Cultural and artistic values of the four famous pavilions in China.

Chuzhou Zuiweng Pavilion 1

Overview of Zuiweng Pavilion

Located at the foot of Langya Mountain in the southwest of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, it is also known as "the four famous pavilions in China" with Beijing Taoran Pavilion, Changsha Aiwan Pavilion and Hangzhou Huxin Pavilion. It is one of the famous historical sites in Anhui Province and a pavilion written by Ouyang Xiu, a great essayist in the Song Dynasty. Zuiweng Pavilion is small and unique, with the characteristics of Konantei. It is close to the steep mountain wall, with cornices hanging in the air. Although it has been robbed and rebuilt many times for hundreds of years, it will never be forgotten. After liberation, the people's government listed Zuiweng Pavilion as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit and repaired it many times.

Zuiwengting special

The architectural layout around Zuiweng Pavilion is compact and unique, with the characteristics of Jiangnan gardens. Although the total area is less than 1000 square meters, there are nine different landscapes. Zuiwengting, Baosongzhai, Fenggong Temple, Gumeiting, Xiang Ying Pavilion, Yiting Pavilion, Yiting Pavilion, Gumeitai and Lan Yu Terrace all have their own styles and are called "Nine Scenes of Zuiwenging". There is a "Rangquan" in front of Zuiweng Pavilion. The spring is a stream that treats guests and gives gifts. The water is gurgling all the year round and crystal clear. Langya Mountain is not only elegant, but also has a long cultural history. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, numerous literati such as Wei, Ouyang Xiu, Xin Qiji, Wang Anshi, Mei, Song Lian,, Xue and so on have written poems here. Zuiwengting Ji includes Zuiwengting Ji inscribed by Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, named "Irving Perilla". There is a high platform at the highest place behind the pavilion, which is called "Xuan Di Palace". Looking around on the stage, I saw the mountains dripping green and birds singing together, which was refreshing!

The origin of Zuiweng Pavilion

In the fifth year of the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1045), Ouyang Xiu came to Chuzhou and met the abbot of Langya Temple, Zhi Xian, and soon became a bosom friend. In order to facilitate Ouyang Xiu's play, Zhixiante built a small pavilion at the foot of the mountain, and Ouyang Xiu personally took it as a note. This is the famous "drunken pavilion". From then on, Ouyang Xiu often went to the pavilion with friends to have fun and drink. "The Taishou and the guests come here to drink, and they get drunk when they drink less. The year is the highest, so they call themselves alcoholics." "Drunk Pavilion" got its name. Ouyang Xiu not only drinks here, but also often works here. There is a poem that praises: "I am happy for the government and always put my business in the pavilion."

Zuiwengting in the wind

After the completion of Zuiweng Pavilion, it attracted many tourists. At that time, Dr. Shen Zun, the doctor of Taichang, came here, and after watching it, he created a piano song "Intoxicating Songs" (a song called "Taishoucao") with Ouyang Xiuqin as the lyrics. Now a couplet in front of Feng Gong Temple, "Spring sounds like a satrap, and the sea and sky shine on Langya Mountain", means this. After several years, Ouyang Xiu and Shen respect each other, "Drinking at midnight", and Shen Zun plays the piano "Song of the Drunken Man" and "Three Rings in the Palace Que", "Like a phoenix, birds are singing in the warm sun, and spring is ringing in the quiet mountains at night". The sound of the piano reminded Ou Gong of swimming and drinking in the pavilion, that is, writing poems as gifts. "

When Zuiweng Pavilion was first built, there was only one pavilion. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, a bronze mouth pavilion was built next to it. In the Ming dynasty, it began to flourish. According to legend, the house had been built to "hundred columns" at that time, but it was later destroyed many times. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, the whole garden was in ruins. It was not until the seventh year of Guangxu (A.D. 188 1) that the observation of the whole pepper rebuilt Xue and the Zuiweng Pavilion was restored to its original state.

2/ Beijing Taoranting

General situation of Taoranting

It is located in the west of Bates buddhist nun in Beijing, and it is also called "the four famous pavilions in China" with Changsha Aiwan Pavilion, Hangzhou Huxin Pavilion and Anhui Zuiweng Pavilion. It is one of the famous historical sites in Beijing.

The origin of Taoranting

In the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1695), Jiang Zao, a doctor of the Ministry of Industry, was ordered to supervise the black kiln factory. He built a small pavilion in the west of Bates Abbey, named after the word "Tao Ran" in Bai Juyi's poem "When the chrysanthemum is ripe, get drunk with you". This pavilion is deeply favored by literati. During the more than 200 years in the Qing Dynasty, it was known as "the place where Zhou Hou borrowed flowers and the place where the son of heaven lived". It has a long-standing reputation and has become one of the best pavilions in Beijing.

Characteristics of Taoranting

There are many famous historical sites around Taoranting. There is Longju Temple in the northwest, and there are buildings such as Arrow Plate, Nitian Pavilion, Kanshan Building and Baobing Hall in the temple. Celebrities often rest here, and their popularity is comparable to that of Taoran Pavilion in Daoguang period. There are Black Dragon Pool, Wang Longting, Yina Temple, Cimei Garden and Zuyuan in the southeast. There is Shi Feng Garden in the southwest; There is a kiln platform due north; There are tombs of incense and parrots in the northeast, as well as tombs of drunken Guo and Saijinhua in modern times. Most of these monuments are earlier than Taoranting, and some even earlier than Bates Temple. All have a history of literati chanting, and all have had their own glorious periods.

Modern Taoranting is a new modern urban garden which combines ancient architecture and modern gardening art, and highlights the pavilion culture in China.

There are lush trees, lush flowers, uneven pavilions and pleasant scenery in the park. On the island in the middle of the lake, there are Jinqiudun and Yantou Mountain, which are in full swing with Taoranting. There is Qiu Jin Pavilion on the pier of Qiu Jin, which is the website of Huaxian Temple. There is a "Rose Mountain" at the southern foot of Tingnan Mountain, and its land is the site of the original incense burial, parrot burial and Saijinhua tomb. There are famous high tombs and Shi Pingmei tombs in the pine forest under the pavilion. There is a sightseeing pavilion at the top of Yantou Mountain, opposite to Qiu Jin Pavilion, and a Chengguang Pavilion is built at the foot of the southwest of the pavilion, which is the most suitable place to see the lake and the mountain. North of Tingbei Mountain is Evergreen Pavilion.

The famous China Pavilion, built in 1985, is the "garden in the garden" of Taoranting Park. By concentrating tourism resources, the famous exhibition halls in China are carefully selected and imitated. There are more than ten pavilions, including Zuiweng Pavilion, Lanting, Echi Monument Pavilion, Shaoling Caotang Monument Pavilion, Canglang Pavilion, Duxing Pavilion, Er Quan Pavilion, Chuitai Pavilion, Shenyue Pavilion and Baipo Pavilion. These famous pavilions are all imitated according to the ratio of 1: 1, and pavilions and landscapes are combined to complement each other. Walking in the garden is like crossing mountains and rivers or visiting the splendid hometown of wuyue, which has a deeper historical and cultural connotation. Tourists can appreciate the architectural art and cultural landscape of the Chinese nation without going far away.

There are 36 pavilions in Taoranting Park, which are moved, imitated, designed and built by themselves. Taoranting Park receives 7 million tourists every year, with a daily peak of 60,000 tourists. In 2002, it was awarded the first batch of 4A-level tourist attractions and the title of civilized tourist attractions in the capital by the National Tourism Administration.

Taoranting Park also has cruise ships, children's entertainment city, fan music, playground, restaurant, Taoranting Garden Hotel, commercial outlets and other comprehensive facilities.

Taoranting storm

Modern Taoranting has a glorious historical chapter. Around the May 4th Movement, Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the founders and leaders of China's * * * production party, successively came to Taoranting to carry out revolutionary activities. 1920 65438+ 10 18, got together with members of the "auxiliary society" in Beijing to discuss the struggle to expel Hunan warlord Zhang, and took a group photo in front of the locust tree outside the gate of An Mountain. On August 6th, 1920, progressive groups such as Tianjin Enlightenment Society and Beijing young chinese Society discussed the direction of the revolutionary struggle after the May 4th Movement and the joint struggle of various groups in the North Hall. 192 1 In July and August, Li Dazhao rented two rooms in the south room of an in the name of Chen Yusheng, a member of young chinese Institution, and his wife Jin Qixin was buried in the tomb of Mrs. Shou beside Taoranting, where she conducted secret activities. During 1923, Deng Zhongxia, Yun and Gao often attended the meeting. It is also the witness of Gao and Shi Pingmei's love, and later they were buried here, and the "ice-snow friendship" has been passed down to this day!

3/ Changsha Love Night Pavilion

General situation of love night pavilion

The pavilion is located in Xia Qingfeng Gorge, Yuelu Mountain, Changsha City, Hunan Province, which runs east-west and is surrounded by mountains on three sides. Together with Chuzhou Zuiweng Pavilion, Jingtaoran Pavilion and Hanghuxin Pavilion, it is also known as the four famous pavilions in China, and it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Hunan Province.

The origin of love night pavilion

Founded in the 57th year of Qing Qianlong (1792), it was founded by Luo Dian, president of Yuelu Academy, formerly known as Hongye Pavilion, and later by Bi Yuan, governor of Huguang. According to the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu, there are still people in Bai Yunsheng. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February. "The poem changed the name of" hiking "to" Love Night Pavilion ". After many overhauls from Tongzhi, Chu Guang, Xuan Tong, the Republic of China to the founding of the People's Republic of China, it gradually formed today's pattern. Yuelu Mountain in Changsha loves the Evening Pavilion, which is well known. The pavilion was originally called "Red Leaves", also called "Ai Feng". Today's name is "Love Night". Who changed the name? People have been paying close attention to it.

It has long been said that the name of the pavilion "Night of Love" was changed by the poet Yuan Mu. According to legend, Luo Dian, the president of Yuelu Academy, looked down on him and refused to receive him. I heard that Yuan Mu thought the name of the pavilion "Red Leaves" was too vulgar, so he changed it to "Love Night" instead of "Stop and sit in the maple forest". 1On February 2, 987, Watson published Zhao Haizhou's "Love Night Pavilion" and Yuan Mu's "Poetry" as the key points.

The above story is legendary and widely circulated. But in fact, this is "Bi Guan Dai Yuan", and the real name change should be Bi Yuan, not Yuan Mu.

It is said that the name of Aiyue Pavilion was changed by Biyuan. It is a self-report after Luo Dian's "Two Poems of Academy": "There are abundant red leaves in the mountains and pavilions at the foothills. Bi Qiufan made the military name "Love Night" and wrote poems. " According to the available information, it is known that Yuan Mu visited Yuelu Mountain on November 27th in the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (1784). Hongye Pavilion was built in the 57th year of Qianlong (1792), eight years later than Yuan Mu's visit. Obviously, it is impossible for Yuan Mu to change the name of the pavilion.

Then, why do you have to say that it was changed by Bi Yuan? In addition to the notes in the above-mentioned Luodian poems, Bi Yuan was then governor of Huguang and often visited the Love Evening Pavilion in Yuelu Mountain. Especially since Bi and Luo have been friends for many years. In two long articles written by him during his winter visit to Yuelu Mountain in the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), he praised Luo doubly, and said that "the old fish should have a long-cherished wish when they meet again" and "the spirit is better than that of twenty years ago". Therefore, considering comprehensively, it should be Bi Yuan, not Yuan Mu, who changed the pavilion to "Love Late".

The storm of love night pavilion

Love Night Pavilion is a revolutionary activity resort. In Mao Zedong's youth, he studied in the First Normal University, and often went to Yuelu Academy with Luo Xuezan and Zhang Kundi, and met Cai Hesen under the Love Night Pavilion to talk about the current situation and explore the truth. The pavilion was destroyed in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, rebuilt on 1952 and overhauled on 1987. The pavilion with double eaves and eight columns, glazed tiles and pavilion corners fly up, which looks like flying from a distance. There are painted algae wells in the pavilion, and the "Love Evening Pavilion" on the east and west sides of the pavilion is written in gold on a red background, which was personally inscribed by Li Da, then president of Hunan University. He invited President Mao Zedong to write a letter. There is a monument in the pavilion, engraved with the poem "Qinyuanchun Changsha" inscribed by President Mao Zedong, which makes the ancient pavilion colorful. The pavilion is surrounded by mountains on three sides, more than ten feet east, horizontal and vertical, and green and flowing springs. There is a pool in front of the pavilion, peach Liu Chengxing. Surrounded by maple trees, the mountains are covered with red leaves in late autumn. The stone pillar in front of the pavilion is engraved with couplets: "The mountain path is red and comfortable at dusk, and 500 peaches are newly planted; The gorge clouds are dark green, and a pair of tamed cranes are waiting for the cage. " Love Evening Pavilion has a great influence on the pavilions in China, and it can be called a classic building among pavilions.

Love night pavilion related works

Infinite sunset in Chiba;

Surrounded by green pavilions and mountains.

-Qin Yuelu Mountain Love Night Pavilion

Although the sunset is near dusk, the day is near the mountain, so if you go to sea at dawn;

Autumn has never been so gloomy. Feng Dan is picturesque and fragrant as red peony.

-Yuelu Mountain Love Night Pavilion

Love sunshine and rain, steam beautiful rivers and mountains. Meeting Li Dongting, overlooking the seventy-two peaks in Heng Yue, going back to the building to listen to the leaves, flying bells in the ancient temple, parking under the forest, and putting cranes in front of the pavilion; The first scene of Han Xuewei, the first famous city in Hunan, can be found, is it just pleasing to the eye? Time flies, the wind is gentle and beautiful, and you can see the sail turning in the east, the returning geese in Nanpu, the fighting in the north and the light in the west;

In the evening, the smoke is shining, and the cage is roasting over the bustling mansion. Tracing back to the history of 3,000 years, 24 generations of heroes, blaming others for whipping corpses, leaving Sao and worrying about the country, writing a suicide note, and commenting on the country and rejuvenating the country; It was Qin Zhou who returned Tessa, and all Wu Chuqun knew him very well. When he is a proud and excellent person, he should cherish every inch. I will sharpen my temper all my life. A visit here will bring about Zhi Tao in Spring Garden, lotus fertilizer in Summer Pond, plum in Winter Pavilion and maple in Autumn Ridge.

-Yuelu Mountain Love Night Pavilion

The mountain path is comfortable, and 500 peaches are newly planted;

The clouds in the canyon are deep and green, and a pair of reindeer are waiting for the cage.

-Cheng Tiao Yuelu Mountain Love Night Pavilion

Suddenly I was surprised that Yanhong lost, and 500 peaches were newly planted.

Ok, let's light the bushes, and a pair of reindeer will be locked in a cage.

-Luo Dian topic Yuelu Mountain Love Night Pavilion

The scenery in the evening is impressive, and the afterglow of the sunset adds three points to the maple leaf;

Spring is infinitely good, flowers are infinitely good, and it is difficult to write autumn in the sky.

-Yuelu Mountain Love Night Pavilion

The pavilion is located in Qingfeng Gorge, Lushan Mountain, Changsha, surrounded by towering old trees, covering the sky, and overlapping obstacles in Feng Wan, Qiu Lai. This pavilion was built according to Tang Dumu's poem "A Quiet Night in the Maple Grove". A beautiful pen symbolizes superb writing. The Five Dynasties volume Wang Renyu's "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao": "When Li Taibai was young, flowers were born on the pen used in his dreams, and he became famous all over the world after genius." Jiang Tianyi color, Tang Wangbo's "Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion": "Autumn water * * * sky color." The word "late" at the beginning of the sentence means that you can sigh the evening scenery and nature; But a quick turn, called the afterglow of the sunset, can even add luster to the maple leaf. This sentence is more powerful, more prominent and more inspiring. With the meaning of Liu Yuxi's sentence "Don't say that Sang Yu is late, it is still midsummer", it is in harmony with the maple leaves. When we look back, it is also natural and indisputable that "spring is infinitely good". But I immediately turned my head to think that although this is a clever pen, it can write spring scenery, but it is difficult to write autumn scenery. Although spring is good, it's hard to beat Qiu Guang. I am eager to write about the loveliness of autumn scenery, which is the characteristic of this connection. In the relaxed description of couplets, scene, emotion and reason permeate each other, which gives people inspiration.

4. Hangzhou Hu Xin Pavilion

Overview of Hu Xin Pavilion

Located in the West Lake of Hangzhou, it is named after Zuiweng Pavilion in Chuzhou, Aiwan Pavilion in Changsha and Taoran Pavilion in Beijing. Also known as the "Four Famous Pavilions in China", it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Zhejiang Province.

The Origin of Hu Xin Pavilion

Hu Xinting, located in the West Lake of Hangzhou, was originally named "Lu Zhenting" and also named "Qingxi Pavilion". It was built in the thirty-first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1552), and was renamed "Huxinge" after Wanli in Ming Dynasty. Records of the west lake in Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty, Volume 9: "The pavilion is in the middle of the whole lake. There are three pagodas outside the ancient temple in the middle of the lake. During the reign of Xiaozong in the Ming Dynasty, temples and pagodas were destroyed. Kao Tang's "County Records" said: There are three pagodas outside Hu Xin Temple, of which the South Pagoda and the South Pagoda are both abandoned. This is the North Pagoda Infrastructure Pavilion, which is called Pavilion. Rebuild Desheng Temple at the base of the old temple and release it. Accordingly, the old Hu Xin Temple is today's release pond, and today's Hu Xinting is the base of the three pagodas. In the thirty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Ming Dynasty in China, Emperor Saint Zuren inscribed "Observing Various Species" and inscribed "Natural Map" on the pavilion. Yongzheng was rebuilt in five years. " Sketch of Lakes and Mountains Volume III: In the thirty-first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, Sun Meng, the magistrate, visited here and built a pavilion on it, named' Lu Zhen', but it didn't take long. According to the investigation of Xu Ting's naked reconstruction in Wanli four years, the forehead was called "too empty", and Sun Long, the ritual supervisor, built a happy pavilion around it, but it was collectively called "the pavilion in the lake". The state dynasty was heavily renovated, and the railings were carved on the left and right wings, with floors on them ... "In the twenty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong wrote the book" Bright and Clean Middle Edge ". With the fall of Hangzhou, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the former site of Xiqing attic was transformed into the Temple of Wealth. After the victory of the anti-Japanese war, it was changed to Guanyin tuas hall. 1953 A double-eaved glazed tile reinforced concrete square pavilion was built on the original site of Kannonji, which was the first garden building in the construction of West Lake scenic spot in 1950s. 1980, at the southern end of the pavilion, is engraved with the Taihu stone tablet "Cocoon II". (See the Eighteen Scenes of West Lake in Qing Dynasty, "The Heart of the Lake is Flat". )

Features of Hu Xin Pavilion

Pavilions and pavilions are surrounded by water. Looking around the pavilions, not only the lake is rippling, but also the mountains are surrounded by screens. To the west of the pavilion are the South Peak and the North Peak of the West Lake, and the scenery is very spectacular. Visitors to this building call it "overlooking the middle of the lake", which is one of the 18 scenic spots of West Lake in Qing Dynasty. There used to be a poem: "I didn't plan to return to Baiqing Tour, but the lonely pavilion was surrounded by mountains on three sides."