What technologies are mainly used in smart tourism and what systems are they specifically used in?

Cloud Computing?

To be precise, Cloud Computing does not refer to a specific technology or standard, but a concept, a computing model and a The application model of IT resources is to provide ubiquitous, convenient and on-demand network access to shared configurable computing resources (such as networks, servers, storage, applications and services). End users do not need to understand the technical details of cloud computing or related professional knowledge. They only need to focus on what resources they need and how to obtain corresponding services through the network. The purpose is to solve the massive data storage and processing problems brought about by the development of the Internet. . The core idea of ??"cloud computing" is the effective allocation of computing, information and other resources. ?Cloud computing includes two aspects: on the one hand, it refers to the system platform used to construct applications, its status is equivalent to the operating system on a personal computer, called cloud computing platform (referred to as cloud platform); on the other hand, it describes the establishment of Cloud computing applications on this platform (referred to as cloud applications). Cloud computing platforms can dynamically deploy, configure, reconfigure and de-deploy servers on demand; these servers can be physical or virtual. Cloud computing application refers to an application that can be extended to access through the Internet. It uses large-scale data centers and powerful servers to run network applications and network services, allowing any user to access standard devices through the appropriate Internet. A browser can access cloud computing applications. Cloud computing services can be divided into three levels: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). ?

The cloud computing construction of smart tourism must include both cloud computing platform and cloud computing applications. At present, in the practice of smart tourism, the concepts of cloud computing platform and cloud computing application are often confused, such as "tourism cloud", "tourism cloud computing", "tourism cloud computing platform", etc. In fact, the cloud platform has a certain degree of application independence. Therefore, the application research of cloud computing for smart tourism should focus on cloud computing applications, such as studying how to integrate and store a large amount or even a massive amount of tourism information in a data center, how to Build various tourism applications (information inquiry, online booking, payment, etc.) that can be obtained, stored, processed, exchanged, queried, analyzed, and utilized by tourists and tourism organizations (enterprises, public management and services, etc.). To a certain extent, cloud computing in smart tourism embodies the full sharing and full utilization of tourism resources and social resources, as well as an intensive wisdom of resource optimization. ?

2. Internet of Things ?

The concept of Internet of Things (IOT) was proposed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1999. It mainly refers to relying on information sensing technology and equipment such as radio frequency identification (RFID) to connect and communicate with the network in accordance with agreed protocols, thereby forming a "network connected to things" and realizing the functional identification and management of item information. With the continuous development of information technology and applications, the connotation of the Internet of Things is also constantly expanding. At present, the Internet of Things, generally recognized by the industry and academia, refers to the use of radio frequency identification (RFID), global positioning system (GPS), sensors, actuators and other devices to perceive and identify the physical world, relying on communication networks for transmission and interconnection, and using computing Facilities and software systems perform information processing and knowledge mining to realize information interaction and seamless links between people and things, and things and things, thereby achieving real-time control, precise management and scientific decision-making of the physical world. ?The architecture of the Internet of Things consists of the perception layer (sensing equipment, identification technology), transmission layer (wireless communication technology, wide area network technology, gateway technology) and application layer (cloud computing, massive data storage, data mining and analysis, artificial intelligence) composition. ?

The Internet of Things in smart tourism can be understood as the expansion of Internet tourism applications and the form of ubiquitous network tourism applications. If tourism applications based on Internet technology are called "online tourism", then tourism applications based on Internet of Things technology can be called "online and offline tourism" that cover both "online" and "offline". Internet of Things technology breaks through the "online" limitations of Internet applications, and this breakthrough is adapted to the mobile and non-online characteristics of tourists. The ubiquitous network refers to a ubiquitous network, that is, based on the needs of individuals and society, using existing and new network technologies to achieve ubiquitous on-demand information acquisition between people, people and things, and things and things. A comprehensive service network system for transmission, storage, cognition, decision-making and use. The "online" and "offline" integration of tourism applications based on the Internet of Things reflects the "ubiquitous" essential feature of the ubiquitous network, and this essence is also adapted to the dynamic and mobile characteristics of tourists. ?

3. Mobile communication technology?

Mobile communication is one of the things-to-things communication modes. It mainly refers to the communication between mobile devices and between mobile devices and fixed devices. Wireless communication to realize wireless connection of real-time data of devices between systems and remote devices. Therefore, mobile communication can be understood as a way of connecting things to things in the Internet of Things, and is the core infrastructure supporting the smart tourism Internet of Things.

?The reason why mobile communication technology is specially proposed as a connection method of the Internet of Things is because with the development and popularization of mobile terminal devices and technologies such as smartphones and handheld computers (PDA), mobile communication technology has enabled the tourism application of information technology. The development from being centered on personal computers to being centered on "people" carrying mobile communication terminal equipment - tourists, reflects the direction of information technology application targeting individual travelers. Personal computers are connected based on computer network technology and prosper various tourism applications through Internet technology; while mobile communication terminal devices are connected based on mobile communication technology and prosper various tourism applications through Internet and Internet of Things technologies. Mobile communication technology has developed rapidly since its birth. It has developed from the first generation to the third generation (3G) and is developing to the fourth generation (4G). Mobile communication technology in smart tourism provides tourists with a wealth of high-quality services, such as full-course (before, during, and after travel) information services, ubiquitous (any time, any place) mobile access services, and diversified user terminals (Personalization and multi-mode human-computer interaction such as voice, touch, vision, etc.) as well as intelligent services and intelligent mobile agents (intelligentagent), etc.

The application of mobile communication technology in smart tourism will greatly improve tourists’ travel experience and recreation quality, improve tourism destination management level and service quality, and make tourism management and services more refined and high-quality. Advance. What mobile communication technology embodies in smart tourism is the wisdom of meeting the personalized needs of tourists and providing high-quality, high-satisfaction services. ?

4. Artificial Intelligence Technology?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the basic theory and method of studying how to use computer software and hardware to simulate certain intelligent behaviors of humans. and technology, involving research content in knowledge representation, automatic reasoning and search methods, machine learning and knowledge acquisition, knowledge processing systems, natural language understanding, computer vision, intelligent robots, automatic programming, etc. It has been widely used in robots, decision-making systems, control systems and simulation systems. ?

Smart tourism includes advanced computer software, hardware and communication technology with the Internet of Things and mobile communications as the core, as well as reasonable and effective allocation technology of computing and information resources with cloud computing as the core; but , how to make full use of the large or even massive data information that smart tourism continuously collects, stores and processes so that it can play an important role in tourism services and management is a key issue related to the success or failure of smart tourism. Artificial intelligence is the key technology used by smart tourism to effectively process and use data, information and knowledge, and use computer reasoning technology to support decision-making and solve problems. In the field of tourism research, artificial intelligence is more often used in tourism demand forecasting; and the role of artificial intelligence in smart tourism is not only this, but also includes recreation quality evaluation, tourism service quality evaluation, tourism emergency warning, and tourism impact Perception research and many other fields. If the Internet of Things, cloud computing and mobile communication technologies are regarded as the architecture technology of smart tourism, then artificial intelligence is the core technology of smart tourism.