Xi' an's story

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Xi' an general situation

Xi 'an, known as Chang 'an in ancient times, is one of the four famous ancient capitals in the world, ranking first among the ancient capitals in China. It is the capital with the longest capital, the most dynasties and the greatest influence in the history of China, the cradle of the Chinese nation, the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the representative of Chinese culture. In history, Xi, known as "a golden city of thousands of miles and a land of abundance", is the birthplace of the Chinese nation. It has a history of more than 3200 years, 1300 years. It is one of the earliest cities in the history of the world. In 65,438+0,986,5438+0, Xi 'an was designated as a "world famous historical city" by UNESCO. Among the names used since ancient times, "Chang 'an" is the longest and most famous. Chang 'an, which means "long-term stability", is the most famous capital in the history of Chinese civilization and oriental civilization. Xi is one of the earliest cities in human history. According to Guang Wu Bo Zhi, Yi Shu Zhi, Shan Hai Jing and other records, the legendary stories of Pangu's creation of the world and the goddess' mending the sky all happened here. According to archaeological confirmation, as early as the Paleolithic Age, this was the inhabited area of Lantian ape-man, while in the early Neolithic Age, primitive settlements such as "Huaxu Ancient Country", "Banpo", "Jiangzhai" and "Huidui Slope" had been formed here. The "Ancient Country of Huaxu" is considered as the "ancestor of China", from which legends such as Pangu, Nuwa and Huangdi were derived. In BC12nd century, King Jichang of Zhou Dynasty established his capital here. Since then, Xi has been the political, economic and cultural center of China for more than 1300 years, and 2/kloc-0 dynasties and political powers have established their capitals here. It was the ancient capital of 13 dynasties, and was once the capital of Xi in four heydays in China history. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Xi 'an was the center of China's foreign exchange and the earliest international metropolis with a population of one million in the world. In its heyday, Xi 'an has always played the role of the center of the world, attracting a large number of foreign envoys and worshippers. "West Rome, East Chang 'an" is a portrayal of its historical position in the world. Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty was the largest capital city in China in ancient times and even in the history of the world, which had a far-reaching influence on world civilization, especially East Asian civilization, and was also the intersection of eastern and western civilizations in the ancient world. "We all hold high the idea of going far away and want to go to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon", Xi 'an showed the world the national spirit of self-confidence, openness, generosity, tolerance and progress of civilized China, and created a cultural highland that China people will always be proud of. The famous Silk Road starts from Xi 'an; The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum show the splendid and profound historical and cultural heritage of this city. "The history of a city is the history of a country." Xi 'an, the historical and cultural capital of China, has become the opposite of China's history, the business card of China's culture and the chip of China's spirit. At the same time, Xi, as one of the most important central cities in western China, is the transportation center, cultural center and science and education center in western China, and has been determined by the state as the third international metropolis to be built in China. Modern Xi attracts people all over the world with its magnificent natural environment and proud historical and cultural resources. Population: At the end of 2009, the resident population was 8,434,600. Ethnic groups: The Han nationality accounts for 98.8% of the total population, and there are 50 ethnic groups in China in Xi. Among ethnic groups, the most populous landmark building is the Hui nationality: Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Ming City Wall, Daming Palace, Datang Furong Garden, Little Wild Goose Pagoda, etc. Dialect: Sino-Tibetan is the central plains official dialect of Han-Shan dialect, with an altitude of 345-3767 meters, and the highest point is La Sendai in Taibai Mountain. The lowest point is the Weihe River exit, which is 345 meters above sea level. The latitude and longitude are 34' 15 north latitude and 0/08' 55 east longitude. The city boundary is 204 kilometers long from east to west. North-South Width116 km GDP: 2719.10 billion yuan (2009) Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee: Mayor Sun Qingyun: Chen Baogen Time Zone: Xi 'an, the origin of China's national time service center, is located in Jingyang County, north of Xi 'an, and its geographical location is Weihe Valley. Guanzhong specialties: mutton bread in soup, gourd chicken, red dates, beef and mutton bread in soup, sheep blood noodle soup, gourd head, rice skin, Chinese hamburger, rice skin, Guojia roast duck, mutton offal, slate steamed buns ... Xi 'an is located at 34 degrees north latitude, with the warmest and wettest climate in the north, with an average annual temperature of 13.6 degrees.

The development of history

Names of past dynasties

Xi Chang 'an City: Fengjing (Zhou)-Haojing (Zhou)-Xianyang (Qin)-Chang 'an (New)-Daxing (Sui)-Chang 'an (Tang)-Chang 'an (Later Tang)-Chang 'an (Song: Note "Xi 'an"): Zhou Zong (Zhou)-.

One originated in Xi 'an,

"Xi 'an City" was called "Fenghao" and "Fenghao" in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which were the combined names of the maple scenery and Haojing built by Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang respectively. The area where Fenghao is located is called Zhou Zong. The Qin Dynasty called it "internal history". At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang made Guanzhong his capital, and the newly built city was named Chang 'an, meaning "long-term stability", and the area where Chang 'an was located was changed to "Jingzhao", meaning "the land of both capital and capital". After the opening of the Silk Road, "Chang 'an" became the center of oriental civilization. History says that "there is Rome in the west and Chang 'an in the east". In the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi changed his name to "Daxing City". In the Tang Dynasty, the name of "Chang 'an" was restored. In the Yuan Dynasty, "Chang 'an" lost its status as the capital, and the "Jingzhaofu" where "Chang 'an City" was located was renamed "Fengyuan Road". In the Ming Dynasty, "Fengyuan Road" was changed to "Xi 'an House", hence the name "Xi 'an". However, Chang 'an City is still called Chang 'an, which is under the jurisdiction of Chang 'an County. The name of Chang 'an has not been abolished until Chang 'an was separated from Chang 'an County in modern times and Xi 'an was established independently. From about 1 1 century BC to the end of 9th century AD, Ann was the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China for a long time, and was always under the jurisdiction of local administrative organs-Zhou, County, Fu, Lu, Province and Chang 'an and Xianning counties. In most dynasties, Xi 'an belonged to the organizational system at the county and government levels. 1928 was first established as a city in Xi, and 1948 was changed from a provincial city to a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan of the National Government. 198 1 year, UNESCO recognized Xi as a world famous historical city.

The Abolition of Ancient Place Names in Chang 'an

In the 5th year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (the first 202 years), Chang 'an County was established, and a new city was built in Chang 'an County, named Chang 'an City. In the early years of the Republic of China, Chang 'an belonged to Guanzhong Road and was under the direct control of the provincial capital. 1928, the government of the Republic of China decided to establish Xi 'an City, which was divided into Chang 'an County City and Siguan. 1930 1655. 1942, Xi 'an Administrative Office was re-established, and Xi 'an was re-established the following year. "Chang 'an City" Chengguan and Chengxiu Township are once again included in Xi City, covering an area of 230 square kilometers. Since then, the ancient name "Chang 'an" has died out.

administrative division

Xi governs 4 counties in 10 district, with a total area of 1 1053 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 3,782 square kilometers and the built-up area is about 600 square kilometers.

The new address of the Municipal People's Government is located in Weiyang Square, Fengcheng Eighth Road, weiyang district. The resident population is 8,434,600 (end of 2009), including 5,650,000 urban residents, 5,490,000 urban registered residents and 6,462,300 urban residents (end of 2008). The new urban area covers an area of 3 1 km2 with a population of 640,000. Located in the northeast of the city center, it spans inside and outside the city wall. It is named after Qingcheng (also known as the new city), one of the three old cities in Xi 'an and one of the core areas of five cities. Beilin district covers an area of 22 square kilometers and has a population of 830,000. Located in the south of the city center, it spans inside and outside the city wall. Named after the forest of steles in An, it is one of the three ancient cities in An and one of the core areas of five cities. Lianhu District covers an area of 38 square kilometers and has a population of 640,000. Located in the northwest of the city center, it spans inside and outside the city wall. Named after China Lianhu Park, it is one of the three ancient cities in Xi and one of the five core cities. There are 80 thousand Hui people living in the southwest of the city wall; Yanta District covers an area of 152 square kilometers and a population of1120,000. Located in the south of the city, named after China Wild Goose Pagoda, it is the location of Xi 'an National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Xi 'an Qujiang National Cultural Industry Demonstration Zone and Exhibition Center. There are many colleges and universities in the area, leading in science and technology, rich in humanities and developed in industry and commerce, and it is one of the core areas of Xi 'an and Anwu. Weiyang district covers an area of 262 square kilometers and has a population of 6 1 10,000. Located in the northwest of the city, named after the Weiyang Palace site in Chang 'an, China, it is the location of the National Economic and Technological Development Zone in Chang 'an District, Daming Palace National Heritage Park, Chang 'an City Site, Xi Chanba Ecological Zone and Eurasian Economic Forum. One of the five major urban core areas. The new administrative center of Xi City is built here, which is the new center of Xi's future city. Baqiao District covers an area of 322 square kilometers and has a population of 550,000. Located in the east of the city, named after the ancient Baqiao site in China, Xi 'an Chanba Ecological Zone and Xi 'an International Port Area are located; It is an important textile industry base in China; Chang 'an District covers an area of 1.583 km2 and a population of 1.03 million. Chang 'an District is located in the south and west of the city, with western University Town and Xi 'an National Civil Aerospace Industry Base in the north, Gaocheng Site and Kunming Pool Site in Zhou Feng in the west, Qinling Wildlife Reserve and Cuihuashan World Geopark in the south. In 2002, Chang 'an County was abolished and Chang 'an District was established, and the regional economy developed rapidly. Qu Wei Street People's Government Office Building. Yanliang district covers an area of 240 square kilometers and has a population of 250,000. Located in the northeast of the city, 60 kilometers away from the city center, named after the idiom "Yan Liang", it is the largest aviation city in Asia and has Xi' an Yanliang National Aviation High-tech Industrial Base; Lintong District covers an area of 898 square kilometers and has a population of 670,000. Located in the eastern part of the city, it is named after the Helin River and Tonghe River in China. There are Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors Museum, Huaqing Pool, Lishan and Xi Incident sites. Lantian county covers an area of 1976 square kilometers and has a population of 630,000. Languan street people's government. Zhouzhi county covers an area of 2,956 square kilometers and has a population of 560,000. Erqu street people's government. Huxian county covers an area of 12 13 square kilometers with a population of 560,000. Ganting Town Street People's Government. Gaoling County covers an area of 294 square kilometers and has a population of 280,000. Luyuan street people's government. Fengwei New District covers an area of 195 square kilometers with a population of 250,000. Xi also has eight demonstration development zones and bases for coordinating urban and rural resources reform, which are collectively called "five districts, one port and two bases". They are: National xi 'an High-tech Industrial Development Zone National High-tech Industrial Standardization Demonstration Zone National Xi Economic and Technological Development Zone Xi 'an Qujiang New District National Cultural Industry Demonstration Zone National Ecological Zone Xi 'an Chanba National Ecological Zone National Water Ecological Protection and Restoration Pilot Xi 'an Fengwei New District Shaanxi Xixian New Area Xi 'an Management Part Xi 'an International Port Area Xi 'an Yanliang National Aviation High-tech Industrial Base National Shaanxi Aviation Economic and Technological Development Zone Xi 'an National Civil Aerospace Industrial Base National Shaanxi Aerospace Economic and Technological Development Zone.

Xi 'an Capital's Dynasty

Xi 'an is the city with the earliest capital, the longest time (1200 years) and the most dynasties in China. Xi 'an condensed the essence of China's history: from the peak of slave society-the Western Zhou Dynasty, the first unified empire in China, the first prosperous dynasty in China-the Western Han Dynasty to the peak of feudal society in China, Xi 'an wrote the most colorful chapter in China's history. In the history of China, 265,438+0 regimes once established their capitals in Xi 'an. But which of them should be called dynasty and whose capital should be regarded as Xi 'an is a controversial issue. This is the different understanding of the concepts of "Korea", "capital" and "capital", which leads to the different understanding of which dynasty's capital is in a certain place. At present, there are 13 dynasties recognized by officials and historians. In addition, 14 hypers are different from 17 hypers.

13 dynasty refers to 13 dynasty, including Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty (Yu), Former Zhao Dynasty, Former Qin Dynasty, Later Qin Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, which all established their capitals here 1200 years ago. 13 dynasties are the number of dynasties established by the government and historians.

16 Super Master

16 dynasty-On the basis of 13 dynasty, the regime established by Liu Xuan was re-established, and the red eyebrow regime established by Fan Chong and Liu Pengzi and the Daqi regime established by Huang Chao were added.

17 Chao Shuo 17 Chao-there are two situations:

(1) On the basis of the situation of 14 dynasty 1, add the Dashun established by Wu Zhou, Daqi and Li Zicheng;

(2) On the basis of the 13 dynasty, a new initial regime, the Chimei regime, was established, and He Daqi Dashun was established. Other less influential ones will not be detailed here.

The Relationship between Chang 'an and Xianyang in History

Xi today and Xianyang in history are the same city. This can be seen from the relationship between the ancient two places. Xi and Xianyang are the nearest cities in China, with a distance of 17km. Expressway around Xi 'an was built in Xianyang, and the airport was moved from Taoyuan in Xi 'an to Xianyang. In September, 2006, Xianyang area code was merged into Xi 'an, and 029 area code was used with Xi 'an. It is in the process of the integration of West and Salt. Xianyang, Qin Dou. Most of Epang Palace is in Xi 'an today, and the Terracotta Warriors and Mausoleums are in Xi 'an today (located in Lintong District, Xi 'an). The ancestral temple of Qin was on the south bank of Weihe River, and Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, which happened in Qinzhangtai Palace (later the front hall of Han Weiyang Palace). Lin Xiangru, Lian Po and the king of Qin sat on the stage. The layout of palaces in Qin dynasty has not yet formed the layout of Miyagi, Imperial City and Three Great Halls. Xianyang City, Qin Dynasty spans the Weihe River north and south. Chang 'an was the capital of Dong Zhuo and Li Jue during the dictatorship of the Western Han Dynasty and the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Chang 'an in Han Dynasty was founded on the site of Xianyang in Qin Dynasty. According to historical records, "Chang 'an in Han Dynasty is also the site of Xianyang in Qin Dynasty", Zhang Heng's Xijing Fu says that Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty "crossed the Zhou Dynasty to explore the Qin system", and Huang Tu's Preface to Three Fu also says: "Wu Zhao governs Xianyang and takes Han as its capital". "Old Tang Book Geography" said: "The capital is Xianyang, Qin and Chang 'an, Han. "After King Qin Huiwen, Xianyang continued to expand to the south, and built buildings such as Zhangtai, Xingle Palace, Ganquan Palace, Xin Palace, Epang Palace and Seven Temples in the south of Weihe River. After Liu Bang won the world, under the persuasion of Lou Jing and Sean, he built Chang 'an as his capital. Restoration of Xingle Palace in Qin Dynasty was changed to Changle Palace, and Weiyang Palace was built on the basis of Qin Zhangtai. That is to say, Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty was established on the basis of Xianyang, Qin Dou, indicating that the location of the capital was determined by Han Dynasty and Qin Dynasty. The Ques Palace in the Han Dynasty is located in Xi 'an Hancheng Reserve, north of the North Second Ring Road, and the mausoleum of Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty is located in Xianyang. Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. This imperial city completely coincides with Xi today. Most tombs of Tang emperors, such as Zhaoling and Ganling, are located in Xianyang city today. The eighteen tombs in the Tang Dynasty were all in the county under the jurisdiction of Jingzhao Prefecture, and Ganling was Fengtian County of Jingzhao Prefecture.

Xi 'an and Xianyang are the same city in 1966- 197 1, and are divided into two cities in 197 1. Xi 'an is the sub-provincial level and Xianyang is the prefecture level. This year, Xi Xianyang is carrying out the integration of Xi 'an Xianyang, and now Xi 'an Xianyang Special Zone, including the Olympic Garden, has been built.

Xi'an Incident

1936 12 February 12, Kuomintang generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched a protest in Xi 'an, forcing President Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China to resist Japan. It is called the Xi event, also known as the Double Twelve event.

From 1936 to 12, the Xi Incident initiated by Zhang Xueliang and General Yang Hucheng and its peaceful settlement were important events in the history of China. On the basis of cooperation between the two parties, it played an important role in promoting the anti-Japanese national United front.

Xi since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).

1949 On May 20th, Xi 'an was liberated. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi 'an was once the seat of the Central Northwest Bureau and the Northwest Administrative Committee (the Central Northwest Bureau and the Northwest Administrative Committee were abolished). Municipalities directly under the Central Government: 1954 was changed to provincial cities, and now it is a sub-provincial city. After more than 60 years of construction and development, Xi has formed a city service system with a relatively complete industrial system, and has become an important scientific research, higher education, national defense science and technology industry and high-tech industrial base in China, as well as a financial, scientific, technological, educational, tourism and business center radiating to the central and western regions of the north.

International metropolis

"Xi International Metropolis" will undertake the mission of great rejuvenation. In recent years, Xi 'an's overall development goal is to "build an international metropolis and revive the glory of Han and Tang Dynasties". To achieve this great goal, we must take history as a mirror, establish a far-sighted vision, establish an open and inclusive mentality, and re-examine and formulate the development orientation of cities in the globalization pattern under the guarantee of advanced systems. The State Council has strategically positioned Xi 'an, the core and leading city of the economic zone, as a "modern international metropolis". Standing at a new strategic height, Xi 'an will surely shoulder the historical mission of building an international metropolis. To build an international metropolis, we should make an orderly breakthrough and lay a solid foundation for building an international metropolis by the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. By 2020, Xi 'an will be the embryonic form of an international metropolis; By 2030, Xi 'an will be built into a specialized international metropolis with distinctive characteristics; By 2050, Xi 'an will be built into an international metropolis with important influence in the world; By the beginning of the 22nd century, Xi will be built into a highly developed and civilized cultural and economic center, playing an important role in the world.

Describe Xi 'an's ancient poems and sentences.

Xi 'an is a world-famous ancient cultural capital, and there are countless poems describing Chang 'an in ancient times:

The spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and Chang' an flowers will see you one day;

A cloud rises between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart;

Chang' an Avenue is surrounded by sand, and the morning breeze is dust-free, rain-free and mud-free;

Chang' an looks back at the embroidered pile, and the top of the mountain opens a thousand times;

Sauvignon Blanc, in Chang 'an;

I only read the old books in my memory. When will I join hands with Chang 'an?

The rain in Tianjie is crisp, and the grass color is near and not far;

This is the most beautiful season of the year, far better than the late spring of the green willow.

Xi' an business card

China Aerospace City (Seattle, China)

China Excellent Tourism City

the national health city

national landscape garden city

China is the best managed city.

The happiest city in China.

China is the city that cares most about people's livelihood.

The latest business card

Building a demonstration city of water-saving society

China has the best international image.

Fall in love with the countryside: China is the most famous city worth introducing to the world.

Best city award for government satisfaction

Climate environment

Xi belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate zone, with moderate rainfall and four distinct seasons. The annual maximum temperature is about 40 degrees Celsius, and the annual minimum temperature is about -8 degrees Celsius. The average frost-free period is 2 19~233 days. 65438+ 10 is the coldest month, with an average temperature of -0.5℃~ 1.3℃ and an average minimum temperature of -3.8℃. It is the hottest in July, with an average temperature of 26.3℃~27℃ and an average maximum temperature of 32.2℃. The annual average temperature is 65438 03.6℃. The average temperature of Xi in 2007 is 13.7℃ (Lantian) ~ 15.6℃ (Xi 'an), which is 0.6 ~ 1.9℃ higher than normal, 0.6℃ higher in Chang 'an and 1.9℃ higher in urban areas. Maximum temperature The average hot period when the annual maximum temperature is equal to or greater than 35℃ is about 22 days, and the maximum is 19 1 year 1 day. In the 38 years from 196 1 to 1998, there were high temperature above 40℃ in 9 years and the highest temperature in 9 years. They are 1934 (45.2℃), 1966 (43.4℃), 1998 (4 1.8℃) and 2005 (4 1.7℃).

The precipitation in Xi 'an in 2007, the total precipitation is 595.9 ~ 732.9 mm, which is the largest in Huxian.

The sunshine hours in Xi 'an area of Rizhao in 2007 were 1398.5 ~ 2 126.7 hours. Compared with normal years, there are more sunshine hours in urban areas, Huxian and Lantian, and fewer sunshine hours in Gaoling, Chang 'an, Lintong and Zhouzhi.

Fog occurs frequently in autumn and winter, and the foggy days in all districts and counties are above 10 days throughout the year.

Bashui around Chang 'an

These eight rivers refer to the eight rivers that flow around An, including Wei, Jing, Feng, Waterlogging, Lian, Chan and Ba, belonging to the Yellow River system. Sima Xiangru, a writer of the Western Han Dynasty, wrote in his famous poem "Fu Shang Fu Lin" that "the eight waters are divided into different streams" and described the magnificent beauty of Shanglin Garden in the Han Dynasty, so there was a description of "Eight waters circling Chang 'an". Among the eight waters, the Weihe River flows into the Yellow River, and the other seven waters originally flowed directly into the Weihe River. However, due to the changes of the times, the Chan River has become a tributary of the Chan River. Luanhe River becomes a tributary of Weihe River, and Weihe River meets Fenghe River.