Seek the travel notes of Confucius Temple in Confucius House?

Located in the center of Qufu, Shandong Province, the Confucius Temple is the largest place to worship Confucius in China. * * * There are nine courtyards, divided into left, middle and right roads, with a longitudinal length of 630m and a lateral width of140m. There are more than 460 temples, halls, altars and pavilions, 54 gates, and the Royal Monument Pavilion 13.

Confucius Temple in Qufu is a temple dedicated to Confucius, and it is the first and model of more than 2,000 Confucius temples in China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, the United States and other countries. It is said that the Confucius Temple was built in the second year after the death of Confucius, and Lu Aigong converted its former residence into a temple. Since then, successive emperors have continuously sealed Confucius and expanded temples. In the Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi ordered an overhaul and expanded it to a modern scale.

There are nine courtyards in the temple, which are divided into left, middle and right roads with the north-south axis. It is 630m long and 140m wide, with more than 460 halls, halls, altars and pavilions, and 54 doorways, 13 "Imperial Monument Pavilion". This is a building composed of various buildings.

Shengji Temple, Ming Tombs Pavilion and Dacheng Hall display a large number of stone inscriptions. In particular, the Han stele preserved here is the largest in China, and there are also many treasures in previous dynasties. The number of steles is second only to Xi 'an stele forest, which is called the second stele forest in China. Confucius Temple is an ancient architectural complex in China, second only to the Forbidden City in scale, and it is a model of ancient large-scale temple architecture in China.

The overall design of Confucius Temple is very successful. Shinto is on the front, and cypress trees are planted on both sides to create a solemn atmosphere and cultivate the reverence of temple worshippers; The main body of the temple runs through a central axis, which is symmetrical left and right and has a rigorous layout. There are nine courtyards before and after, and the first three are leading courtyards. There are only some small doorways, and the high plaques in the doorways give people a strong impression. The courtyard behind the fourth entrance, with magnificent buildings, yellow tiles, red walls and green trees, complements each other, which not only shows the profoundness of Confucius' thoughts, but also shows Confucius' great achievements.

The main buildings of Confucius Temple include the Monument Pavilion in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Kuiwen Pavilion in Ming Dynasty, Xingtan, Defeng Tiandi Square, Dacheng Hall and the sleeping hall rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. The Confucius Temple has preserved the inscriptions 1044 since the Han Dynasty. There are records of feudal emperors offering sacrifices to Confucius and building Confucius temples, as well as poems and inscriptions of emperors, generals and literati visiting the temples. It is the place where China has preserved the most inscriptions of the Han Dynasty. The inscription on the Confucius Temple is a treasure house of ancient calligraphy art in China.

The famous stone carvings in Confucius Temple include Han Dynasty stone reliefs, Ming and Qing stone pillars, and carved sacred pictures in Ming Dynasty. There are more than 90 stone reliefs in the Han Dynasty with a wide range of subjects, which are not only the records of people's social life, but also the reflection of historical stories, myths and legends. There are various carving techniques, such as line carving and relief. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 74 stone pillars carved in pounds, including 56 flat reliefs and 18 high reliefs. Most of the flat carvings restored on the ground are Xiaoyunlong and Fenghuang Peony, which were carved in Yong Zhengdi in the seventh year of Qing Dynasty, and flowers such as peony, pomegranate and lotus were carved in Chongsheng Temple with beautiful composition, which is a relic of Hongzhi in the seventeenth year of Ming Dynasty.

The exquisite stone carving is a relief dragon column. There are ten columns on the front eaves of Dacheng, each of which is six meters high and the highest. The two pillars of Chongsheng Temple are vigorous and lively, with the highest level. In addition, the characteristics of Yunlong stone in shallow relief in Shengshimen, Dachengmen and Dachengdian also have high artistic value. For more than two thousand years, the Confucius Temple in Qufu has been continuously destroyed and repaired, and it has never been abandoned. Under the protection of the state, it developed from Confucius' private residence into a huge building complex similar in scale and shape to the palace. Can be said to be an isolated case in the history of human architecture. Confucius House is located in Qufu City, east of Confucius Temple, and it is the residence of Confucius' eldest son and grandson, that is, the Duke's House of Feast. It was built in 1377 (the tenth year of Ming Hongwu), rebuilt and expanded in 1503 (the sixteenth year of Ming Hongzhi) and expanded in 1838 (the eighteenth year of Qing Daoguang). 1885 (the 11th year of Guangxu), seven buildings in the burnt-out inner hall were rebuilt. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people's government allocated funds for reconstruction many times. Adjacent to the Confucius Temple in the west, it is the place where descendants of Confucius' hereditary "Duke of Feast" lived for generations, and it is the largest mansion in China after the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

gate

Confucius is located in the center of Qufu, facing south and facing a huge white screen. On the left and right sides of the door, a pair of male and female stone lions more than 2 meters high are carved in a circle. The door with red edge and black paint is inlaid with the head of my sister-in-law. Above the middle of the door is a golden "Holy House" plaque with a blue background. On the pillars on both sides of the door, there is a pair of couplets with gold characters on a blue background: rest and prosper the country and enrich the people, be honored in the court, and write the same text on moral saints. This couplet is said to be the calligraphy of Ji Jun in Qing Dynasty. The beauty of the literati's words vividly illustrates the prominent position of Confucius in feudal society.

inside door

Passing through the first narrow courtyard is the second gate of Confucius Middle Road, commonly known as the Second Gate. The gate was built in the Ming Dynasty, and the lintel is hung with a vertical plaque inscribed by Li Dongyang, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, an official minister and a great scholar of Wenyuange. There is a valve reading bracket below, and the doorpost is supported by a stone drum. There is an axillary door on the left and right of the main entrance, and there is also an ear room. Feudal society usually only used the underarm door instead of the front door to show solemnity.

Shigemitsu gate

When you enter the door of the sage, you will see a small and unique screen door, which was built in the sixteenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty. The door is made of wood, and its surroundings are not connected with the wall. It is an independent courtyard, similar to a hall door. The screen door is plastered with gray tiles. The lintel is called "Chongguang Gate" because it has a plaque of "Chongguang" awarded by Sejong in Ming Dynasty. The Chongguang Gate is also called "semen" because it separates the front yard and the back yard into an independent courtyard. It is said that such a lawsuit against General Simon is not qualified, and only the "monarch" who has been knighted can enjoy this honor.

hall

Passing through the Chongguang Gate, there is a pedestal in the yard, on which there used to be sundials and other things, and behind it is the spacious main hall, namely the Confucius Hall. This is the text of the feast duke reading the imperial edict, meeting officials, applying for family regulations, hearing major cases, and holding festivals and birthdays. There are five halls and three meditation rooms, and gray tiles are hung on the top of the mountain. Under the eaves, a bucket of two liters of hemp leaves is arched horizontally, and the head of hemp leaves is exposed in front, which is quite Amin-like. In the middle of the lobby, there is a picture of a walking cloud, Babel Warm Pavilion. In the middle of the plush chair, there is a patched tiger skin. On the long red paint case-solving table in front of the chair, there are Four Treasures of the Study, Yin He and the sign tube.

Ertang

Also known as "Houtang", it is the place where the Duke of Feast received the bureaucrats above Grade 4 and was entrusted by the emperor to take the imperial examination in the first year. In the middle of the room, there is a big tablet of "Qin Cheng Xu Sheng" and "Poetry, Books, Rites and Music", and several stone tablets stand on both sides. Among them, when Guangxu of Qing Dynasty went to Beijing for his birthday in the twentieth year, he presented the Duke, his mother and his wife with inscriptions such as Shou, Jiu Tao Tu and Song He Tu. Between the tips of the two ends of the main hall, there is a notice hall in the east and a companion hall in the west.

Tangsan

Behind the second hall is a small courtyard with two towering cypresses side by side, and a grotesque Taihu stone stands in each of the six stone carving basins. The north room of this yard is the third hall. Tang San, also known as the retreat hall, is the place where the Duke of Feast meets officials who own more than four kinds of products, and where they deal with internal family disputes and punish government servants. The east and west rooms of this hospital each have a yard, the east room is responsible for the government's land lease, and the back room is responsible for the government's general affairs and finance. On the west is the study room, which was the document archive room of the government in those days.

Neizhaimen

In order to keep in touch with the outside world, there are two kinds of messengers in the inner door, one is called messenger and the other is called messenger. There are more than a dozen people on duty in the wing next to the door, sending messages to the outside at any time. On the west side of the door, there is a special rockfall flow, which is exposed outside the wall. It is stipulated in the government that water carriers are not allowed to enter the inner room, and only the water is poured into the partition wall of the tank and flows into the inner room.

Qianshangfang

Facing the wall of greed, there are seven main halls, named Qianshangfang. This is the living room where Confucius hosts receive their loved ones and relatives, and it is also the main place where they hold family banquets and wedding and funeral ceremonies. There is a lush thyme tree on the east and west sides of the courtyard. At the turn of spring and summer, white flowers give off bursts of fragrance. There is a big platform in front of the house, and there are four stone drums with noses on the four corners, which are the scaffolding stones for the troupe in the government to sing. At the end of the Qing dynasty, there were dozens of troupes in Confucius' house. As soon as the master gave the order, they began to sing. In the front building, the room is bright and bright, and there is a big plaque hanging in the middle of it. Above the main hall, there is a picture of the word "Shou" inscribed by Cixi.

Qiantang building

Go through the front building, through a low door, and you will enter the lobby building. The pine trees in the courtyard are tall and straight, and the fish pond is opposite to the east and west, quiet and elegant, with a touching feeling. The lobby building consists of seven two-story pavilions, and the interior furnishings are still the original appearance of the year. There is a copper heater in the middle, which was the heating appliance at that time. In the "Duobaoge" in the east, rockhopper, ginseng, coral, ganoderma lucidum, jade carving and tooth carving are displayed. The inner suite is the bedroom of Kong Lingyi, the 76th grandson of Confucius and the Duchess of Feast, and the bedroom of Kong Lingyi's two daughters is in the back room. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, the banner inscribed by Sun Yat-sen and the Duke of Feast Kong Decheng, "The heart of a saint is like a pearl in the deep, and the heart of Shu Ren is like a gourd ladle in the water" was hung on the wall intact.

Houtanglou

Go through the front and back of the building and enter the backyard building. There are seven buildings in the back hall, with a front porch on the second floor, and three annex buildings with front porches on the east and west sides. The Houtang Building is the residence of Kong Decheng, the 77th generation grandson and duke of Confucius. Kong's wedding supplies were displayed in the hall, as well as calligraphy and paintings and gifts presented by friends at that time. The east inner room was the reception room at that time, equipped with Chinese and western furniture, and the inner room was the bedroom of Kong Decheng and his wife Sun Qifang.

back garden

Confucius Garden is located in the backyard of Confucius' inner hall, also known as Tieshan Garden. In fact, there is no iron mountain in Tieshan Garden, but there are several iron mines shaped like peaks in the northwest corner of the garden. This stone was moved by Kong Qingrong when he rebuilt the garden in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. He said that the Third Ring Road in the sky helped him to repair the garden. Since then, he has called himself "the owner of Tieshan Garden".

The park was built in the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty. Built at the same time as the renovation and expansion of Confucius House, it was designed by Changsha supervisor Li Dongyang. At that time, Li Dongyang was a teacher of the Prince, an official minister, a university student in Huagaidian and the president of national history. Why did he design it himself? Because Li Dongyang's daughter married Kong Wenshao, the sixty-second grandson of Confucius, and became his wife, he worked hard to build a garden for her. After the completion of Confucius House and Confucius Temple, Li Dongyang wrote poems and inscribed tablets four times, which recorded this grand occasion. After the construction, Yan Song succeeded Li Dongyang in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and concurrently served as Prince Taifu, official department minister, college student of Huagaidian, president of national history and prime minister of the DPRK. He also took a fancy to Confucius and married his granddaughter to Confucius and Kong Shangxian, the sixty-fourth generation grandson of the Duke of Feast, as the first lady. Yan Song also helped the Duke of Feast rebuild Confucius' House, repair the gardens, moved strange stones from famous mountains around the country, and transplanted famous flowers and grasses from gardens around the country, making the gardens of Confucius' House even more impressive. He Ao Dai Yan's songs.