Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Tourist attractions - Who knows the history of Lu’an, Anhui?
Who knows the history of Lu’an, Anhui?
As far back as the Neolithic Age, there have been human activities in Lu'an.
During the reigns of Yao, Shun and Yu, this was the place where the Gaotao tribe lived and lived. "The Gaotao soldiers were buried in Liu (lù). Yu sealed his youngest son in Liu to worship him."
Xia belongs to the fiefdoms of the descendants of Gaotao - Ying (today's Jinzhai and Huoqiu territory), Liu (today's north of Liu'an City), so Liu'an City is also called Gao City.
From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many feudal states, and the territory belonged to the Ying, Liu, Shu Liao, Shu Jiu, Shu Yong and other feudal states. During the Warring States Period, the princes merged and became subordinate to Wu and Chu successively. In the 22nd year of King Kaolie of Chu (241 BC), the capital of Chu, Shouchun (today's Shouxian County), was called Ying, and later died in Qin.
Qin unified China and implemented a system of prefectures and counties. Today, most of the southeastern part of Lu'an, Huoshan and Shucheng belong to Hengshan County, with Qian County as the rule. The rest belongs to Jiujiang County, with Liu County, Shouchun and Anfeng counties as the rule. Shouchun is the county government. During the conflict between Chu and Han, Xiang Yu (206 BC) made Yingbu, a native of Liu'an, the King of Jiujiang, with the title of Duliu (now the ancient city in the northwest of Lu'an City). In the third year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (204 BC), Yingbu rebelled against Chu and surrendered to the Han.
Western Anhui Region
The Western Han Dynasty had a prefecture-state system and initially belonged to the Hengshan Kingdom and the Huainan Kingdom. The capital of Huainan is still six. In the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (196 BC), Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty Liu Bang established his youngest son Liu Chang as the King of Huainan, and his disciples were in Shouchun. The area under the jurisdiction of this area first belonged to the Jiujiang Kingdom and then to the Huainan Kingdom. In the sixteenth year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (164 BC), Liu An, Liu Bo, and Liu Ci were granted the title of King of Huainan, Hengshan, and Lujiang. Today Shouxian County and the northern part of Lu'an belong to the Huainan Kingdom, Jinzhai, Lu'an, Huoshan and Huoqiu belong to the Hengshan Kingdom, and Shucheng County belongs to the Lujiang Kingdom. In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wang An of Huainan and Wang Ci of Hengshan committed a rebellion, and the two kings committed suicide. In the second year of Yuanshou, Emperor Wu took the first names of six counties in Hengshan, including Anfeng and Anfeng, and called Hengshan Kingdom Liu'an Kingdom, which also means "the six places are safe and will never rebel", and the name Liu'an began. From then on, the Ying Kingdom was intertwined and experienced many ups and downs. In the fifth year of Emperor Wu's Yuanfeng reign (106 BC), thirteen governor's departments were established across the country, and the Lu'an area belonged to the Yangzhou governor's department. Today's Lu'an City, Lu'an, Huoqiu, and Jinzhai belong to the Lu'an State, and six counties, Liao County, and Liao County are divided into six counties. Anfeng, Anfeng, Yangquan and other counties, six counties of the capital (today's north of Lu'an City); Huoshan and Shucheng belong to Lujiang Ying, Qian County and Longshu County are set up, and the county governs Shu County (to the south of Lujiang County); Shouxian County And part of the southern part of Lu'an County belongs to Jiujiang County, with Shouchun, Boxiang and Chengde counties under its jurisdiction. Shouchun is governed by the county.
The Eastern Han Dynasty belonged to Jiujiang County and Lujiang County. Jiujiang County is home to Shouchun and Chengde counties, and Lujiang County is home to Lu'an, Qianxian, Anfeng, Yangquan, Anfeng, Yunlou, Longshu and other counties, which are all under the jurisdiction of the Yangzhou Governor's History Department. During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Huainan County, Lujiang County and Anfeng County of Wei. Huainan County is home to Shouchun and Chengde counties, and the county governs Hefei; Lujiang County is home to Lu'an, Bo'an, and Yangquan counties, and the county governs Liu'an; Anfeng County is home to Anfeng, Liao, Anfeng, Yunlou and other counties, and the county security Feng (near today's Huoqiu River mouth).
During the Western Jin Dynasty, today's Shouxian County and part of the northern part of Liu'an County belonged to Huainan County, and Shouchun and Chengde counties were established. year), and later moved to Ye (the third year of Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty); present-day Liu'an, Huoshan, Shucheng, and both sides of the Pihe River in the west of Anfengtang in Shouxian County and in the east of Donghu Lake in Huoqiu County belong to Lujiang County of Yangzhou, with six counties, There are five counties: Qianxian, Yangquan, Shuxian, and Longshu. The county is Shuxian (today's Shucheng); today's Huoqiu and Jinzhai belong to Anfeng County of Yuzhou, and they include Anfeng, Songzi, Liao, Anfeng, Yunlou and other counties. , the county's public security style (now Xuji, Shaogang Township, Huoqiu County).
During the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the current area under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Jin Dynasty belonged to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Shouxian County belonged to Huainan County, and the county governed Shouchun, Lu'an, Shucheng, Huoshan, the west of Anfengtang in Shouxian County and the east of Donghu Lake in Huoqiu County. Both sides of the Pihe River belong to Lujiang County, which governs Shu County (today's Shucheng). The two counties belong to Yangzhou, and the prefecture governs Jiankang (today's Nanjing City); Huoqiu and Jinzhai belong to Yiyang County of Yuzhou, and the county governs Yiyang (today's Guangzhou).
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the present-day Liu'an area first belonged to the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty (464), it belonged to Nanyu Prefecture, and the state was governed by Dangtu. Following the Qi Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, Shouxian, Huoqiu, Jinzhai and the northern part of Lu'an County belonged to Yuzhou in the fourth year of Jianwu of Qi (497). Kaihua, Mengxian, Yongqiu, Anfeng, Beiqiao, Xiaohuang and Songziqi were separated. County, Shucheng, Huoshan, Lu'an City and the southern part of Lu'an County belong to South Yuzhou, and Qian County, Shu County and the prefecture are governed by Dangtu. It then belonged to the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. In the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty (507), Shouxian County belonged to Yuzhou, the prefecture governed Liang County (the seat of Shouxian County), Huoshan, Shucheng, Lu'an City and Jinzhai, and most of Lu'an was newly established. Huozhou, the state governed Yue'an County (today's Huoshan County). Huoqiu County belongs to Anfeng Prefecture, and the prefecture governs Anfeng County (near the mouth of the river in Huoqiu County today). Successively belonged to Wei and Qi in the Northern Dynasties.
In the Sui Dynasty, in the early years of Kaihuang (581), Yue'an County was changed to Huoshan County. In the 19th year, Huoqiu County was established and divided into Huainan County and Lujiang County. Huainan County was divided into Shouchun, Anfeng, and Huoqiu County is governed by Shouchun; Lujiang County is divided into five counties: Lu'an, Shucheng, Huoshan, Pishui and Kaihua, and Hefei is governed by the county.
In the Tang Dynasty, they belonged to Luzhou and Shouzhou. In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan (735), the location of Hefei and Lujiang counties was analyzed and Shucheng county was established. In the 27th year, Shengtang County was newly established and governed in Zuoyucheng (today's Lu'an City). Shucheng County belongs to Luzhou. Shouchun, Huoqiu, Shengtang, Anfeng and other counties were established in Shouzhou.
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms belonged to the State of Wu first, then to the Southern Tang Dynasty, and then to the Later Zhou Dynasty.
The Northern Song Dynasty belonged to Shouzhou and Luzhou on Huainan West Road. Shouzhou covers Shouchun, Anfeng, Lu'an, Huoqiu and other counties, and the state governs Xiacai (today's Fengtai County). Luzhou governs Shucheng County, and the prefecture governs Hefei. In the first year of Chonghe (1118), Lu'an County was promoted to Liu'an Army and was directly under the Huaixi Road.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, in the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1142), Liu'an Army was demoted to a county and Anfeng County was promoted to Anfeng Army. It took over the territory of Shouzhou and governed Shouchun. Shucheng County belongs to Luzhou. In the first year of Duanping (1234), Lu'an County was abolished; in the fifth year of Jingding (1264), Lu'an County was restored and the Lu'an Army was established, directly under the Huaixi Road.
In the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Anfeng Road and Luzhou Road in Henan Province. Anfeng Road leads to Shouchun, Anfeng and Huoqiu counties, with Shouchun as its administrative office. Luzhou Road leads to Lu'an Prefecture, Lu'an, Huoshan and Shucheng counties, with Hefei as its administrative seat.
In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Fengyang Prefecture and Luzhou Prefecture. Fengyang Prefecture leads Shouzhou and Huoqiu County. Luzhou Prefecture controls Lu'an Prefecture (Lu'an County joins Lu'an Prefecture), Huoshan and Shucheng Counties.
In the Qing Dynasty, Anhui Province was established in the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), which belonged to Luzhou Prefecture, Fengyang Prefecture and Yingzhou Prefecture. Lu'an Prefecture, Huoshan County and Shucheng County belong to Luzhou Prefecture, Shouzhou belongs to Fengyang Prefecture, and Huoqiu County belongs to Yingzhou Prefecture. In the second year of Yongzheng's reign (1724), Lu'an Prefecture was transformed into Zhili Prefecture, leading to Huoshan County.
After the founding of the Republic of China, Shou Prefecture was renamed Shou County and Lu'an Prefecture was renamed Lu'an County. Together with Huoqiu, Shucheng and Huoshan counties, they were all affiliated to the province. From the 3rd to the 17th year of the Republic of China (1914-1928), Shucheng, Liu'an, and Huoshan belonged to Anqing Road, and Shouxian and Huoqiu belonged to Huai'an Third and Fourth Roads. Then, cancel the channel settings. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), Shouxian and Huoqiu belonged to the Fourth Administrative Supervision District of Anhui Province, and Lu'an, Shucheng and Huoshan belonged to the Third Administrative Supervision District. In October of the same year, 55 Baohuang counties on the borders of Lu'an, Huoshan, Huoqiu, Henan Shangcheng, and Gushi counties in Anhui Province initially belonged to the Ninth Administrative Supervision District of Henan Province. In March of the following year, they were placed under the Ninth Administrative Supervision District of Anhui Province. Three administrative inspection districts. In July 27th of the Republic of China, Shouxian County and Huoqiu were transferred from the Fourth Administrative Supervision District to the Third Administrative Supervision District. Today, the entire district falls under the jurisdiction of the Third Administrative Supervision District. In July of the 29th year of the Republic of China, the Third Administrative Supervision District was changed to the Second Administrative Supervision District, located in Lu'an, and its jurisdiction remained unchanged. During the War of Liberation, the Wanxi Administrative Office was established in October 36 of the Republic of China to create the Wanxi base area. Today, the area under its jurisdiction is divided into the second and third districts. In September of the same year, Dushan County was established in the southwest of Lu'an County, and Huang County was renamed Jinzhai County. In October, Huogu County was established with Huhu as the center. In November, Shuliu County was established with Maotanchang as the center, and Jinzhai County was divided into Jinxi and Jindong counties and Jinbei Office in the later period. In December, Shouliuhehuo County was established. In January of the 37th year of the Republic of China, Liuhe County was established in Southeast Township of Lu'an, and the junction of Huoshan, Yingshan, and Yuexi counties was designated, and Taiping County was established with Taipingfan as the center. In December, the area east of Shuanghe in Lu'an and west of Chaohu in Hefei was established as Feixi County. At the same time, the three counties of Shuliu, Dushan and Taiping were abolished. On January 22, 1938, the Third Office of the Western Anhui Administrative Office moved to Lu'an City, and Lu'an City was established accordingly. In April, the Third Office was renamed the Lu'an Administrative Inspectorate Office, which was subordinate to the Wanbei Administrative Office and administered Shouxian County, Huoqiu, Jinzhai, Huoshan, Shucheng, Liunan, Liubei and Lu'an City. Soon, Liunan, Liubei and Lu'an City merged to form Lu'an County. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Lu'an District included Lu'an, Huoshan, Shucheng, Shouxian, Huoqiu, and Jinzhai.
The People's Republic of China was established, and the jurisdiction of Lu'an Prefecture remained unchanged.
On February 4, 1952, Feixi County was added. On April 12, the Northern Anhui Administrative Office and the Southern Anhui Administrative Office merged to form Anhui Province, and the Lu'an Special Administrative Office was subordinate to Anhui Province.
On June 21, 1958, Feixi County was placed under Hefei City, and on July 12, Lujiang County was added.
On April 13, 1961, Feixi County was placed under the jurisdiction of Lu'an District from Hefei City.
On July 14, 1965, Lujiang County was placed under the Chaohu Prefecture.
On March 29, 1971, the special area was changed into a region, but the jurisdiction remained unchanged.
On September 23, 1978, Lu'an City was established, under the jurisdiction of the Lu'an District Administrative Office.
On June 7, 1983, Feixi County was placed under the jurisdiction of Hefei City. The Lu'an Administrative Office took over one city (Lu'an City) and six counties (Lu'an County, Shouxian County, Huoqiu, Shucheng, Jinzhai, Huoshan), and extended it until the end of 1985.
In December 1992, Lu'an City and Lu'an County merged and were called Lu'an City (county level).
In September 1999, the State Council approved the withdrawal of land from Lu'an to establish a city. The original county-level Lu'an City was divided into Jin'an District and Yu'an District.
In March 2000, Lu'an City under provincial jurisdiction was established.
Folk Culture
Lu'an has a long history and is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture. The culture of western Anhui has a long history and distinctive characteristics. The light of civilization of Gaotao culture spreads to China and the world from here. Chu culture, which "grew up in Jianghan and took root in Jianghuai", is highly mature here and is the fusion of Wu-Chu culture and northern culture. The intersection is the center of Anhui Han culture. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the mid-Western Han Dynasty, this area has been an active area for research and education in Taoist, agricultural and Confucian schools. The "sudden fire gun" invented in the Southern Song Dynasty was the ancestor of tubular weapons. "Yuanheng's Horse Treatment Collection" written by brothers Yu Benyuan and Yu Benheng in the late Ming Dynasty was called the "Compendium of Materia Medica" of veterinary medicine by later generations. The Red Army culture that accompanies the raging revolutionary years is full of enthusiasm, lively form, and unique. Western Anhui has rich cultural and artistic categories, including folk songs, folk dances, folk arts, paper-cutting, lantern festivals and folk plays, which reflect the diligence and wisdom of the working people in the Jianghuai region and the Dabie Mountains. Gaotao culture Gaotao was born in the 21st century BC after Shaohao, the son of the Yellow Emperor, and was the originator of Chinese justice.
He assisted Xia Yu in managing politics, controlling floods and developing production, and made great contributions to the integration of Yi and Xia and the subsequent formation of the Chinese nation. Gaotao was as famous as Yao, Shun and Yu, and was revered by Confucius as the "Four Ancient Sages". Yu appointed Gao Tao as his successor based on his character and merits and granted him power. However, Gaotao died before succeeding to the throne, so Yu granted Ying and Liuyi to his descendants. From the time when Yu "confessed Gaotao to Ying and Liu" until King Mu of Chu destroyed Liu, the descendants of Gaotao had established a country in "Liu" for about 1,500 years, making it one of the longest-established kingdoms in the history of our country. Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was proud of Gaotao, the ancestor of the Li family, and posthumously named him "Emperor Deming" in the second year of Tianbao (743 AD).
The ancient sage Gaotao
The main content of Gaotao culture is: the promotion of the "Five Religions", namely, "father's righteousness, mother's kindness, brothers and friends, brothers and sisters (respect)" , Zixiao". The "five rites" are determined, namely "auspicious, inauspicious, guest, military, and good". Auspicious rites are sacrificial rites, and unfavorable rites are funeral rites. Guest rites are gifts of employment between tribes and tribal alliances, tribes and tribes, and with friendly tribes outside the alliance. Military rites are used to organize clans and bind the masses into an army. Jiali is the ceremony of "food, drink, men and women". The "Five Punishments" were created, namely "armor, axe, saw, drill, and whip." Jiabing is a crusade against external aggression and internal rebellion; axes and axes are punishments within the army and belong to military law; knives and saws are death sentences and heavy corporal punishments; drills and napkins are light corporal punishments; whips and whips are light punishments for minor crimes. Gaotao's integration into the "Five Punishments" on the basis of customary law is undoubtedly a great progress and the beginning of our country's criminal law. The "Nine Virtues" are established, that is, "wide yet firm, soft yet standing, willing yet respectful, chaotic yet respectful, disruptive yet perseverant, straight yet gentle, simple yet honest, rigid yet restrained, strong yet righteous." The "Nine Virtues" formulated by Gao Tao include many aspects such as a person's endowment, temperament, moral character, talents, etc. It is the earliest known standard for inspecting and selecting public officials in the history of our country. The "nine tribes" are the kin tribes at the core of the tribal alliance. The tribal alliance is a loose organization, and the authority of the alliance cannot be maintained without the backing of reliable force. Therefore, being pro-"nine tribes" was also an important political strategy under the historical conditions at that time.
The era when Gao Tao lived was the final stage of the transition from primitive society to class society in my country, and was at the threshold of the civilized era. Gaotao made significant contributions to the reform of the alliance system and culture. At that time, there were many tribes, known as "ten thousand nations", with different beliefs and customs. The "Five Religions", "Five Rites", "Five Punishments", "Nine Virtues", and "Nine Tribes" he advocated and implemented were instrumental in strengthening the political, economic, and cultural connections and integration between tribes and tribes, and promoting the emergence of the country. All played a significant role.
The Dharma Beast Xiè Zhì (xiè zhì)
Gaotao thought is one of the important sources of Confucian academic thought. Gaotao culture is a treasure of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and a precious spiritual heritage left to future generations. In order to commemorate Gaotao, later generations built Gaotao's tomb and Gaotao temple. Gaotao Tomb is a provincial-level key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in the east of Lu'an City. There is a yellow chestnut tree on the top, shaped like an umbrella canopy. There is a stone tablet in front of it, with the inscription "Ancient Gaotao Tomb" written by Wu Kun, the governor of Anhui Province in the Qing Dynasty. The poet Pi Rixiu of the Tang Dynasty and the great writers Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty wrote poems and articles about Gaotao's tomb. Gaotao Temple is located 35 meters north of the tomb. It was built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed by fire during the Xianfeng period and rebuilt during the Guangxu period. In order to further promote Gao Pottery culture and develop tourism resources, the Chinese Gao Pottery Cultural Park is currently being built. Shouchun Chu Culture The Chu culture of my country's pre-Qin period was brilliant, extensive and profound, and was the most important part of the ancient Chinese national culture. Chu culture is the product of the combination of the ancient Central Plains culture and the regional indigenous culture of the Chu Man (today's Jianghan area). It is rich in content. The basic elements are: bronze smelting technology, textile and embroidery technology, Lao Zhuang philosophy, Qu Yuan's poetry and Zhuang Zi's prose. , art, music and dance, etc.
The Shouchun Chu culture is a unique ancient culture formed by the mutual influence, penetration and integration of Huaiyi culture and Chu culture. Its peak period of prosperity was from 241 BC to 223 BC, which lasted 19 years. At this time, Shouchun was the last capital of Chu State and the political, economic, cultural and military center of the late Chu Dynasty. During this period, the Chu royal family experienced the decline of the country and the turbulent process of "escapeism". The items carried by the nobles along with the relocation became more valuable and sophisticated each time, eventually forming a kind of accumulation. Judging from the current archaeological situation, Shouxian County is an "underground museum" of Chu culture. Its representative cultural relics include Chu Dading, Ejun Qijin Festival, Ying Yuan, etc. Chu culture is famous for its profound heritage, rich relics, and distinctive characteristics, and has influenced later generations. Liu'an Han Culture Liu'an is the intersection of Wu-Chu culture and northern culture, and is the concentration of Han culture in Anhui. The Liu'an Kingdom of the Western Han Dynasty reflected that the state form of the vassal kings of the Western Han Dynasty had developed to a high and perfect level. The unearthed cultural relics and tomb form specifications of Han Tomb No. 1 in Shuangdun, Lu'an, are of great significance to the study of the integrated development of Wu and Chu cultures, the history of the Western Han Dynasty, and ancient cemetery culture. Lu'an Royal Tomb is located in Shuangdun Village, Sanshipu Town, Jin'an District. Shuangdun Village is named after two "mounds" juxtaposed from the north and south that protrude from the ground. In early 2006, in order to cooperate with the construction of the He (Fei) Wu (Han) high-speed railway, a national key project, the Anhui Provincial Institute of Archeology was commissioned by the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau to conduct a routine archaeological survey and discovered that the "Twin Duns" that had been dormant for thousands of years were actually two parallel piers. A large tomb from the Western Han Dynasty.
Although this Han tomb was robbed in the Tang Dynasty, a large number of relics were still cleared around the tomb.
The perfect and exquisite structure of the "Huang Chang Ti Cou" royal tomb, the unearthed fragments of lacquered wood, jades, gold and silver foil, agate and 22 bronzes, more than 300 wooden figurines, wooden carts, wooden horses, etc. still made us feel the wonder. The splendor and glory of the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago reflected the political, economic, military, and cultural conditions of the middle and late Western Han Dynasty to a considerable extent. , smelting technology, etc. are of great significance.
However, the significance of Shuangdun No. 1 Han Tomb does not only end there. The excavation of Han Tomb No. 1 in Shuangdun, Lu'an also unveiled the mystery of the tomb of the king of Liu'an in the Han Dynasty.
"Historical Records" and "Hanshu" record: In the second year of Yuanshou, that is, 121 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established the Liu'an Kingdom, and made Liu Qing, the youngest son of Liu Ji, King of Jiaodong Kang, the King of Liu'an. It means "safety in the six lands and never rebel", hence the name Liu'an. The Liu'an Kingdom guarded by Liu Qing and his successors has enjoyed peace and prosperity for more than 130 years. But what the Lu'an Kingdom looked like in historical records, and where the royal tombs and capitals are, have been mysteries for eternity. Now some of the cultural relics unearthed from Han Tomb No. 1 in Shuangdun, Lu'an, have words about Liu'an Kingdom or Liu'an King. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the location's geography, regulations, unearthed cultural relics, and relevant literature records, archaeological experts have preliminarily concluded that the owner of the tomb is Liu Qing, the first generation king of Liu'an.
There are more than 20 large and small piers in the Shuangdun area, which is the king's tomb area built by King Liu'an of the Western Han Dynasty. They echo the east ancient city located in the development zone to the north, where the capital of Lu'an Kings is located. According to preliminary exploration by experts, around the Han Tombs No. 1 and 2 of Shuangdun No. 1 in Lu'an, there are three pairs of conjoined twin mounds with huge seals and juxtaposed on the left and right. They can be roughly judged to be the tombs of the other three kings and queens. This is the only relatively complete tomb group of princes and kings discovered in China during the Western Han Dynasty so far, with a core area of ??about 5 square kilometers. The cultural relics and information contained in the Lu'an King's Tomb are rare and precious cultural heritage in our country. Red Army Culture Wanxi is a famous old revolutionary base in the country. As early as 1920, progressive intellectuals in Lu'an, represented by Zhu Yunshan, a veteran of the Revolution of 1911, organized the "Chinese Revolutionary Group" to engage in Marxist propaganda and anti-imperialist and anti-feudal activities. In 1923, a special branch of the Communist Party of China was established in Xiaodianji, Shouxian County, directly under the leadership of the Party Central Committee. It was the earliest party organization established in Anhui. In 1929, the Beginning of Summer Uprising and Liuhuo Uprising broke out one after another, giving birth to the 32nd and 33rd Divisions of the 11th Red Army and creating the Wanxi Revolutionary Base Area. Wanxi is one of the cradles of the Red Army and an important part of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui revolutionary base area. In March 1932, Xu Xiangqian commanded the Sujiabu Battle here, which lasted for 48 days and nights, smashing the "Third Encirclement and Suppression" of the Kuomintang army and achieving an unprecedented victory in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Area. In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, Lu'an once became the capital of Anhui Province due to its important geographical location, and important institutions of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were located here. In February 1938, the Anhui Provincial Anti-Japanese Popular Mobilization Committee was established in Lu'an, where Dong Biwu guided and promoted the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. In June 1947, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the main force of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army to leap thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, which became a major turning point in China's revolutionary war.
Dabie Mountain Revolutionary Martyrs Monument
In the war years of blood and fire, the people of Lu'an made great contributions to the liberation of the nation and the birth of New China, with 300,000 outstanding sons and daughters. He sacrificed his precious life and also created a large number of outstanding heroes. Among the surviving commanders of the People's Liberation Army alone, there are 108 founding generals with outstanding merits, and there are two general counties of Jinzhai (59) and Yu'an (32) and Dushan with "17 generals in one town" town.
The Red Army culture in the Wanxi Soviet Area is rich in content and lively in form, vividly showing the revolutionary life in full swing, educating and publicizing the Red Army officers and soldiers and the people in the Soviet Area to devote themselves to the fiery revolutionary struggle. The main art forms of the Red Army culture in the Western Anhui Soviet Area include ballads, dramas, paintings, etc. There are more than 300 ballads recorded in the "Cultural History of the Soviet Area in Western Anhui", covering all aspects of the struggle life of the military and civilians in the Soviet Area in Western Anhui, such as "The Bitterness of the Old Society", "Anti-Kuomintang Song", "Sending a Man to the Red Army", "The Party" "They are my biological parents", "The Red Army are all heroes", etc. The dramas in the Wanxi Soviet Area were all newly compiled around the central tasks of the revolutionary struggle. The performances were in lively and diverse forms, some were dramas, some were local operas, some were live newspaper dramas, some were singing and dancing, and they were not limited by the type of dramas. They were all costume dramas, equipped with Simple. The paintings of the Soviet Area in western Anhui are mostly seen in pictorials, newspaper illustrations, large-scale propaganda posters, comics, murals, small wooden sign paintings, etc.
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