Introduction of Leshan Giant Buddha

Leshan Giant Buddha is located in the suburb of Leshan, 365,438+0 km east of Emei, Sichuan Province, at the intersection of Minjiang River, Qingyi River and Dadu River, facing Leshan City across the river.

Leshan Giant Buddha is carved on the rock wall at the intersection of Minjiang River, Qingyi River and Dadu River. Also known as Lingyun Buddha, it is a Maitreya Buddha.

Leshan Giant Buddha is one of the fine works of art among Mo Yan statues in Tang Dynasty, and it is also the largest stone statue of Maitreya Buddha in the world.

The sitting posture of the giant Buddha with his hands on his knees is solemn, with hidden drainage facilities and ingenious design.

The Buddha statue was carved in the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13). It was initiated by monk Haitong in order to reduce the water potential and benefit all beings, and it took manpower and material resources to build it. It was built in Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong in 19 (AD 803) and lasted for 90 years.

It is praised by the poet as "a mountain is a Buddha, and a Buddha is a mountain".

The Giant Buddha consists of Lingyun Mountain, Mahaoyan Tomb, Wuyou Mountain and giant reclining Buddha landscape, covering an area of about 8 square kilometers.

The scenic spot belongs to Emei Mountain Scenic Area, which is a national 4A-level scenic spot and a famous scenic spot.

In ancient times, there was a saying that "Emei went to court and Lingyun went to court".

Leshan Giant Buddha's head is flush with the mountain, and his hands touch his knees and step on the river. The Buddha's posture is symmetrical and his spirit is solemn. He was hewn out of the mountain and sat by the river.

The giant Buddha is 7 1m high, 14.7m high, 10m wide,102/bun, 7m long ears, 5.6m long nose, 5.6m long eyebrows, 3.3m long mouth and eyes, 3m high neck and 23m wide shoulders.

On the cliffs along the river on the left and right sides of the Giant Buddha, there are two stone sculptures of Dharma warriors who are as high as 10 meters, holding Geji and wearing cassock, as well as hundreds of shrines and thousands of stone statues, which constitute a huge Buddhist stone carving art group.

On the left side of the giant Buddha, along the "cave sky" is the starting point of Lingyun plank road, with a total length of nearly 500 meters.

On the right is the Jiuqu plank road.

After the Buddha statue was carved, thirteen pavilions were built, which were called "Giant Buddha Pavilion", "Elephant Pavilion" and "Tianning Pavilion" in the Song Dynasty.

Unfortunately, it was destroyed by the war in the late Ming dynasty and burned by rebels in Zhang.

Dozens of caves can be seen from the cliffs on both sides of the giant Buddha, which is where the beams and columns are placed when the pavilion is built.

The rocks on both sides of the Giant Buddha are red sandstone, and the red sandstone in Leshan is a loose and easily weathered rock, which is softer than granite and is a good material suitable for carving.

However, after the Buddha statue is carved, it is easily eroded and weathered. Leshan Giant Buddha is carved on this rock.

In the long years of 1000 years, Leshan Giant Buddha is still inevitably damaged by various kinds, both natural and man-made.

It has been maintained in various dynasties.

For hundreds of years since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the giant Buddha has been eroded by natural wind and rain, so that the Buddha's body is riddled with holes and unrecognizable.

1962, * * * allocated special funds for comprehensive maintenance of the Buddha statue. 1982 was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in February.

1990, * * * allocated funds for a relatively thorough maintenance of the head of the giant Buddha.

At the same time, some supporting facilities and service facilities were added.

199665438+February, Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha was approved by UNESCO as "World Cultural and Natural Heritage" and included in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List.

Professor Sansel Silva, a UNESCO world heritage expert, praised that "Leshan Giant Buddha is comparable to other stone carvings in the world, such as the Sphinx and the Valley of the Nile Kings".

The Origin of Leshan Giant Buddha

According to Wei Gao's Records of Lingyun Buddha in Jiazhou in Tang Dynasty and Peng's Records of Rebuilding Lingyun Temple in Ming Dynasty, the founder of Leshan Giant Buddha was Haitong monk.

Haitong is a native of Guizhou, and his roots are in Lingyun Mountain.

Guleshan, where the three rivers meet, Minjiang River, Qingyijiang River and Dadu River meet at the foot of Lingyun Mountain. The water is quite fierce, and the boat series is often subverted.

Every summer flood, the river will hit the mountain wall, which often leads to the tragedy of shipwrecks and deaths.

Seeing this scene, the monk Haitong decided to carve a statue of Maitreya on the edge of the cliff, hoping to rely on the boundless magic to reduce the water potential and make the town tottering forever.

As a result, Haitong, a Buddhist monk, traveled all over the country to raise money to dig the Buddha.

After the Buddha statue was completed, local officials came to ask for bribes to get construction funds. Haitong sternly refused, saying, "I can see myself, and the wealth of Buddha is rare." The local official bullied others and said, "Try the future."

Haitong calmly "looks at his eyes and makes it happen", while "a hundred officials are frightened and pray for regret".

Haitong's selfless journey inspires people's sincerity and sincerity.

The construction of the Buddha statue began in the early kaiyuan year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13). When the Buddha reaches the shoulder, the monk Haitong dies.

After Haitong's death, the project was once interrupted.

About ten years later, Zhang Qiu and Joan, our envoys from Jianchuan, made donations. Haitong's apprentice led the craftsmen to continue to build the Buddha. Due to the huge project, the court ordered the payment of hemp salt tax, which made the project progress rapidly.

When the Leshan Giant Buddha reached his knees, the successors Zhang Qiu and Joan moved to be ministers, and the project stopped again.

Forty years later, Wei Gao, the messenger of Jianchuan, donated money to continue the construction of Leshan Giant Buddha.

After the efforts of three generations of craftsmen, it was completed in 90 years in the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong (AD 803).

Wei Gao began to write the stone statue of Maitreya Buddha in Lingyun Temple in Jiazhou, recording the whole story of the excavation of the giant Buddha. The original monument still exists on the cliff on the right side of the giant Buddha.

Leshan Giant Buddha stands at the confluence of Minjiang River, Dadu River and Qingyi River. For more than 1000 years, Leshan Giant Buddha has read all the spring scenery in the world, and after many dynasties, it is still solemn and kind.

Structural interest

Looking at this statue of Buddha in the Tang Dynasty, we often only see the sculpture of the mountain and the posture of the giant Buddha sitting with his hands on his knees, but we can't really see the structure of the giant Buddha.

Gems are embedded in curly hair.

There are 102 1 buns on the top of the giant Buddha, which are counted with chalk when 1962 is in maintenance.

From a distance, the bun is integrated with the head, but in fact it is embedded with stones one by one.

There are obvious splicing cracks at the root of a single bun, and there is no mortar bonding.

The surface of the bun is plastered with two layers, the inner layer is lime, and the thickness of each layer is 5-15 mm.

During the maintenance period of 199 1 year, three snail stones were found in the depression of the Buddha's right leg, of which two were relatively complete, 78 cm long, 3 1.5×3 1.5 cm at the top and 24×24 cm at the root.

Both ears are made of wood.

There is a hole about 25 cm deep inside the root of the earlobe of the right ear of the giant Buddha. Maintenance workers take out many broken objects from the hole and carefully examine the decaying wood mud.

This confirms Fan Chengda's record in Wu in the Southern Song Dynasty that "the Buddha statue in the world is big, but its ears are still wooden".

It can be seen that the Buddha's ear, which is 7 meters long, is not carved from original rock, but made of wooden columns and decorated with hammer ash.

A hole was also found at the lower end of the Buddha's nose, in which three pieces of wood were exposed, forming a finished glyph.

It shows that the protruding bridge of the nose is also lined with wood and decorated with hammer ash.

However, it is impossible to verify whether this was the case when Zhenyuan was completed in 19 years, and whether this technology was adopted by future generations to repair it.

The drainage system covers the whole body.

Leshan Giant Buddha has a very ingenious drainage system.

There is a cleverly designed and concealed drainage system behind the ear and head of Leshan Giant Buddha, which plays an important role in protecting the Buddha.

So that the Buddha statue will not be eroded by rain.

Wang Shizhen, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem about Leshan Giant Buddha, "Spring flows in a bun from ancient Buddha".

In the bun on the * * *18th floor above the head of the Giant Buddha, there is a horizontal drainage ditch on the 4th, 9th and18th floors respectively, which is decorated with hammer ash, so it can't be seen from afar.

Collar and garment line also have pleated drainage ditch, and there is a left-handed disassembled face ditch in the front chest, which is connected with the back ditch of the right arm.

Behind the ear, near the cliff, there is a cave with a length of 9. 15m, a width of1.25m and a height of 3.38m; There are two holes at both ends of the chest and back, which are not connected with each other. Right hole depth 16.5m, width 0.95m, height 1.35m, left hole depth 8. 1m, width 0.95m, height1.1m.

These wonderful ditches and caves constitute a scientific drainage, moisture-proof and ventilation system, which has played an important role in protecting the giant Buddha and preventing erosive weathering for thousands of years.

Due to the confluence of mountain springs, calcareous compounds with a thickness of about 5- 10 cm are condensed on the inner cliff walls of the two caves, while the cliff walls on the Buddha's body side are still red sand and relatively dry.

Two caves, the walls of which are separated from each other are wet, and there is water at the bottom, and water keeps dripping out of the caves, so the chest of the giant Buddha is about 2 meters wide.

Obviously, this is because the hole has not been penetrated.

I wonder why the builder didn't get through.

There is a monument on the box.

According to 1962, the person in charge of maintenance, Huang and Rob, found a closed hidden hole in the chest of the giant Buddha.

When I opened the hole, I saw it was full of scrap iron, worn lead skin, bricks and so on. In fact, Fengmen Stone is a chronicle of the reconstruction of Tianning Pavilion in Song Dynasty.

After the completion of the Great Buddha in the Tang Dynasty, a wooden pavilion was built to protect it from the sun and rain.

Judging from the numerous column bases and pile holes left by the knees, legs, arms, chest and instep of the giant Buddha, it is obvious that there used to be a giant Buddha pavilion here.

Rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, it was called "Tianning Pavilion" and was later destroyed.

But I don't know when and for what reason, the Tianning Pavilion Chronicle Monument Tang was embedded in the Buddha's chest.

The maintainer moved the monument to Shihai Cave for preservation, but it was destroyed on 1966.

Religious connotation

Leshan Giant Buddha is Maitreya Buddha.

Maitreya Buddha was enshrined in the Tang Dynasty. According to Buddhist teachings, Maitreya Buddha is the future Buddha of the III Buddha, symbolizing the brightness and happiness of the future world. 5.67 billion years after the death of Buddha Sakyamuni, Maitreya will take the place of Buddha and spread Buddhism under the Longhua tree in Hualin Garden to help all beings.

Buddhist scriptures say that Maitreya will be "peaceful in the world" when he is born. During the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, Wu Zetian ordered the fabrication of the Great Cloud Sutra to prove that she was Maitreya's reincarnation. In the feudal era when men were superior to women, people's worship of Maitreya helped her ascend to the throne.

Because of Wu Zetian's vigorous advocacy, the wind of sculpting Maitreya Buddha swept the country.

The construction of Leshan Giant Buddha was only more than 20 years from the time of Wu Zetian, so when Haitong built Leshan Giant Buddha, he naturally chose Maitreya Buddha, which is a future Buddha that can bring light and happiness, which is consistent with the requirements of Zhenjiang Giant Buddha to quell floods.

Great changes have taken place in the Buddhist culture of Han Dynasty in China. The first stage is the introduction of Jiao Jiao Maitreya from India to China. The second stage is the ancient Buddha Maitreya with "China characteristics"; The third stage is Maitreya.

Leshan Giant Buddha is an ancient Buddha Maitreya with "China characteristics".

According to the description in the Maitreya Sutra, Maitreya has "thirty-two phases and eighty kinds of goodness", which requires his facial features, head, hands, feet and body to be different from ordinary people.

The overall shape of Leshan Giant Buddha is extraordinary. The bun on the head, broad shoulders, tall and long eyebrows and round nostrils are all "broad shoulders and thin waist" of Indian Buddha statues built in accordance with Buddhist classics. There is nothing left on the giant Buddha, only strong shoulders and full breasts, which embodies the fashion of taking fat as beauty in Tang Dynasty.

The posture of Leshan Giant Buddha is that his feet droop naturally, which is different from the "knotting" posture of Indian Buddha statues because the giant Buddha was built to save water. This steady and steady sitting posture can give boatmen the courage and determination to overcome rapids and dangerous beaches.

Maitreya Buddha Maitreya Buddha is based on the image of a monk named Qi Ben in China during the Five Dynasties.

This is from Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province. He is charitable and can predict the weather and people's good and bad luck. He often begs around with a cloth bag. Before his death, he once said, "Maitreya Buddha is really Maitreya Buddha, incarnating tens of billions, which often shows the world and the world doesn't know." So everyone thinks that he is the incarnation of Maitreya, and Maitreya in the temple has also shaped his image-a cloth-bag monk with a big smile and a big belly.

Related introduction

The Minjiang River, which originated from the snow-capped mountains in northern Sichuan, entered the Chengdu Plain and came to the foot of Leshan City. It is already a big river with an open surface.

Here, it joins the turbulent Dadu River and the turbulent Qingyi River.

Leshan Lingyun Buddha, the tallest Maitreya Buddha in the world, is located at the confluence of the three rivers in Lingyun Mountain.

This Lingyun Mountain, backed by the Giant Buddha, was a famous scenic spot and Buddhist resort as early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Lingyun Mountain is next to Minjiang River with Lingyun Temple built in Tang Dynasty.

There are 9 peaks in Lingyun Mountain, with the highest peak 140m.

The peaks are scattered, the trees are lush, overlooking the vast Sanjiang, and there are temples on the Hefeng, so it was praised by people more than 0/000 years ago.

Shao Bo, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, once praised: "The crown of the world's landscape is in Shu, and the victory of Shu is called history, and the victory of history is called Lingyun" (history is called Leshan).

Leshan Giant Buddha is characterized by the organic combination of the essence of humanistic heritage and natural heritage. Facing the eastward flowing river, Leshan Giant Buddha is graceful and affectionate.

Well-proportioned, mountains and rivers blend together, echoing Emei Mountain from afar.

You can see it dozens of miles away.

The giant Buddha faces the river with its back to the cliff.

Visitors will also visit Lingyun Mountain Scenic Area while watching the Giant Buddha.

During the period of 1989, a Guangdong tourist discovered the reclining Buddha landscape behind the giant Buddha, which consisted of Wuyou Mountain, Lingyun Mountain and Guicheng Mountain.

The mountain is shaped like a giant reclining Buddha, forming a spectacle of "Buddha in Buddha".

"Giant Sleeping Buddha" has complete limbs and well-proportioned posture, and floats peacefully on the ridge line of Qingyi River, with a linear distance of about 1300 meters, which is kind and dignified.

Leshan Giant Buddha is located in the center of the giant Buddha.

The head, body and feet of the giant Buddha are respectively composed of the brothers-in-law of Wu Youshan, Ling Yunshan and Guichengshan.

The head of the Buddha statue is composed of the whole Wuyou Mountain. Stones, bamboos, shady trees, trails, pavilions and temples on the mountain are presented as the bun, eyelashes, nose bridge, lips and chin of the giant Buddha. Jing Yun Pavilion is like "eyelashes", and the crown on the top of the mountain is "forehead, nose, lips and jaw".

The Buddha's body is composed of Lingyun Mountain, and the Jiu Feng on the mountain is connected, just like the giant Buddha's broad chest, waist and strong legs; The Buddha's foot with an inclined foot is a part of Guicheng Mountain.

The whole posture of the Buddha statue is very realistic, natural and harmonious, which is an unintentional coincidence of nature and a miracle between heaven and earth. Sitting in the Buddha's sleep, naturally born, artificially chiseled. The best place to watch the reclining Buddha is the Fuquanmen in binjiang road, Leshan City.

Main scenic spots in the scenic area

The giant Buddha includes Leshan Giant Buddha, Lingbao Tower, Lingyun Temple, Shihaidong, Jiuqu-Lingyun plank road, Giant Sleeping Buddha, Oriental Buddha Capital, Western Heaven, Ma Hao Cliff Tomb, Una and so on.

Lingyun Shengjing

The temples on the peak of Lingyun Mountain are still preserved, including Lingyun Temple on the peak and Lingbao Tower on Lingbao Peak.

Lingyun Temple is quite large, and the giant Buddha is carved on a cliff not far from the temple.

From here, you can go down to the foot of the Buddha along a steep path dug on the edge of the cliff. You can look at the Buddha statues on the railings and carefully observe the subtle differences in various parts of the giant Buddha's head.

Because the giant Buddha was carved in front of Lingyun Temple, it is also called Lingyun Giant Buddha.

Lingyun Temple is also called the Big Buddha Temple because of this big Buddha.

There is a giant Buddha in Lingyun Mountain, and the mountain is more famous. The giant Buddha is on Lingyun Mountain, and the mountain is more colorful.

There are pavilions and pavilions such as Dongpo Memorial Hall and Jingxiu Pavilion around Lingyun Mountain.

There are also many Han cliff tombs on the mountain, some of which are more than ten meters deep, surrounded by exquisite sculptures, and pottery women and other funerary objects, which are unique historical sites in Sichuan.

On the stone wall on the right side of the giant Buddha, there is the famous "Jiuqu plank road", which was dug at the same time as the construction of the Buddha statue.

The widest part of the plank road is 1.45m, and the narrowest part is 0.6m Move the stone steps of ***2 17 backward down the cliff and reach the foot of the Giant Buddha.

Unfortunately, the stone shrine left on the cliff has been badly weathered.

Bypassing the foot of the Buddha is the "Lingyun plank road" on the left side of the Buddha.

Cutting the wall and piercing the hole is hidden between the cliffs on the left side of Leshan Giant Buddha.

The plank road was excavated in early 1983, completed in 1984, and opened in 10 in the same year, with a total length of about 500 meters. Together with the Jiuqu plank road on the right side of the Giant Buddha, it forms a circuitous tourist route.

Lingyun Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, located at the right rear of the head of the giant Buddha, commonly known as the Big Buddha Temple.

In the early years of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 7 13), when the Buddha statue was excavated, the temple characters were expanded.

Lingyun Temple, built in the Tang Dynasty, was destroyed by Yuan Shundi War. It was repaired twice in Ming dynasty and destroyed again in late Ming dynasty.

The existing Lingyun Temple was rebuilt in the sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1667).

After many repairs.

On the plaque in the middle of the temple gate is the word "Lingyun Temple" inscribed by Su Dongpo.

The couplets on both sides are "the river of no return, Buddhism and Taoism come from the west".

This couplet not only gives people a sense of Buddhist solemnity, but also shows the geographical location of Lingyun Temple, and cleverly embeds the word "Giant Buddha" in it.

There is a triple quadrangle building in the temple, which consists of the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall and the Tibetan Scripture Building. The sutra storage building was originally the place where Buddhist scriptures were collected in the temple, and was newly built in 1930.

Modern architectural style can be seen in structure and modeling. The newly-built "Shihai Hall" downstairs is carved with full-length portraits of Haitong Mage, the founder of the Giant Buddha, and Zhang Qiu, Joan and Wei Gao, the successors, to express their admiration.

Lingbao Tower, also known as Lingyun Tower, is named after it stands on the top of Lingbao Peak behind Lingyun Temple.

Built in the Tang Dynasty, the tower is a square pyramid with dense eaves and bricks. It sits east to west, with a height of 38 meters and a floor of * * * 13.

The tower is hollow, and the stone steps spiral along the tower axis to the top of the tower.

The top of the tower is quadrangular.

Lingbao Tower has windows on every floor.

According to the situation of mountains and rivers, the purpose of building this tower is mainly as a symbol of the confluence of the three rivers.

The 765,438+0-meter-high Giant Buddha is designed for the safety of the town, while the Lingbao Pagoda is used as a navigation sign to make boatmen pay more attention to it so as to cross the rapids and rapids safely. Lingbao Tower, a symbol of the ancient city of Jiazhou, was declared as a cultural relic protection unit by the people of Sichuan Province.

Dongpo Memorial Hall is one of the famous monuments in Lingyun Mountain. Dongpo Memorial Hall is also called Dongpo Reading Building.

Located at the top of Qiluan Mountain, it is a quadrangle building composed of buildings, corridors and pavilions.

Dongpo Memorial Hall is a two-story building with single wood.

The word "Dongpo Memorial Hall" on the horizontal plaque at the door was written by Huang Tingjian, and Su Dongpo reclined in the center of the hall.

There is a pavilion opposite the cliff of Dongpo Memorial Hall, namely Yin Qing Pavilion.

Looking at the Yin Qing Pavilion, the river is far away and the scenery is beautiful.

The Western Heaven integrates ancient buildings, cliff statues, sculptures, murals and paintings with beautiful scenery. The ancient buildings imitating the Tang Dynasty include Tianqiao, Tianmen, Ladder, Yuntai, Ladder and Three Great Halls.

Oriental Buddha Capital

1994 was completed and opened in may.

It is only one mile away from Leshan Giant Buddha, which is an extension of the Buddhist culture of Leshan Giant Buddha tourist attractions and a major part of the Giant Buddha. In the area of 200,000 square meters, more than 3,000 Buddha statues at home and abroad have been copied. With the extension of the natural mountain, cliff stone carvings, reliefs, carvings, murals and other forms are adopted, and different materials are selected, including stone carvings, bronze carvings, colored sculptures, jet sculptures and other large and small Buddha statues.

Cave Tomb on Mahao River

Ma Hao Cliff Tomb is located on the east bank of the spillway between Lingyun and Una Mountains, and Ma Hao is its place name.

Cliff tomb is a popular form of tomb in western Sichuan, especially in Leshan area. It is characterized by artificially chiseling sand and stones along shallow hills and valleys into square caves, and then burying the remains and martyrs.

Seen from the outside, this is a mysterious cave.

This kind of tomb was popular from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties more than 1800 years ago, so it was called the Cliff Tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In the early years, Ma Hao Cliff Tomb was known as the "crown of tombs in Nan 'an" for its large scale and exquisite portrait carving.

There are stone reliefs of Han Dynasty and exquisite cultural relics unearthed from Hanya Tomb in the tomb.

It includes not only all kinds of Han architecture, portraits, sarcophagus, costumes, chariots and horses, birds, animals, insects and fish, but also many historical themes, fairy tales and calligraphy inscriptions.

What has been opened is a large tomb with three points in the front hall.

There are exquisite carvings, cornices, tiles, arches and patterns on the tomb door, all of which are similar. There are tens of thousands of cliff patterns in the Eastern Han Dynasty in Leshan, which are distributed on cliff walls and shallow valleys along the Minjiang River, Qingyi River and Dadu River.

Its quantity and scale are large, and the richness of stone carvings ranks first in Sichuan.

Mahao Cliff Tomb belongs to Han Tomb, and Mahao area is relatively concentrated, which is the most concentrated and representative tomb group in Leshan Cliff Tomb Group. Within the range of about 200 meters long and 25 meters wide, there are 544 cliff tombs, and the gates cover each other and are as dense as a honeycomb.

Tombs of the Han Dynasty were declared as national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council in 1988.

Una Temple

In ancient times, there were mountains and piles. According to legend, Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County in Qin Dynasty, dug them for "avoiding the harm of foam water".

Wu Youshan and Lingyun Mountain stand side by side on the bank of Minjiang River, surrounded by water, with isolated peaks and lush trees.

Wu Youshan is also called "Five Niu Shan" because he lives alone in the river like a black cow. According to legend, Huang Tingjian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, thought his name was indecent, but when he saw the ancient trees on the mountain, he changed his name to "Wu Youshan".

Wuyou Temple, which was built in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, is adjacent to Lingyun Temple. The two mountains are separated by a water and connected by a suspension bridge, forming a complete scenic spot with Lingyun Mountain.

There is a worry-free temple on the mountain. The building is built on the mountain, winding, exquisite and elegant, and has a unique style.

Besides Buddhist temples, there are also exquisite buildings, such as Yi Kuang Pavilion, Tingtaoxuan and Ergoya.

The existing temples are all buildings after the Qing Dynasty, and they are relatively well-preserved temples in Sichuan Province.

Regional climatic conditions

Leshan area is located in the transition zone from Sichuan Basin to southwest mountainous area, with low terrain in the southwest and high terrain in the northeast, and the height difference is great, which has formed many climate types under specific geographical environment conditions.

Because the region is located near 29 degrees north latitude, it belongs to the tropical climate zone of Central Asia, and has the characteristics of distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, the same season of water and heat, long frost-free period and superior agricultural climate conditions.

Affected by monsoon and topographic uplift, the climate is humid and the rainfall is abundant.

The average annual precipitation is above 1 1,000 mm in most areas, above 1 1,500 mm in Emei Mountain, and below 1 1,000 mm in Ebian and Jinkou River, with seasonal variation. The rainfall in summer and autumn accounts for about 80% of the whole year, and only 20% in winter and spring. The annual precipitation changes greatly, and the minimum precipitation is mostly below 900 mm.

The annual average temperature is between 16.5- 18.0℃, the accumulated temperature above or equal to 0℃ is 6 100-6500℃, the accumulated temperature above or equal to 10℃ is 5269-5662℃, and above or equal to 20℃.

There are obvious vertical differences in the climate in the southwest mountainous areas. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there are complete climatic zones of middle subtropical zone, warm temperate zone, temperate zone and cold temperate zone in turn. Microclimate conditions are very complicated. It is an area where comprehensive agricultural management and three-dimensional agriculture are developed in this area. It is the main producing area of wood, tea and Chinese herbal medicines, and it is also a valuable tourism resource.

The meteorological disasters in Leshan city are mainly low temperature, drought and flood.

Low temperature is the most harmful in spring, which can cause frozen flowers of wheat and rotten seeds and seedlings of rice. Drought mainly occurs in early spring and summer. When the drought is severe, it is difficult for people and animals to drink water in some places. Affected by topography, Leshan is a rainstorm-prone area with high precipitation intensity. 1On September 29th, 993, the precipitation in Emei Mountain reached 525mm, the highest in the whole province. In addition, it is located at the intersection of the three rivers, which has a great impact on the flood.

Tourism services

To visit Leshan Giant Buddha and Lingyun Mountain, you can take a bus or coach from Chengdu, and expressway connects Chengdu.

The whole line from Chengdu to Leshan expressway 1999 runs through, with a total length of 169 km.

It is only over 30 kilometers from Leshan to Emei Mountain, and it can also be reached by bus.

Therefore, visiting Leshan and viewing the Giant Buddha can be arranged in the same tour project as visiting Emei Mountain.

Transportation to Leshan:

Visitors from other provinces to Chengdu can take the direct bus from Chengdu Xinnanmen (tourist passenger center) bus station, and it takes more than 2 hours to reach the expressway.

Self-driving tourists can enter Chengya Expressway from Chengdu Yongfeng Overpass (Le Cheng parted ways halfway).

There are also trains and ships in Leshan, and guests from Kunming, chengdu-kunming railway can take the train. Leshan has two stops on the chengdu-kunming railway Line-Leshan Station (Jiajiang, where you can see the cliff carvings-Thousand Buddha Rock) and Emei Station.

The passenger ships of Leshan Port sail directly to places along the Yangtze River such as Chongqing and Yibin.