What are the customs and habits of the Shui and Miao people?

Men and women in the aquarium like to wear blue and blue clothes. Men wear long skirts and short shirts and are covered with green cloth. Women usually wear a collarless blue coat, a bib with a thorn pattern on the chest and blue trousers on the bottom. Women's clothes and trousers are laced with lace. Wear a skirt on holidays and comb your long hair diagonally. Every major festival or banquet, I like to wear earrings, collars, bracelets and other silver ornaments. Rice is the staple food of the Shui people, followed by corn, barley, wheat and sweet potato. I like to eat glutinous rice, fish, soju and sweet wine, and regard them as sacrifices and essential foods for entertaining relatives and friends in festivals. Most of the buildings are wood structures, which used to be "thousand columns" buildings in history, and now bungalows account for the majority.

Aquarium is hospitable. Guests should take the initiative to say hello when they get home and let them sit down and deliver water. During the festival, whether the guests know each other or not, they should be warmly treated when they get home. For guests, wine is the most expensive food, and killing pigs and fish is the main food for VIPs. The pig's head and the chicken's head symbolize dignity, so the chicken's head should respect the guests, and the pig's head should be kept as a farewell sacrifice.

The family form of the Shui nationality is a monogamous father's small family. Two or three hundred years ago, young men and women of Shui nationality were relatively free in love and marriage. However, with the development of feudal economy, the marriage relationship was marked with a distinct class brand, emphasizing "the right family" and "discussing wealth by marriage". Under the yoke of feudal paternalism, most of the marriages of young men and women were arranged by their parents. When getting married, the groom does not say hello to the bride, but invites several unmarried young people to say hello. The bride walked to the man's house with an umbrella, without ceremony. After the banquet, the bride returns to her parents' home on the same day or the next day, and usually stays with her husband's family for half a year. The funeral custom of Shui nationality is complicated, and its procedure can be roughly divided into six stages: funeral, funeral, auspicious selection, burial, monument erection and decommissioning.

Religious beliefs and important festivals

Shui people used to believe in polytheism and animism. Take "Liu Yigong" and "Liu Yigong" as the right god. According to legend, he is the creator of Shui Shu. In case of life and death, disease and famine, ghosts should be invited to perform divination and chanting, offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, featuring fish sacrifices. Divination mainly includes egg divination. In ancient times, the Shui people had a sarcophagus tomb. Its coffin is shaped like a "dry fence", with bronze drums and various patterns carved around it, which is quite ethnic. In the late Qing Dynasty, Catholicism was introduced. But the number of believers is very small.

Shui people have their own family calendar, which is basically the same as the summer calendar. The difference is that the water calendar ends in August and begins in September. From the end of August to the beginning of 10, these four festivals are the "end" festivals, which are the biggest festivals in the aquarium. The water language is called "borrowing". It is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality. During the festival, horse racing, bronze drum dance and Lusheng dance will be held. And hold a grand banquet. Some Shui people celebrate Mao Festival, that is, September is a festival. In addition, there are "Forehead Festival", "Xiajie Festival" and "Suning Happy Festival", and festivals such as Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, June 6th and July 30th are also celebrated. Miao customs

Family Miao people generally practice a small family system centered on the paternal line. Family members live together for more than two or three generations, but less for more than four generations. Most of them separated from their parents and set up another family after their son got married. Parents often live with their youngest son or their favorite son.

In the family, male parents have greater power, followed by female parents, and adult children have the right to "participate". Only men can inherit family property. At the time of separation, except one for parents as a "pension field", the rest were inherited by the son. Brothers split equally. There is no eldest son (or youngest son) inheritance system. In some places, the eldest son of an ex-wife can get more points, but there is no system. Women have no right to inherit. In some places, such as some Miao people in southeastern Guizhou, unmarried girls are also given a small amount of land as living expenses, which is called "girls' field". Parents or brothers who live together are responsible for it, but girls are not entitled to enjoy it after marriage, and some of it is not recovered until the girl dies. A husband has the right to inherit property. If a widow does not remarry, she can also inherit the property of her late husband. If she changes her house, she will be inherited by her ex-husband's son.

The relationship between the immediate relatives and collateral relatives of Miao people is generally close, with only a slight degree of intimacy. They form a family, take care of each other and support each other in poverty. In the same generation of family members, regardless of immediate collateral, regardless of relatives and friends, they are all brothers and sisters. Those who are related to their parents are called uncles and parents. People the same age as grandparents are called grandfathers or grandmothers. Grandfathers and grandmothers are generally referred to as generations above grandfathers. We usually call the next generation by their first names.

Miao people are very particular about family education and rules. It is a traditional virtue to be filial to parents, be friendly to brothers and sisters, respect the elders and care for the younger generation. Uncle and sister-in-law can't cross the line Elders can't make fun of their daughters-in-law and grandchildren. Younger generations should not be frivolous in front of their elders.

There is a strong cohesion within the Miao family. In daily life, we care about each other. If a family has great difficulties, help the family; The poor have no clothes to wear, but the whole family is strong. Disputes are similar, small things are criticized and persuaded, and big things are decided by prestigious people in the clan. In the family, the concept of unity with the outside world is also very strong.

Miao families used to have their own surnames, namely Miao surnames. Originated from ancient clans, it is generally called so-and-so or so-and-so branch. Some branches are named after their leaders, while others are named after place names and animal names. In order to trace the genealogy, people often adopt the system of father-son serial surnames when naming names, which can trace back to the origin of the family in the order of serial surnames. Father and son are linked by the child's name and the father's name, and some are linked by the grandfather's name. For example, the father's name is Bao, and the son's name is Yan Bao. As in my grandfather's name, it is connected as Yanbaoli. This is the formal naming method for ordinary direct descendants of adults, except that children take nicknames. The naming of Anshun area is very grand, and families with drums will hold ceremonies and hold a reception at the dinner party to name it. Ziyun District was named as a grand banquet, which was connected by many square tables. From the main room to the courtyard outside the house, the family sat on one side and the father-in-law family sat on the other side. Discuss over dinner. The name is auspicious, but it can't be the same as the names of parents and elders on both sides.