China-the Road of Tang Poetry in East Zhejiang-Shaoxing Huiji Qinwangshan Buddhist Cultural Tourism Zone

The road of Tang poetry in eastern Zhejiang

There is a road of Tang poetry in Zhejiang, which was recognized by experts and scholars at home and abroad in the 1990s.

This poetic road starts from Qiantang River, goes back to Shaoxing Jinghu Lake, along the East Zhejiang Canal and Cao 'e River, turns south into Tongxi River, and reaches Liang Shi Waterfall in Tiantai Mountain via Tianmu Mountain in Wozhou, with a total length of190km.

In this article, "even the peaks are dozens of miles, and the bamboo is cultivated with the flat." On the ancient road, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty followed suit, thus drifting out a road of poetry with distinctive personality and unique charm. Here, there is Li Bai, a poet who "all the five mountains are sacred, not thinking about the distance, according to my unchanging habit all my life" He went to Zhejiang four times, went to Tiantai Mountain three times, and sang "Tianmu Mountain dreams in my heart" and "My dream is in Wu Heyue". They crossed Jinghu Lake on a moonlit night, and the moonlit night took a photo of me. Who will send me to Shanxi? The poem remembers Du Fu wandering here for four years, but he still remembers "I can't forget what I want to do in the stream;" Even more Bai Juyi praised it as "the southeast mountains and rivers have more heads, broken faces, and the eyes of the continent are eyebrows." Poets either go downstream, or go upstream, or ride swords alone, or take office, relegate to official tours, or indifferent to the world of mortals, leisurely in the mountains and rivers, and wander in love, forming a high-level tourist landscape with rich and diverse connotations. According to rough statistics, Su Li, Shen Song, Bao Xie, Wen Li, Bai Yuan, Sanjun, Sanjue, Sanluo, Sanbao, Sijie, Siyou, Shi Siming and Shi Siming have similar achievements and fame.

Why does the ancient mountain Xi road attract so many poets to love it? This is due to the unique geographical location and cultural accumulation of this magical land: here, three famous mountains, Huiji, Siming and Tiantai, are surrounded by knots, and a waterway in the middle is suddenly enlightened. Several literati and scholars follow the sound and gradually gather and widen, and the mountains on both sides of the strait are like a paradise. The ancients swam mainly by water, the water just climbed mountains and sang songs, and Tunxi was just the key to the rooftop portal; More importantly, it has rich humanistic accumulation. There is the magical fable of Ren Gongzi's "squatting to remember casting poles in the East China Sea", the wonderful legend that Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao went to Tiantai Mountain to collect herbs and meet immortals, the elegant story of a generation of eminent monk Zhi Daolin's "buying mountains to hide", and the landscape poet Xie Lingyun's "chopping down trees to clear the way" to ascend to heaven with clogs. They learn knowledge, write poems and fu, and educate customs. There are also the footprints of 18 scholars and 18 eminent monks, such as Wang Xizhi, Zhu Daoqian and Bai Daoyou. They traveled and sang, and the wise masters who created a generation of Buddhism founded Tiantai Sect through Wozhou, and finally died in Xinchang Buddhist Temple, which attracted many poets in the Tang Dynasty to admire the Wei, Jin, Han and pre-Qin cultures and even prehistoric legends.

Since the early 1990s, groups of famous scholars have embarked on this road of poetry. Twenty-three delegates attending the China International Academic Conference on Tang Dynasty Literature witnessed Jing's elegant demeanor, and jointly wrote to the governments of Shaoxing, Ningbo, Taizhou and Jinhua to discuss ways to re-develop and utilize Tang poetry. 1more than 20 delegates attending the 7th annual Tang Dynasty Literature Conference and International Academic Seminar gathered in Shicheng Ancient Temple, visited Shang Ling, Lanting, Jinghu and Wozhou, paid tribute to Xihe Tomb and Zhudao Buried Hill Museum, boarded Tianmu Mountain, imperial academy and Liang Shi Bridge, appreciated the original flavor of "this trip is not for bass, but for famous mountains" and lamented that you have come.

The ancients said: the mountain is not high, and the fairy is not in name; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. Considered by contemporary academic circles as the center of Buddhism in China period, the birthplace of China's landscape poetry literature and the gathering place of aristocratic culture, the road of Tang poetry in eastern Zhejiang has become a tourist hotline with elegant style and rich cultural connotation in recent years, attracting our sight of leisure and vacation like a bright pearl.

Author: Wang Yincan Chen Zhengxiang

China-the Road of Tang Poetry in East Zhejiang-Shaoxing Huiji Qinwangshan Buddhist Cultural Tourism Zone

Shaoxing Huiji Qinwangshan Buddhist Cultural Tourism Zone

(The Road of Tang Poetry in East Zhejiang-Welcome to the Qinwangshan Buddhist Cultural Zone in Huiji, Shaoxing)

Located in Pingjiang Village, Pingshui Town, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, Huiji Qinwangshan Buddhist Cultural Tourist Area is also an important part of the road of Tang poetry in eastern Zhejiang. Specifically, it includes the following major scenic spots-Yunmen Ancient Temple, China Sanlun Zongzuting Jiaxiang Temple, Buddhist Holy Land-Tianyi Temple (Huokeji), Chongfu Temple (Chongfu Temple), beautiful Ruoye Xishi, Huiji Lake Scenic Area, Wang Qinshan boarded by Qin Shihuang, Huiji Stone Carving (Lisibei), Yunmen Mountain, Yunmen Mingjue Temple and Yunmen Fusaiji. Debate Pavilion, Debate Tower, Caotang, West Wild Goose Lake, Pen Washing Pool, Pavilion, Zhiyong Monk (iron sill, pencil returned to the tomb), Wang Siren (1630), Fan Yunlin's calligraphy, yunmen temple Collection by famous calligraphers Dong Qichang, Chen Jiru and Dong, and pen storehouse. Wang Bo imitated Lanting's "Qushui Liuxiang" site, Wuxunxi, Bairu Pavilion, Wuyunshan Pavilion, Fireman Pagoda, Xifeng Pavilion Tomb, Cedar Ancestor Tomb, Xuejiao Pagoda, Yunmen Li Zhuo Stone Archway, Yunmen Ancient Temple Stone Archway and other cultural relics and architectural attractions. The following are brief introductions:

First, the holy land of calligraphy-Yunmen Ancient Temple

Yunmen temple is located in a narrow valley at the foot of Qinwang Mountain, 0/6km south of Shaoxing/Kloc-6, within the territory of Silitou Village, Pingshui Town. This is a thousand-year-old temple with a long history, and it is also an ancient cultural resort integrating religion, culture and sightseeing.

Yunmen temple was founded in the third year of Jin Dynasty (407). According to historical records, Wang Xianzhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, lived here in seclusion. One night, colorful auspicious clouds suddenly appeared on the roof of his house. Wang Xianzhi reported this matter to the emperor, and Emperor Jin 'an wrote a letter to transform it into a temple called yunmen temple, and the stone bridge in front of him was named Wuyun Bridge. The minutes of the meeting in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (Volume 16) wrote yunmen temple Ji, in which it was said that "the temple book made the former residence. In the third year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (407), there were five-color moire patterns on it, and the story of Andi was called Yunmen in history. " Yunmen temple used to be very big. According to the records of local chronicles and the maps drawn, there are many stone archways such as "Yunmen Ancient Temple" and "Yunmenzai" in the ancient mouth of Yunmen Mountain, and there are famous "Identification Tower" and "Li Judgment Pavilion" beside the road. The identification tower was built by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, and the beautiful pavilion contains poems praising Yunmen by poets of all ages. Yunmen temple * * * Five Enters: Shanmen, Wei Tuo Hall, Daxiong Hall, Dharma Hall and Zen Hall. Besides the main temple, there are other sub-temples, such as Kanjing Academy, Shao Shi Normal University (Qiantang) and Guangfu Garden. Later, these sub-temples also became temples independently, which were called Xiansheng Temple, Yongxi Temple and Shousheng Temple. In fact, there are many temples nearby, and "Cloud Gate" is just a general term. According to Lu You's yunmen temple Shoushengyuan, "yunmen temple has been famous all over the world since the Jin and Tang Dynasties. The old man said that in the past, he was prosperous and saw only mountains and rivers, repeated Tata, rocks passing through the valley, and golden flowers flying ... tourists were exhausted and often lost. " The Ming Wanli Hui Ji Zhi has been published for sixteen years: "There are six temples in Yunmen today: Xiaoguang, where eunuchs live; Go to the temple to talk about recovery; Look at the scholastics and show the saints; Bored and excited, the courtyard is early and happy; West is called Puji; In the south, Mingjue has its own attractions. " It serves to show the grand occasion at that time.

"Ten peaks ancient tour, the road into the cloud gate is as steep as a ladder. Delicate and gradually divided into the mausoleum of the Qin Dynasty, the cold sound is still in the west. " Yunmen temple, as a temple jungle with beautiful nymphs and quiet environment, has especially become the object of landscape appreciation by literati in past dynasties. Wang Bo, Song, Qian Qi, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Cui Hao, Sun Bin, Li Bao, Fan Zhongyan, Lu You, Li, Jin Juan, Liu Ji and Wang Siren all left immortal poems here. Yunmen temple is also the most famous calligraphy resort in Shaoxing except Lanting, and many anecdotes of famous people in the history of China calligraphy are related to it. Yunmen temple's predecessor was Wang Xianzhi's former residence. According to legend, Wang Xianzhi practiced calligraphy in seclusion. The Lanting Tie by Wang Xizhi, the best running script in the world, has also been preserved in yunmen temple for a long time. Sun Zhiyong, the seventh generation of Wang Xizhi, and his nephew Huixin once became monks here. Both uncles and nephews are calligraphers, and they are highly respected by Liang Wudi, so yunmen temple was once renamed as "Yongxin Temple". Zhiyong has two disciples, one is Zhiguo and the other is Cai Bian, both of whom are descendants of his calligraphy. Wisdom is better than blue. Emperor Yang Di once said to Zhi Yong: "Monks (meaning Zhi Yong) get the flesh of the right army and wisdom gets the bones of the right army." At that time, there were many people asking for books, and households were restricted to wear them. Behind Zhiyong, the original of Wang's heirloom "Lanting Tie" was collected, and the imperial history sent by Emperor Taizong was collected here in yunmen temple. On the third day of March in the second year of Tang Gaozong (675), Wang Bo, the leader of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, presided over a restoration activity in yunmen temple, imitating Wang Xizhi's Collection of Lanting Elegant, and also wrote a Preface to Restoration, in which the narrative part wrote: "In the spring and March of the following year, it was also restored in the mountain pavilion." The scenery is lingering, and I am fascinated by the suburbs. Pieces of fairy clouds are far away and near, born in the sparse forest. Weeds will grow, not just Taoxi. Birds fly around in the evening, and there is a warbler in the valley. Wang is full of green grass. In Fiona Fang, every family is green. "There are many buildings and facilities related to the above-mentioned personnel in yunmen temple, such as the mountain pavilion, the pen storehouse, the iron sill for wisdom and courage, the tomb for retired wisdom and courage, the identification tower and the Yunmen Caotang where Lu You studied when he was young. Unfortunately, with the collapse of the whole ancient temple, they have all become historical relics.

Yunmen temple has been depressed since the late Ming Dynasty, and now there is only one pool in Mo Chi, one bridge with five clouds, two wooden buildings in Qing Dynasty and several east rooms. The first entrance and the third entrance open the mountain gate, which are buildings in the early Qing Dynasty. Above the lintel, the words "Yunmen Ancient Temple" are written in big letters. It was also used as the Wei Tuo Hall in the Ming Dynasty, which is convenient for civilian use. The second and third rooms, Daxiong Hall, were built in Qing Dynasty. There is a horizontal plaque of "Daxiong Hall" under the front eaves. The Ming-style five beams have a front porch, and the front and rear gold columns are round and the column base is drum-shaped. The structure between east and west is a barrel-type structure. Between the gallery walls at the northern end of the East Wing, there is a tablet inscribed by Wang Siren, Fan Yunlin, Dong Qichang and Dong Chen Jiru in the third year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1630). The monument is Taihu stone with a rectangular base. The monument is 148 cm high and 82 cm wide. The inscription describes the geographical location of yunmen temple and the process of yunmen temple's ascension. This is a confirmation of ancient yunmen temple. There is a clear spring behind the temple, which is said to be the "West Weir Lake" in Wang Xianzhi. The clear water in the pool is like the eyes of an old man in history, flashing mysterious spirits. Around the temple, there are also many abandoned houses, which are the remains of ancient temples.

Second, China Sanlun Zongzuting-Jiaxiang Temple

According to the book "Shaoxing Religion" edited by Zhu Guanpu and Zhu Yue, Jiaxiang Temple is located in the Guanyin sinus of Chashan at the foot of Wang Qin Mountain in Pingjiang Village, Pingshui Town, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. Its east faces Ruoye Mountain, and Ruoye River flows north between the two mountains. According to Buddhist historical records, Jiaxiang Temple was built in the first year of Kangning in Eastern Jin Dynasty (373) to the third year of Taiyuan in Shanxi Province (378). General Wei Hui, the chief magistrate (literature and history), built Jiaxiang Temple to welcome Zhu to become a monk. At that time, monk Zhu went from Huqiu in Pingjiang (now Suzhou) to Ruoyuexi at the foot of Shandong Mountain, and met monk Bo (abbot of yunmen temple) in the forest, so he indulged himself in the dust to learn from the scriptures. Wang Hui yearned for the lofty morality of Taoism, especially created Jiaxiang Temple, and invited it as the first monk. According to "Buddhism in China", during his stay in Jiaxiang Temple, Zhu took six objects and left them in the temple, and made thousands of Buddha statues, which were made with a thin copper hammer. The carving art also made a breakthrough, so he was praised by all walks of life at that time. Zhu jingyan studied Buddhism, learned from the strengths of China and foreign countries, and practiced dharma rigorously. Therefore, monks and nuns from all corners of the country, with their virtues in all directions, were attached to counseling, which was then called "Kyushu Tsuina". At this time, the Prajnaparamita of Buddhism was quite prosperous, with six schools and seven schools, and Zhu was the representative of the "illusory school".

Since Zhu, Jiaxiang Temple in Yuezhou has fallen one after another. Over the past 500 years, monks and masters have come forth in large numbers. The Buddhist market is booming and Buddhism is thriving. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (405-4 18), a monk named, from the east of Lushan Mountain, traveled among the five mountains and lived in Jiaxiang Temple. Dedication, self-denial, guidance, hard work, new classics are written and talked about. Involved for five years, died in the temple. During the Southern Song Dynasty (465-47 1), Tan Ji, an eminent monk in Chang 'an, was good at Fahua and Pitan, and traveled to study, so he stayed in Jiaxiang Temple. During the Southern Liang Dynasty (503-557), the famous Buddhist historian Hui Jue lived in Jiaxiang Temple for more than 30 years. Hui Jiao, a native of Shangyu, studied the laws of Confucian classics extensively, and published books in spring, summer, autumn and winter. He wrote Nirvana Yi Shu and so on. , and became a book "Biography of Monks", which became the representative work of China Buddhism in the Department of History.

Third, the holy land of Buddhism-Tianyige Temple

Tianyi Temple, formerly known as Hokkeji, is located at the northwest foot of Wang Qin, about 20 kilometers south of Shaoxing. Huokeji was founded by Tan Yi, a monk, in the 12th year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4 16). Tan Yi, a native of Yuhang, became a monk at the age of seven and shaved at the age of sixteen. Began to enter Lushan Mountain, and later worshipped Guan Zhongshi as a teacher. In the twelfth year, Yixi toured Huiji Mountain with the shaman exploring snow, and saw the King of Qin and the North of Shanxi, where five mountains are connected and ten peaks stand. The two Qingxi streams in the south and west are like two jade belts. Surrounded by mountains on all sides, it is one, full of weather, ghostly fantasy, empty forests and valleys, melodies of pine branches, and peaks competing for green valleys and smoke. With such a scenic spot, Tan Yi decided to tie the knot in Mao 'an, recite the Beijing Classic and live here for a long time.

Tan Yi practiced here for twelve years. It is said that Bodhisattva Samantabhadra turned into a beautiful woman to test Tan Yi. Tan Yi is unmoved by women's feelings. Bodhisattva samantabhadra views its sincere Buddhism, saying that it is the moon in the water and cannot be polluted. So, Pu Xian did it. It was raining cats and dogs, which shook the mountains. Soon after the rain stopped, auspicious clouds shone brightly on the earth, and Bodhisattva Samantabhadra appeared in the clouds, causing a sensation in the ruling and opposition parties. At that time, Meng Yi appeared in court in Huiji, demanding the construction of Huokeji. Later, with the full support of Meng Ai and Fuchun billionaire Chen Zai, Tan Yi built a temple called "Huokeji". Tan Yi studied Hokkekyo in the temple, eating vegetables and drinking water, and practiced carefully for more than 30 years.

In Nanliang, Zen master Huiju lived in seclusion at the Buddhist learning place. Liang Wudi (502-5 19) recruited Huiju as a Buddha, but Huiju refused to follow. Xiao Tong, the prince of Zhaoming at that time, saw that he was strong-hearted, and specially gave him a golden-wisped Mulan cassock. Liang Wudi Shi Ye Temple has Four Treasures of the Study: twelve Guanyin with sandalwood wings and rosewood; There are a pair of red silver algae bottles; There are a pair of red glass bowls; There is also a bronze statue of the towering Buddha, plus five treasures of the robes given by the prince, hidden in the temple, and then presented in the west preface of the main hall. (According to Song Jiatai's "Huiji", the five treasures are "now". ))5tx 3 # =； (G

Among the five treasures, the majestic Buddha statue was originally cast by Ashoka of the Western Regions. Ashoka's four daughters are ugly, and Ashoka wants her to be straight and beautiful. She cast 49 statues of her in gold and copper, wearing headdresses and lotus flowers, which spread all over the world and planted blessings for all beings in the world. This Buddha statue crossed the ocean and was introduced to China. Liang Wudi used it on Hockjee. Huo Keji changed his name to Tianyi Temple because the son of heaven gave treasure and the prince gave clothes. (different from later legends)

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (84 1-846), Tang Wuzong ascended the throne. At the instigation of Taoist Li Guizhen, he issued a "Shaman Killing Order", which abolished the temple, burned scriptures and confiscated property. Many monks in the temple died as martyrs. The state confiscated tens of millions of hectares of temple land; More than 260,000 monks and nuns; Destroyed more than 4600 famous temples. The world said that "Huichang law is difficult." In this movement, Tianyi Temple was not spared, and the Buddha destroyed the temple and was defeated.

Six years later, Tang Wuzong died, and Xuanzong ascended the throne (847-859), reviving Buddhism, rebuilding temples and Tianyi Pavilion. During the reconstruction, Hokkeji was officially changed to Tianyi Temple. At the same time, ten peaks were expanded behind the Hall of the Great Hero, and the names of each hall were named after the ten peaks around the hall: 1. Fahua, 2. Clothes bowl, 3. Trish, 4. Chaoyang, 5. Cloud gate, 6. Rely on Qin, forbear. Goddess, 8. Whistling ape, 9. Yun Qi, ten years old. Yue Ling. In front of the Ten Peaks Hall, there is a Preface to the Huokeji Monument on Mount Qin of Datang written by Li Yong, the secretariat of the state (now Yongjia) in the 23rd year of Tang Kaiyuan (736). According to the monument, Tan Yi entered Zen wisdom in his early years, and he was particularly familiar with Buddhism. He traveled to Wang Qin with the shaman exploring snow, and camped in Lan Ruo, northwest Tan Yi, specializing in Fahua. This monument was turned into a piece of rubble in "Huichang Fanan" and was rebuilt. Many poets set foot in Tianyi Pavilion in the Tang Dynasty: Song, Huang, Liu Changqing, Yu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Xue Ji, Luo Yin, Fang Gan, Sheng Jiao Ran, Qi and so on. They all have poems endowed with temples. Master Hai Hui in Song Dynasty has: Poems of Ten Peaks in Heaven, with Qian Yi as the order.

In the first year of Song Xuanhe (1119-125), the emperor issued a letter, the monk changed to a virtuous man (that is, a Taoist), and the temple changed to a Taoist temple. The bronze Buddha has a ten-day period to be imported into the government. Probably this order was unpopular, and ministers disagreed, causing a commotion. The emperor also ordered the restoration of the temple, and ordered the bronze Buddha not to lose power, so the Weiwei bronze Buddha in Tianyi Temple has been strictly enshrined in the temple.

Fourth, if it is also west.

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