What should girls with weak constitution and severe anemia pay attention to when entering Tibet?

1. People who are not suitable for traveling to Tibet

Patients with obvious lesions in the heart, lungs, brain, liver, and kidneys, as well as severe anemia or high blood pressure, should not blindly Enter the plateau. If you have never been to a plateau, it is recommended that you undergo a strict physical examination before entering the plateau.

Tourists suffering from organic diseases, severe anemia or severe hypertension have poor adaptability to the plateau environment. In the early stage of entering the plateau, their risk of acute mountain sickness is significantly higher than that of other people; if they stay on the plateau for too long, they are also more susceptible to various chronic mountain sickness than other people. At the same time, as the body has to adapt to the plateau environment, the compensatory activities of important organs such as the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys increase, increasing the burden on these organs. Once diseases occur in these organs, the condition will be further aggravated.

If you are not sure whether you can participate in travel activities in Tibet, it is recommended that you seek advice from an experienced doctor and try to follow sound principles.

2. Preparation before entering the plateau

(1). Before entering the plateau, you can consult people with experience in plateau life so that you can be aware of the precautions and avoid unnecessary tension.

（2）． Before entering the plateau, smoking and alcohol are prohibited to prevent upper respiratory tract infections. Avoid being overtired and recuperate and get enough rest. Take American ginseng appropriately to enhance the body's ability to resist hypoxia. If you have a respiratory infection, you should cure it before entering the plateau.

（3）． Good psychological quality is a panacea for overcoming and defeating altitude sickness. A large number of cases have proven that maintaining an open-minded and optimistic mood and building strong self-confidence can reduce the physical discomfort caused by altitude sickness. On the contrary, worrying, overthinking, and being stressed out at altitude at the slightest discomfort will increase the oxygen consumption of the brain tissue, thereby aggravating the physical discomfort and prolonging the self-healing time.

（4）． If you have never been to a plateau, you must undergo a strict physical examination before entering the plateau. Patients with severe anemia or high blood pressure should not enter the plateau blindly.

3. Things to note when entering the plateau

(1). Oxygen and drugs to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness should be prepared as much as possible, such as nifedipine (also known as xintongding), aminophylline, etc. It is also necessary to prepare drugs to prevent and treat colds, antibiotics and vitamin drugs, etc., just in case.

（2）． Due to the cold climate of the plateau and the large temperature difference between day and night, be sure to prepare enough cold-proof clothes to prevent colds. Both cold and respiratory infections may trigger acute mountain sickness.

（3）． If serious symptoms of mountain sickness occur on the way to the plateau, you should deal with it immediately and take aminophylline or nifedipine 20 mg sublingually. In severe cases, oxygen should be administered. If you have severe chest tightness, severe coughing, difficulty breathing, coughing up pink frothy sputum, or are unresponsive, apathetic, or even comatose, in addition to the above treatment, you should go to a nearby hospital for rescue as soon as possible, or transfer to a place at a lower altitude as soon as possible. area for treatment recovery.

（4）． Due to the long time required to enter the plateau by car, poor accommodation conditions and high physical exertion during the journey, in addition to preparing the above items, you should also prepare water or drinks and delicious and easy-to-digest food to replenish the body's necessary water and heat.

4. Altitude sickness → When traveling in Tibet, the most important thing to pay attention to is altitude sickness.

It varies from person to person and it is difficult to predict before going to the plateau. A weak person may not have a big reaction, and a strong person may not have no reaction. Everyone's reaction manifests itself differently. In general, thin people are better than fat people, women are better than men, short people are better than tall people, and young people are better than old people.

After entering the plateau from the plain area, the regulatory changes in the human body are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1). Pulse (heart rate) frequency: The normal pulse rate in plain areas is 72 beats/min. When you first arrive at the plateau, the pulse can increase to 80 to 90 beats/min. For some people, the pulse can reach more than 100 beats/min. It can recover after living for a period of time.

（2）． Respiration: When the respiratory system is mildly hypoxic, the first manifestation is that breathing deepens and accelerates. As the hypoxia worsens, the respiratory rate further accelerates, and people feel chest tightness and shortness of breath. After adaptation, it will gradually return to its original level.

（3）． Blood pressure: Normal systolic blood pressure in plain areas is 110 to 120 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is 0 to 80 mmHg. After entering the plateau for the first time, due to the effects of vascular receptors and body fluids, blood vessels in the skin, abdominal organs, etc. constrict and blood pressure rises, thus ensuring the blood supply in the coronary arteries of the heart and cerebral blood vessels. It will return to normal after adaptation.

（4）． Nervous system: The central nervous system, especially the brain, is extremely sensitive to hypoxia. When there is mild hypoxia, the excitability of the entire nervous system increases, such as emotional tension, irritability, etc., followed by headache, dizziness, insomnia, forgetfulness, etc. After entering a higher altitude area, the process of excitement turns to inhibition, showing drowsiness, apathy, and slow reaction. A few severe cases may experience loss of consciousness or even coma, but will return to normal after being moved to low ground. The severity of neurological symptoms is often closely related to the individual's mental state and mental emotions. People who are afraid of plateaus and lack mental preparation will have more reactions; on the contrary, people who are in good spirits will have less reactions.

（5）． Digestive system: The secretion of digestive glands and gastrointestinal peristalsis entering the plateau are inhibited. Except for a slight increase in pancreatic secretion, the rest of the secretions such as saliva, intestinal juice, and bile for digesting food are reduced compared to the plains, and gastrointestinal function is significantly weakened. Therefore, a series of digestive system disorder symptoms such as loss of appetite, bloating, abdominal diarrhea or constipation, and upper abdominal pain may occur. After living on the plateau for a period of time, you can gradually recover.

At plateau, if you continue to feel unwell you should go to the hospital for treatment. The most important thing is not to go to the plateau carrying the baggage of psychological fear.

5. Things to pay attention to after arriving at the plateau

(1). Everyone will feel shortness of breath, chest tightness, difficulty breathing and other hypoxic symptoms to varying degrees when they first arrive at the plateau. But this does not mean that you are not adapted to the plateau. If you can protect yourself correctly, the above symptoms will generally improve or disappear after 2 to 4 days. Travelers who have not fully adapted to the plateau climate are best to spend a few more days in Lhasa to adapt.

（2）． If you are flying to a plateau, symptoms of altitude sickness will generally occur in about 12 to 14 hours. Therefore, when you first arrive at the plateau, be sure not to exercise vigorously, but to rest in bed immediately. Otherwise, it will take more time to get used to it once you feel the reaction.

（3）． People often use saliva to inhale oxygen to relieve chest tightness and discomfort. Of course, oxygen inhalation can temporarily relieve chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms, but the symptoms will reappear after stopping oxygen inhalation, delaying the time to adapt to the plateau. If your above-mentioned symptoms are not serious, it is recommended not to inhale oxygen, which can help you adapt to the plateau environment faster. Mild altitude sickness will heal on its own without treatment. Do not take oxygen frequently to avoid becoming dependent.

（4）． After entering Tibet, you should eat more carbohydrates and easily digestible foods; drink more water to keep your body fully hydrated; and avoid overeating at dinner. It is best not to drink alcohol and smoke. Eat more fruits, vegetables and other vitamin-rich foods.

（5）． Pay attention to avoid excessive fatigue and eat regularly. In the first few days after arriving at the plateau, do not take frequent baths to avoid catching a cold. Colds are often the main cause of acute high altitude pulmonary edema (difficult to recover in a hypoxic state)

(6). During your stay in Tibet, you should not travel too frequently and your body should not be overloaded. When you first arrive at the plateau, you are not allowed to walk quickly, let alone run, or do physical labor. After a week, you can gradually increase the amount of activity.

（7）． It must be noted that if the symptoms of the reaction become more severe after entering the plateau, especially when resting, you should immediately take oxygen and go to the hospital for treatment. Patients with rare high-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema must receive large amounts of oxygen and be quickly transported to low-altitude areas while receiving medical treatment.

（8）． Those who insist on physical exercise all year round and have good physical fitness will have minimal altitude sickness and can recover quickly, but they should not be careless and try to be brave. Especially before entering a new altitude, one or two days of gradual adaptability training is required. Do not suddenly enter an area above 5,000 meters above sea level without adaptation and preparation to prevent unexpected events.

In short, regardless of whether you are male or female, old or young, strong or weak, it is crucial to maintain a healthy and optimistic attitude. As long as you can follow the above points, you will quickly get rid of the troubles of altitude sickness after entering Tibet. , come here with pleasure and return with pleasure.

Also note: Do not get too close to wild animals, especially wild yaks, and stay away from them if you see them. In addition, yellow sheep and Tibetan antelopes have the habit of racing with cars. The atmosphere is very exciting, but you'd better be careful, accidents can easily happen.

6. Skin care

Scientific research agrees that the main cause of skin damage and aging is sun exposure. Tibet is located on a plateau, the weather is dry, the air is thin and dusty, ultraviolet rays are very strong, and travel is often arduous. Such an environment is a big test for the skin. If you don’t want to sacrifice your skin while traveling, you must be prepared, especially traveling ladies.

It is necessary to wear a hat, but don’t wear it too tight, as this will make it easy for you to grow pimples on your forehead.

Don’t be too cheap on sunscreen, preferably one with an SPF greater than 15. Apply sunscreen for ten minutes before going out - chemical sunscreens need a period of time to combine with the skin before they are most effective. Sweating is inevitable when traveling, so it’s best to apply it every hour or two.

At the same time, what needs special attention is the lips. In Tibet, lips are prone to cracking. Be sure to prepare lip balm.

In addition, keeping a calm mind is helpful to maintain your skin; even if the conditions are sometimes difficult, you still need to eat more fruits and vegetables. Another way to keep your skin in good shape is to wash your face before going to bed at night. It is best not to wash your face when you get up in the morning. For long-term outdoor activities of more than 10 days, if you do not have good sanitary conditions, it is best not to wash your face. Dusty skin generally has a protective effect on the skin. Of course, applying a little ghee will have better results. Don’t worry if it’s a little dirty, but what I’m afraid of is that if you wash it too clean, it will easily cause skin peeling.

Most girls who travel to Tibet and love beauty are afraid of getting tanned, but applying sunscreen is not enough. Sunscreen only prevents the skin from getting sunburned, but it does not guarantee that you will not get tanned - especially It is a foreign sunscreen product.

Obviously, this conflicts with the aesthetics of Chinese girls, so some domestic brands’ products have a unique “non-tanning” function. Look carefully, it might be useful. Areas to pay extra attention to when applying sunscreen are the cheeks and ears.

Finally, I would like to say that whether you are dark or not is related to your skin type. If you have taken enough measures and still have dark skin, you can only follow the trend and become a healthy bronze beauty. .

7. Other health matters

(1). Pay attention to keeping warm. The temperature difference between day and night in Tibet is very large, and the temperature is relatively low in the morning and evening. Generally, the temperature drops by 6°C for every 1,000 meters of altitude increase, so be sure to keep warm. Even in summer, you must prepare a jacket or sweater. It can be very cold if you stay in a dark temple hall for a long time. In addition, it is also important to keep your body dry.

（2）． The strong sunlight and ultraviolet rays on the plateau will damage your eyes. You should prepare a sun hat and sunglasses. Tibet has a lot of ice and snow environment. Ice, snow and water surfaces will reflect strong sunlight. On sunny days, your eyes will be directly exposed to this environment. Within a few hours, snow can form. Therefore, you must wear snow goggles when doing activities in areas above the snow line, or at least good sunglasses that can filter ultraviolet rays. Snow blindness can cause temporary blindness. Mild symptoms include: sensitivity to light, blinking, sand in the eyes, pain, red eyes, and constant tears. If snow blindness occurs, you should wash your eyes with eye drops, go to a dark place or cover your eyes with a goggle, use a cold towel to cool them, reduce eye use, and rest as much as possible. Good rest and a soothing environment can relieve the symptoms of snow blindness in time, but full recovery usually takes 5 to 7 days.

（3）． Various tourist routes in Tibet have large peaks and poor sanitary conditions, so it is not advisable to use contact lenses. If you want to wear them, you may wish to consider using disposable lenses. Contact lenses are sold in Lhasa, and the price is similar to that in the mainland.

（4）． Due to the dry climate when first arriving on the plateau, some tourists are prone to nosebleeds and chapped lips. At Gonggar Airport, you can often see some tourists leaving Lhasa with burned cheeks and noses. So bring sunscreen, body lotion and lip balm.

（5）． Bring some topical nasal ointment and throat lozenges to relieve nose and throat discomfort caused by dryness.

（6）． It is recommended that you consider bringing the following medicines: Jinshi Erkang, American ginseng lozenges, aspirin, Pili pain, bezoar detoxification tablets, Ganmao Ling, laryngitis pills, cough drops, white flower oil, vitamin C pills, stomach medicine, gauze, eye Potions and anti-inflammatories.

（7）． It is recommended to prepare a small pill box of each size, put the larger one in your backpack and carry the smaller one with you.

（8）． Be careful of heat stroke. The sunshine on the plateau is very scary, especially when doing long-term outdoor activities in summer. Therefore, for outdoor travel on the plateau, you must be prepared with cooling oil, human elixir, etc., and drink plenty of water. If someone is found to have heat stroke, they should be moved to a cool and ventilated place as soon as possible, lie down half-way with their head and shoulders raised, take off their outer clothes and wet the patient's underwear with water, fan them continuously and wipe the patient's body with a cold towel to lower the patient's body temperature. When the patient is awake, he should be given fluids.