A summary of the research on Sama culture of Dong nationality

Wu yukang? 21 people-oriented? 2214167? 18185542152

"Sama Festival" is the oldest and grandest traditional festival in southern Dong nationality, which originated from matriarchal clan society. Sama is a Dong language, "Sa" means grandmother, "Ma" means great, and Sama means great grandmother when translated into Chinese. Sama is the supreme goddess that the Dong people believe in and worship. She represents the embodiment of the ancestor gods of the whole Dong people, and is the only one who sacrifices with the Dong people and is the own god of the Dong people. At the same time, Sama is also a heroine of the ancient Dong nationality, which occupies an important position in politics, military affairs and culture of the ancient Dong society. Dong people believe that Sama can give them the strength to defeat the enemy, nature and disaster, and win the happiness of the village and the prosperity of people and animals. -It is usually October and February of the lunar calendar, but sometimes it is held in other months according to the situation of production, life or other major events. Usually, on the first and fifteenth day of each month, the people who manage Satang clean Satang and offer fragrant tea. In the annual major Sama Festival, every village invites special priests to preside over the sacrificial ceremony. I have collected four papers (articles) on the Sama culture of the Dong nationality from 22 to now, and the following is a summary of the time when these papers (articles) were published.

The Song of Sama written by Yang Xianmin, Yang Zongyou, Zhang Shiyu and others in 21 is mainly about the origin and function of Sama culture, and tells the story of a Dong girl named Befen who led the Dong people to resist the feudal landlord rule. In order to commemorate this brave girl, the Dong people passed on her story from mouth to mouth, so as to encourage the Dong people to work hard, fight evil, dare to sacrifice themselves and strive for progress. Eleven subtitles in "Song of Sama" show the hard price that Befen led the Dong people to pursue a better life. According to the information I have found, there is not much accurate information about the origin of Sama culture, but more is passed down from word of mouth. Zhang Zezhong's Interpretation of "Meta-information" of Sama God —— A Series of Studies on Dong Goddess Mother shows Mr. Zhang Zezhong's point of view: Re-examining the meaning information of Sama God with the sense of responsibility of cultural consciousness is helpful to recognize and understand the practical significance of this mythological relic of "Goddess Mother" with the symbolic significance of human civilization. Mr. Zhang Zezhong thinks that the term "Ma" in Dong language and the term "Goddess of the Earth" in Greek mythology are both derived from the honorific title of "Mother of God". However, after searching for information, I found that for the Dong people, the prototype of Sama God is a female leader and has not been deified. Sama God is a leader with flesh and blood for the Dong people.

In 216, Liu Chang pointed out in "On the Functions of the Samak Festival of Dong People" that the Samak Festival has several main functions: 1. The function of cultural inheritance; 2. Social education function: 3. National identity function; 4. Group cohesion function; By holding the "Sama Festival", we sacrificed the souls of the deceased ancestors, prayed to the souls of the clan, and expressed our wishes, which greatly satisfied the expectations of abundant crops, prosperous livestock, rich people and wealth, and wealth. This value concept and behavior orientation has also become the common choice and reasonable appeal of the Dong family. Mr. Liu Chang indicated that today's "Samak Festival" is rich in content and has many functions. To some extent, the research on the function of the "Sama Festival" of the Dong nationality will help us to further understand the social and historical development of the Dong nationality, the customs and habits of the Dong compatriots, and the national psychology and character of the Dong compatriots, which is of great positive significance to the inheritance and development of the Dong culture. After consulting the information, I found that the significance of holding the Samak Festival for the Dong people is somewhat exaggerated. The participants of the Samak Festival are only the old and married women, and the number of people covered by him is not very large, and there are not many people affected. I think Mr. Liu Chang's role in Sama culture is somewhat exaggerated.

On the Regional Characteristics and Times Changes of Sama Culture of the Dong Nationality in Guzhou written by Su Wenqing and Wu Wenjun in 217 points out that there are two important misunderstandings about Sama Festival: 1. Without sufficient argumentation, Sama Festival is regarded as the "original ecological culture" of the Dong nationality a priori, and the Sama Festival in Rongjiang County is the most typical one. 2. It is generally believed that Samak Festival is a relic of the customs of the Dong matriarchal clan society. Wu Wenjun and Su Wenqing re-examined the Sama culture in the Sanbao area based on the data obtained from the field investigation in the Sanbao area, compared with the Dong people in Liping, and put forward the following viewpoints: 1. Sama culture of the Sanbao Dong people is different from others in the vast Dong areas at the junction of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi, showing distinct regional characteristics; 2. Located in Rongjiang County, which is rapidly urbanized, the culture of the Dong people in Sanbao is changing rapidly, but the change has not just begun, but has existed since ancient times, and the change is not only due to the one-dimensional impact of modernization on the ancient Dong culture, but also multi-dimensional and multi-level. At last, Su Wenqing and Wu Wenjun questioned the common views of "matriarchal clan remains" and "original ecology" in Sambo Samak Festival, based on the materials about the folk life of Sambo Dong Village, especially the stories and legends of Samak in oral legends, and put forward a new analysis idea of "multi-dimensional changes" in the culture at the junction of Dong and Han nationalities. After a long period of evolution and even development, Sama culture has become very modern, but I don't think it is very important about how Sama culture came from, but it is undeniable that Sama culture is still very unique to Dong culture. Doesn't this mean that Sama culture can be recognized by more people as a special tourism program in Dong areas? It can also promote the economic development of Dong areas. Is this the effect that Sama culture can bring? It is worth thinking about.

To sum up, the origin of the Sama culture of the Dong nationality is that a female leader of the Dong nationality led the Dong people to fight against the landlord, and finally won the victory. The Sama Festival entrusted the Dong people with their desire to pursue a better life, but Sama culture also has something in common with the culture of the Greek gods, but something different can be found in the information passed down from mouth to mouth. There is another saying about the origin of Sama culture, but it is undeniable that Sama culture has become an indispensable part of the lives of the Dong people, which is closely related to the lives of the Dong people and has even become a prominent feature of the Dong culture. We should make full use of Samar culture and pass it on, and whether the idea of giving it economy can contribute to the inheritance and development of Samar culture in modern society.

References

Song of Sama of Dong People in Zhenyuan, Zhang Shiyu, etc. No.6 of Shanxiang Literature in 21

Interpretation of Meta-information of Sama God by Zhang Zezhong —— A Series of Studies on the Great Mother of Dong People No.5 of baise university Journal in 21

On Sama of Dong People by Liu Chang