atmosphere are also a major feature of cruise ships. Anywhere one can go, within 10 steps, there is bound to be a work of art. Reliefs, murals, sculptures, oil paintings

For example, on both sides of the spacious corridor leading to the nightclub on the third deck, there are four large metal relief murals reflecting spring, summer, autumn and winter scenery. Their style is simple and vivid, with simple rain, snow and plant shapes bringing out the charm of the four seasons. The 7th deck of the Winter Garden is full of vibrant plant murals from all over the world. During the event, elegant piano and violin performances, jazz performances and pop music performances each have their own characteristics. In the multi-purpose hall, looking up, the dome-shaped canopy allows people to explore the mysteries of the starry sky and the universe, and the front desk can display and perform. The cruise ship, which is mainly based on high-tech achievements, also contains many modern scientific and technological achievements, many of which can be regarded as representatives of 21st century technology. For example, the most flexible and powerful marine mechanical propulsion system can allow the giant ship to dock more flexibly, and advanced navigation and communication equipment can make her sailing safer. However, in the face of this behemoth, people can't help but think of the maiden voyage of the Titanic cruise ship that also set out from Southampton more than 90 years ago. It has always remained in people's memory as the world's number one sunken ship. In this regard, 63-year-old Captain Warwick used 44 years of sailing experience to tell reporters that the necessary anti-terrorism and security facilities have been arranged and installed on the ship. According to him, the cruise ship is equipped with 24 lifeboats, each of which can carry 150 people. The Titanic (RMSTitanic) was the world's largest luxury passenger ship in the early 20th century. It was manufactured in Britain at the time. It's called the unsinkable time.

However, on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York on April 15, 1912, it struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sank. Due to the lack of enough lifeboats, 1,500 people died on the seabed, causing the most serious maritime accident in peacetime and the most serious maritime accident to date. Titanic was built at the Hanandiver shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland's largest city. The hull was launched on May 31, 1911. She was also the second Olympic steamer built by the White Star Line at the same shipyard. It was the largest and most prestigious manned cruise ship of its time. Titanic - Captain Smith, an old navigator, 62 years old. He planned to retire, but he agreed to command the Titanic on its maiden voyage before decommissioning. Rich people gathered on the boat, and people were immersed in happiness. At the restaurant wedding, everyone raised their glasses and were excited to be aboard the luxury cruise ship on its maiden voyage. On the deck, some people were chatting, and some were lying on chairs looking at the sea and enjoying the sunshine; in the cabin, children were playing and playing, and the entire cruise ship was filled with a joyful atmosphere. No one expected a disaster to come. On the morning of April 14, the cruise ship's telecommunications room received a telegram: Ice, big ice! But this telegram did not attract the captain's attention. At 11:40 noon, the telecommunications room received another telegram: Giant ice! But the telegram was not even sent to the cockpit. In the afternoon, another telegram came reporting that there were icebergs and lots of ice 250 miles ahead of the Titanic. But the captain was still careless. In the evening, the temperature dropped sharply. At that time, the Californians sailing in front of the Titanic discovered that it was surrounded by ice, stopped, and sent another telegram warning that there was a 78-mile-long iceberg directly ahead of the route. On this day, the Titanic received seven warning telegrams, the last of which was sent minutes before the cruise ship hit the iceberg! But it doesn't even attract attention! At 11:40 pm, the crew of the Titanic saw the iceberg with their own eyes, and it was too late to urgently notify the cockpit. Although the ship stopped immediately, capsized, and the right rudder avoided the iceberg, the starboard side of the ship still hit the iceberg! After being hit, the Titanic began to sink. The crew put women and children in lifeboats.

At 2:18, the cruise ship sank completely, and cries and calls for help came from the dark sea. The Titanic cost 75 million pounds, weighed 46,328 tons, was 882.9 feet long, 92.5 feet wide, and 11 stories high. . The ship not only has restaurants, bars, cafes, entertainment rooms and cinemas, but also has a swimming pool and gym for the first time. It was a first-class ultra-luxury ship at the time. The movie "World of 5,000 Years" is adapted from this true story. Titanic (English RMSTitanic), known as Titanic in Taiwan and Hong Kong, was the world's largest luxury passenger ship in the early 20th century and was manufactured in Britain. It's called The Unsinkable Time. However, on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York on April 15, 1912, it struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sank. Due to a lack of adequate lifeboats, 1,500 people were buried at the bottom of the sea, creating one of the most serious peacetime problems. Titanic was built at the Hanandiver shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland's largest city. The hull was launched on May 31, 1911. She was also the second Olympic steamer built by the White Star Line at the same shipyard. It was the largest and most prestigious manned cruise ship of its time. Titanic is 260 meters long, 28 meters wide, has a total weight of 46,329 tons (net weight 21,831 tons), a power of 3,000 horsepower, and a speed of 23 to 24 miles. Although it contains more space, it results in a greater overall tonnage. Her hull is still the same size as her sister ship Olympic. There are 899 crew members on board and can carry 3,300 passengers. Because she also carried mail, she was also known as the Royal Mail steamship Titanic. Only three of the four equally massive chimneys are actually functional. The rest is foil, its only practical use being as a chimney for the main kitchen. The Titanic was an unparalleled luxury item at the time. Although she was not the first ship to offer an on-deck swimming pool, gym, bathrooms and elevators, she made every effort to provide a level of service that had never been seen before. For first-class passengers, she provided three elevators; as an innovation, she provided one elevator for second-class passengers. Economy class passengers still need to climb stairs. One of her most famous features is her grand staircase. James Cameron faithfully recreated this staircase in his movie. "Titanic" can be regarded as a designated work of technical achievements. 16 waterproof compartments prevent her from sinking. During the voyage, a crew member told second-class female passenger Sylvia Caldwell that even if God himself came, He could not sink the ship. The Titanic, the site of its maiden voyage and sinking, departed from Southampton, a port city in southern England, England, on April 10, 1912, bound for New York, the United States. Captain Edward Smith left the port of Southampton at noon on July 12 and was originally scheduled to cross the North Atlantic to New York, USA. As she was about to set sail, another conventional ship, the New York, nearly hit her hull due to her huge water capacity, causing a delay of an hour. After her departure, Titanic first crossed the English Channel and docked in Cherbourg, France, to accept more passengers, and then docked in Queenstown, Ireland. Finally, she carried 1,324 passengers and 892 deck crew to New York. The Titanic divided passengers into three classes. Third class is also the cheapest on the lower deck of the ship. Most of these passengers were immigrants planning to build a new life on the other side of the Atlantic.

The decoration of the second-class cabins and ordinary rooms was actually on the same level as the first-class cabins of other ordinary ships at that time. Many second-class passengers originally placed first-class cabins on other ships, but because of the Titanic's voyage, they transferred coal energy to the Titanic and forgot about it; first-class cabins are the most expensive and luxurious part of the ship. At the time, some of the richest celebrities in the world were on this path.

The more famous are the then millionaire (theoretically in pounds or dollars) John Jacob Astor and his wife, entrepreneur Benjamin Guggenheim of Macy’s US department store Owners Isadore and Ida Staus. Unsinkable Molly Brown and others. White Star Cruises' director J. Bruce Ismay and chief designer Thomas Andrews also traveled in the ship's first class cabin. On the night of April 14, she hit an iceberg. During the collision with the iceberg, due to a misjudgment, the iceberg made an emergency turn at high speed and turned around. At the same time, the iceberg opened a long crack in the bottom of the ship. Not only were the rivets under the waterline on the starboard side loosened by the impact, but six watertight compartments were also flooded. Finally, due to too much water, the hull tilted to an alarming state close to the hull vertical (perpendicular to the horizontal plane). Because of the tilt, water could continue to pour in. Finally, the hull couldn't bear the weight. At that time, half of the hull on the water broke off and then sank to the bottom of the sea together with 1,522 people. On the port side of the ship, lifeboats carried only women and children. On the starboard side, men are allowed on board only after women have priority to escape. So more people were rescued on the starboard side than on the port side. Aftermath and impact of the accident Titanic schematic diagram inconsistent with public thinking: The internationally accepted Morse code distress signal SOS was used when the Titanic sank, but this was not the first example of SOS. purpose. The SOS signal was first proposed at the International Radiocommunication Conference in 1906 on the sea outside Berlin. The international community approved the proposal and gradually began widespread use in 1908, four years before the sinking of the Titanic. However, British radio operators rarely use SOS signals, preferring the old CQD distress signal. Titanic's chief radio officer, John George Philip, kept sending distress calls to CQD until junior radio operator Harold Bullard suggested to him: Send SOS, it's a new call signal, this could be you Last chance to send it in! Philip then mixed the distress signal with a traditional CQD distress signal. The next morning, the Californian finally received the distress signal because she did not stop monitoring the radio 24 hours a day. The disaster shocked the international community. Because it has proven to some people that man and man's technological achievements cannot be compared with the power of nature. At that time, steelmaking technology was not very mature, and the steel produced could not be made according to modern standards. The steel used on the Titanic contained many chemical impurities, such as zinc sulfide, and cold soaking in freezing seawater made the steel even more fragile. Today, a century later, several tall tales remain about the Titanic and its sinking. One was that her rudder was too small. A larger rudder would have avoided this disaster. A bigger rudder might have saved her. For that time her rudder was not too small for the size of her hull. In fact, according to today's U.S. regulations for ships, the size of the Titanic's rudder is still acceptable. Another theory is that there were not enough lifeboats on the Titanic. In fact, her number of lifeboats was in compliance with British law, which stipulates that the number of lifeboats is not based on the number of passengers, but on the tonnage of the ship. The number of lifeboats on all ships at the time was far below the required number, and the purpose of the lifeboats at the time was not to hold all passengers; they were only used to transfer passengers from the sinking ship to another rescue ship. The sinking of the Titanic changed this life-saving strategy forever. In fact, even if she had more lifeboats to carry all the passengers, there would still be no guarantee that more people would be rescued because the crew would not have time to lower all the lifeboats while she was sinking! Another theory is that the mechanical crew members stayed at their posts until the end. This was also mentioned and immortalized in a book published in 1988. The facts are: the machinery room was flooded at 1:15 a.m. In the final moments of the sinking, the machinist and furnace burner stood on the stern deck along with hundreds of others, trapped inside the ship without any hope of rescue.

On the other hand, there are many theories about the way the Titanic sank, including that the entire ship sank; it was close to the middle of the second and third funnels of the hull, and then sank vertically; , near the middle of the fourth chimney, the front of the hull drags the stern, and the stern sinks vertically. Until 1985, in front of the famous scientist Ballard, the wreckage of the Titanic was discovered in the waters about 380 miles southeast of Newfoundland. It was the bow part of the first two funnels and the stern part behind the fourth funnel. The third theory has been tentatively proven. The movie "Titanic" directed by James Cameron went through this theory. At that time, everyone thought that the hull of the third funnel had been blown to pieces and could never be found again. But in August 2005, an archaeological team sponsored by the History Channel discovered the hull, approximately 12 meters by 27 meters, 500 meters behind the stern wreckage. The red paint on the bottom of the boat is still clearly visible. This discovery even overturns the double-cut theory of the past 20 years. Scientists believe the Titanic sank after being folded into three parts.

The sinking of the Titanic greatly affected the ship. Manufacturing and radio and telegraph communications in the United States. On December 12, 1913, the first international conference on the safety of life at sea was held in London, England. The treaty enacted by Congress led to the creation and funding of the International Iceberg Inspection Organization. To this day, she continues to detect and report icebergs in the North Atlantic that could threaten ships. The treaty also agreed on a new clause: all manned ships must have enough lifeboats to carry all people on board and should have appropriate relevant training. That is, radio communication must be open 24 hours a day, plus a secondary backup power supply, so that the distress signal will not be missed. The treaty also agrees that any rocket fired from a ship must be interpreted as a distress signal. -. Plot joining date: February 27, 2006 Content introduction: At 2:20 a.m. on April 15, 1912, the Titanic weighed 465,000 tons. At the time, it was also known as the largest and safest luxury cruise ship in the world. On its maiden voyage from Southampton, England to New York, it hit a huge iceberg and sank off the coast of Canada's east coast, Newfoundland. At that time, there were 2,223 passengers on the ship frantically running for their lives. Unfortunately, only more than 700 passengers escaped this largest maritime disaster in history, and more than 1,500 other passengers on board also sank to the bottom of the sea with the giant ship. After nearly five years of careful planning and preparation, the filming of "The Worst Nightmare at Sea" began in July 1996. After a year of hard work and countless delays in filming, it was finally completed at the end of December 1997 and will be presented to the audience on December 20. James Cameron, who strives for perfection in everything, also exhausted the extreme special effects in the film, exceeding the budget of US$250 million, making "Titanic" the most expensive movie in film history.