How to pronounce the word "Peru" How much do you know about this country?

Source of country name:

In ancient Indian, Peru means "the warehouse of corn", so it is named because it is rich in corn.

The area is1285216m2.

National flag:

It is rectangular, and its length-width ratio is 3: 2. It consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles, with white in the middle and red on both sides, and a national emblem pattern in the middle of the white rectangle. White symbolizes freedom, democracy, peace and happiness; Red symbolizes the victory of the people's war of independence and also shows the people's nostalgia for the martyrs.

National emblem:

The central pattern is a coat of arms. On the upper left of the shield is a South American alpaca, which is the national treasure of the country, representing the country's animal resources and one of the symbols of the Peruvian nation. On the upper right is a cinchona tree, representing the country's plant resources; The lower part is the horn symbolizing abundance, representing the country's natural resources and mineral deposits. The upper end of the coat of arms is a green branch ring; There are two Peruvian flags on each side.

National flower:

sunflower

National tree:

cinchona

National beast:

Vicuna

Independence day:

182 1 July 28th, 2008

National Day:

182 1 July 28th, 2008

State dignitaries:

President Alain Garcí a alan garcia perez took office on July 28th, 2006 for a five-year term. First Vice-President Luis Giampietri Rojas and Second Vice-President Lourdes Mendoza Del Solar took office on July 28th, 2006 for a five-year term.

The site of Machu Picchu in the Andes is one of the best preserved ancient Inca cities, which is listed in 1983.

World cultural heritage list.

Physical geography: area 12852 16 square kilometers. It is located in the west of South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia in the north, Brazil in the east, Chile in the south, Bolivia in the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The coastline is 2254 kilometers long. The Andes runs through the north and south, and the mountains account for 1/3 of the land area. The whole territory is divided into three areas from west to east: the west coast is a long and narrow arid zone, a tropical desert area with dry and mild climate, intermittent plains, developed irrigation agriculture and concentrated urban population; The central mountainous plateau area is mainly in the middle of the Andes, with an average elevation of about 4300 meters. This is the birthplace of the Amazon River, and the temperature changes greatly, with an annual precipitation of 200- 1 1,000 mm. The eastern part is amazon rain forest District, which belongs to the upper reaches of the Amazon River and is a foothill alluvial plain. This is a newly developed oil-producing area, with high temperature and rain all year round and forests everywhere. Mount Korobona and Salkan Mountain Ba Dou are over 6,000 meters, and Mount Vascalan is 6,768 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in Peru. The main rivers are Kaiali River and putumayo River. Western Peru has a tropical desert grassland climate, which is dry and mild, with an annual average temperature of 12-32℃. The temperature in Central China varies greatly, with an annual average temperature of 1- 14℃. The eastern part has a tropical rainforest climate, with an average annual temperature of 24-35℃. There are many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes in the south of central China. On the southeast border with Bolivia, there is the largest lake Titicaca in South America. North of the central coast and offshore oil reserves. Offshore waters are rich in anchovies (Peruvian sardines) and other fishery resources, and there are a lot of bird droppings on coastal islands. The average temperature in the capital is 15-25 degrees Celsius. The annual average precipitation is less than 50 mm in the west, less than 250 mm in the middle and more than 2000 mm in the east. The forest area accounts for 5 1% of the national territory.

Population: 27.22 million (2005), of which Indians account for 4 1%, Indo-European mixed-race people account for 36%, whites account for 19%, and other races account for 4%. Spanish is the official language, and Quechua, Imara and more than 30 other Indian languages are spoken in some areas. 96% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

Capital:

The population of Lima is 7865438+6700 (2005). The annual average temperature is 65438 08.7℃.

Administrative Region: The whole country is divided into 24 provinces and 1 municipality (Kayo District). The names of the provinces are as follows: Amazon, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huanca Villikka, Vanuco, Ica, Hu Ning, La Libertad, Lan Bajk, lima province, loretto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua and Pasco.

Currency:

Saul >>& gt

Brief history:

Indians lived in ancient times. 1 1 century, Indians established the Inca Empire in the plateau area with Cuzco as its capital, and agriculture and handicrafts were highly developed. Inca civilization,15th century and16th century formed one of the ancient civilizations in America. 1533 became a Spanish colony. 1535 established Lima, 1544 established the governor of Peru, which became the center of Spanish colonial rule in South America. 182 1 declared independence and established the Republic of Peru on July 28th. 1835, Bolivia and Peru merged and called Peru-Bolivia Confederation. The confederacy collapsed in 1839. Slavery was abolished in 1854. From 1879 to 1883, Peru participated in the "Pacific War" with Bolivia and Chile. After Peru's defeat, Chile seized Tarapaca province, the world's largest producer of saltpeter, and took control of Tuhenna and Allica provinces in Peru. 1929, Peru recovered the province of Tacna after peace talks between the two sides. 1933, border war with Colombia, secret defeat. 1948 10, a military coup was launched in Austria. 1In June, 963, Belaunde Terry of the People's Action Party was elected president. 19681On October 3rd, Lieutenant General Belasco became president after a coup. 1On August 29th, 975, General Morales took over the political power. 1977 announced "returning the government to the people". Royal Felipe Castle in Peru —— Witness of Peru's history —— Cuzco, the ancient capital of Peru Plateau

Politics:

The current constitution came into effect on 1993 1 February 31. The constitution stipulates that the president can be re-elected for one term and can be re-elected every other term; Add the first and second vice presidents, and change the two houses of Congress into a unicameral system; Terrorists can be sentenced to death, etc. In 2000 1 1 month, the secret parliament passed a constitutional amendment, stipulating that the president could not be re-elected. Parliament is called Congress. The unicameral Congress has legislative and supervisory functions. The term of office of members is five years, and they can be re-elected.

This traditional agricultural and mining country belongs to the middle level in Latin America. Rich in minerals and self-sufficient in oil. During Fujimori's administration, he carried out privatization policy and carried out a series of reforms in prices and taxes, and the economic situation gradually improved.

The Toledo government has implemented the "economic recovery policy", and the macro-economy has been running smoothly, with an average annual growth rate of 5% in the past five years. In 2005, the economy continued to grow, inflation declined, the trade surplus increased, the capital market became more sound, and investors were generally optimistic about Peru's future. However, the fruits of economic development have not benefited the broad masses of the lower classes, and the polarization between the rich and the poor has not been fundamentally reversed.

After taking office, President Garcia said that the new government will basically continue the current economic development model, implement strict fiscal policies, increase infrastructure investment, actively attract investment and accelerate economic development; Pay attention to the economic development in poverty-stricken areas and implement literacy programs; Impose a high profit tax on energy and mining enterprises; Increase employment and improve labor rights and interests.

Main economic data in 2005:

Gross domestic product: US$ 75.72 billion.

Per capita GDP: $2,482

GDP growth rate: 6.67%

Currency name: New Sol.

Exchange rate: 1 USD = 3.296 new soles.

Inflation rate: 1.43%

Unemployment rate: 9.6% (Lima)

resources

Rich in mineral resources, it is one of the 12 largest mineral countries in the world. Mainly copper, lead, zinc, silver, iron and petroleum. The reserves of bismuth and vanadium rank first in the world, copper ranks third, and silver and zinc rank fourth. At present, the proven oil reserves are 400 million barrels and natural gas is 7 1000 billion cubic feet. The forest coverage rate is 58%, covering an area of 7,765,438+10,000 hectares, second only to Brazil in South America. Water power and marine resources are extremely rich.

Industry and mining

Industry is mainly processing and assembly. In 2005, the growth rate of industry was 7%, and that of mining industry was 7.4%. The output of major industrial and mining products in recent years is as follows:

2003 2004 2005

Copper (ten thousand tons) 62.53 8 1.5 100.99

Iron (ten thousand tons) 354.1.431.65456.50

Zinc (ten thousand tons)136.9120 438+0120.438+07

Gold (ton) 172.9 175.4 207.82

Silver (ton) .58860.88861

Petroleum (10,000 barrels) 58861

Power generation (100 million kwh) 228.338+0.30000.000000000005

Natural gas (million cubic feet) 18483 30356 53347

(Source: National Statistics Institute of Peru)

tourism

Peru is the birthplace of Inca civilization and is rich in tourism resources. In 2005, the number of foreign tourists visiting Peru reached 6.5438+0.485 million, and the foreign exchange income from tourism was $65.438+0.371billion, accounting for 654.38+0.8 1% of the GDP. The number of hotels in China in 2005: 25 five-star hotels, 22 four-star hotels, 446 three-star hotels, 848 two-star hotels and 465,438 zero-star hotels. The main tourist attractions are: Lima Grand Plaza, Toretta Gelai Palace, Gold Museum, Cuzco City, Machu Picchu ruins, etc.

(Source: Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism of Peru)